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Frontiers in Oncology 2019Association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incidence of breast cancer remains to be validated. Moreover, whether menopausal status of the women affects this...
Association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and incidence of breast cancer remains to be validated. Moreover, whether menopausal status of the women affects this association is unclear. A meta-analysis was performed to summarize the association between MetS and breast cancer risk. Follow-up studies were identified by search of PubMed and Embase databases published until May 26, 2019. A random-effect model or fixed-effect model was applied to pool the results according to the heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses according to the menopausal status, ethnic groups, cancer histopathological features, and study design characteristics. Overall, 17 follow-up studies with 602,195 women and 15,945 cases of breast cancer were included. Results of meta-analysis showed that MetS defined by the revised National Cholesterol Education Program's Adults Treatment Panel III criteria was associated with significantly increased risk for breast cancer incidence (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 1.15, = 0.003). Subgroup analyses showed that MetS was associated with significantly increased risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women (adjusted RR = 1.25, < 0.001), but significantly reduced breast cancer risk in premenopausal women (adjusted RR = 0.82, < 0.001). Further analyses showed that the association between MetS and increased risk of breast cancer were mainly evidenced from studies including Caucasian and Asian women, reporting invasive breast cancer, and of retrospective design. Menopausal status may affect the association between MetS and breast cancer incidence. Postmenopausal women with Mets are associated with increased risk of breast cancer.
PubMed: 31824862
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01290 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Jan 2020
Meta-Analysis
One-vein vs. two-vein anastomoses utilizing the retrograde limb of the internal mammary vein as supercharge recipient vessel in free DIEP flap breast reconstruction: A meta-analysis of comparative studies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anastomosis, Surgical; Female; Free Tissue Flaps; Graft Survival; Humans; Mammaplasty; Mammary Glands, Human; Microvessels; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Veins; Young Adult
PubMed: 31248827
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.05.050 -
Animal Health Research Reviews Jun 2018In dairy herds, application of antimicrobials at drying-off is a common mastitis control measure. This article describes a protocol for systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
In dairy herds, application of antimicrobials at drying-off is a common mastitis control measure. This article describes a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis to address three crucial points regarding antimicrobial usage at drying-off: (1) comparative efficacy of antimicrobials used for preventing new and eliminating existing intramammary infections (IMI); (2) comparison of selective and blanket dry cow therapy approaches in preventing new and eliminating existing IMI; and (3) assessment of the extra prevention against new IMI that can be gained from using antimicrobial-teat sealant combinations versus antimicrobials alone. Five PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome) questions were formulated to cover the three objectives of the review. Medline, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science, and conference proceedings will be searched along with iterative screening of references. Articles will be eligible if: (1) published after 1966; (2) written in English or French; and (3) reporting field clinical trials and observational studies, conducted on dairy cows at drying-off, with at least one antimicrobial-treated group and one IMI-related outcome. Authors will independently assess the relevance of titles and abstracts, extract data, and assess bias and the overall quality of evidence. Results will be synthesized and analyzed using pairwise and network meta-analysis. The proposed study will significantly update previously conducted reviews.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Female; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Mastitis, Bovine
PubMed: 30070621
DOI: 10.1017/S1466252318000051 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2018Vitamin A in human milk is critical for meeting infant requirements and building liver stores needed after weaning. A number of studies have measured milk retinol, but... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Retinol-to-Fat Ratio and Retinol Concentration in Human Milk Show Similar Time Trends and Associations with Maternal Factors at the Population Level: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Vitamin A in human milk is critical for meeting infant requirements and building liver stores needed after weaning. A number of studies have measured milk retinol, but only a subset have corrected for fat, which serves as the retinol carrier in breast milk. The purpose of the present work was to review and analyze studies in which human-milk retinol concentrations were reported in relation to milk fat and to compare these results with unadjusted breast-milk retinol concentrations in terms of time trends over the course of lactation, influences of maternal nutritional and constitutional factors, and effects of maternal vitamin A supplementation. A systematic approach was used to search the available literature by using the US National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE/PubMed bibliographic search engine. Observational and intervention studies were included if the research was original and the retinol-to-fat ratio (retinol:fat) in human milk was measured at ≥1 time point during the first 12 mo of lactation. Retinol:fat and retinol were highest in colostrum, declined rapidly in early lactation, and achieved statistical stability by 2 and 4 wk lactation, respectively. In mature milk, retinol concentration was positively correlated with milk fat (r = 0.61, P = 0.008). Breast-milk retinol:fat and retinol were positively associated with maternal vitamin A intake but were associated with plasma retinol only when dietary intake was inadequate. Postpartum supplementation with high-dose vitamin A (200,000-400,000 IU) resulted in significantly higher breast-milk retinol:fat for 3 mo and retinol for 6 mo (P < 0.05). In populations, the 2 indexes show similar trends and associations with maternal factors. Future studies should monitor how the uptake of retinol into the mammary gland affects maternal vitamin reserves, particularly in women who are at risk of vitamin A deficiency.
Topics: Adult; Breast Feeding; Colostrum; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Lactation; Lipids; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Milk, Human; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Postpartum Period; Vitamin A; Vitamin A Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 29846525
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy021 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2018Because infants are born with small amounts of stored intrathyroidal iodine, they depend on human-milk iodine for normal physical and neurologic growth and development....
Because infants are born with small amounts of stored intrathyroidal iodine, they depend on human-milk iodine for normal physical and neurologic growth and development. The mammary gland concentrates iodide; however, there is a lack of consensus on the concentrations of breast-milk iodine necessary to achieve equilibrium in the infant. The objectives of the present review are to consider trends in breast-milk iodine concentrations over the course of lactation, to determine which maternal factors or interventions influence breast-milk iodine concentrations, to examine the association between breast-milk iodine concentrations and infant iodine status, and to identify how newer data contribute to the literature and inform recommendations for achieving optimal breast-milk iodine concentrations. A systematic search of the published literature was undertaken by using the US National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE/PubMed bibliographic search engine. Observational and intervention studies were included if the research was original, the study had not been included in a previous review, and iodine concentration in human milk was measured at ≥1 time point during the first 12 mo of lactation. Results of the systematic review indicate that breast-milk iodine concentrations vary widely between populations but are highest in colostrum and decrease gradually throughout the lactation period. Included studies did not replicate earlier findings of an inverse correlation between breast-milk iodine and perchlorate concentrations. Supplementation with high-dose or daily iodine during lactation was effective in increasing breast-milk iodine concentrations with some evidence of a dose-response relationship, which is consistent with findings of earlier supplementation trials in pregnancy and lactation. Although additional and globally representative research is needed, data suggest that breast-milk iodine concentrations in the range of 150 μg/L during the first 6 mo of lactation would achieve or exceed infant iodine equilibrium and prevent the developmental consequences of iodine deficiency.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Colostrum; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Iodides; Iodine; Lactation; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Milk, Human; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Pregnancy
PubMed: 29846524
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy020 -
Climacteric : the Journal of the... Apr 2018Postmenopausal women with an intact uterus using estrogen therapy should receive a progestogen for endometrial protection. The debate on bioidentical hormones including...
Postmenopausal women with an intact uterus using estrogen therapy should receive a progestogen for endometrial protection. The debate on bioidentical hormones including micronized progesterone has increased in recent years. Based on a systematic literature review on the impact of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) containing micronized progesterone on the mammary gland, an international expert panel's recommendations are as follows: (1) estrogens combined with oral (approved) or vaginal (off-label use) micronized progesterone do not increase breast cancer risk for up to 5 years of treatment duration; (2) there is limited evidence that estrogens combined with oral micronized progesterone applied for more than 5 years are associated with an increased breast cancer risk; and (3) counseling on combined MHT should cover breast cancer risk - regardless of the progestogen chosen. Yet, women should also be counseled on other modifiable and non-modifiable breast cancer risk factors in order to balance the impact of combined MHT on the breast.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Endometrium; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Menopause; Progesterone; Progestins; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 29384406
DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2017.1421925 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Sep 2017Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma (MASC) is a newly characterized salivary gland carcinoma resembling secretory carcinoma of the breast. Prior to being described,... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma (MASC) is a newly characterized salivary gland carcinoma resembling secretory carcinoma of the breast. Prior to being described, MASC was most commonly misdiagnosed as Acinic Cell Carcinoma. Though MASC is predominantly an adult neoplasm, cases have been reported in the pediatric population. Reporting and summarizing of known cases is imperative to understand the prognosis and clinical behavior of MASC.
OBJECTIVE
EVIDENCE REVIEW: Web of Science, Medline, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library were searched for studies that included pediatric cases of MASC. Data on clinical presentation, diagnosis and management, and pathology were collected from all pediatric cases.
FINDINGS
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Since the first case of MASC in the pediatric population was described in 2011, only 12 cases, including this one, have been described in the literature. With this paucity of information, much remains unknown regarding this new pathologic diagnosis. The collection of clinical outcomes data of children with MASC is needed to better understand the behavior of this malignancy as well as determine optimal treatment regimens.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Male; Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma; Prognosis; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Salivary Glands
PubMed: 28802370
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.07.004 -
Journal of the Science of Food and... Mar 2018Dairy milk consists of more than 85% water. Therefore, understanding the regulation of fluid absorption in the mammary gland is relevant to improving milk production. In... (Review)
Review
Dairy milk consists of more than 85% water. Therefore, understanding the regulation of fluid absorption in the mammary gland is relevant to improving milk production. In recent decades, studies using different approaches, including blood flow, transmembrane fluid flow, tight junction, fluid flow of the paracellular pathway and functional mammary epithelial cell state, have been conducted aiming to investigate how mammary gland fluid absorption is regulated. However, the relationship between regulation mechanisms of fluid flow and milk production has not been studied systematically. The present review summarizes a series of key milk yield regulatory factors mediated by whole-mammary fluid flow, including milk, mammary blood flow, blood/tissue fluid-cell fluid flow and cell-alveolus fluid flow. Whole-mammary fluid flow regulates milk production by altering transporter activity, ion channels, local microcirculation-related factors, driving force of fluid transport (osmotic pressure or electrochemical gradient), cellular connection state and a cell volume sensitive mechanism. In addition, whole-mammary fluid flow plays important roles in milk synthesis and secretion. Knowledge gained from fluid flow-mediated regulatory mechanisms of the dairy mammary gland will lead to a fundamental understanding of lactation biology and will be beneficial for the improvement of dairy productivity. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Body Fluids; Cattle; Dairying; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Microcirculation; Milk; Regional Blood Flow; Tight Junctions
PubMed: 28758674
DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8605 -
Head & Neck Jun 2017Mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the salivary glands (MASC ) is a newly introduced malignant tumor of the salivary glands. For decades, it has been confused with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mammary analog secretory carcinoma of the salivary glands (MASC ) is a newly introduced malignant tumor of the salivary glands. For decades, it has been confused with acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary glands.
METHODS
All reported cases of MASC were surveyed from 2010 until January 2017. The collected data was compiled and computationally processed to describe the clinical parameters of MASC . Its epidemiology was also mapped. Moreover, inaccurate data was highlighted.
RESULTS
Clinically implicating, this article tackles simply the several clinical findings of MASC so that our contemporary nosology, at 7 years after description, can be updated. The cytogenetic, histologic, and immunohistochemical details are also defined.
CONCLUSION
The available data about MASC is sufficient enough to diagnose it with no need to investigate the ETV6-NTRK3 translocation. Although high-grade malignancy and distant metastases were rarely reported, a rapt attention should be paid both to the nature of this tumor and to the indicated close follow-up of such cases, especially when necrosis, increased mitotic activity, and other classic caveats are conspicuous. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1243-1248, 2017.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biopsy, Needle; Combined Modality Therapy; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Internationality; Male; Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets; Repressor Proteins; Risk Assessment; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Survival Analysis; Time Factors; ETS Translocation Variant 6 Protein
PubMed: 28370824
DOI: 10.1002/hed.24755 -
Annals of Oncology : Official Journal... Apr 2017A more accurate prognosis for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients could aid in the identification of patients at high risk for recurrence. Many NSCLC mRNA... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
A more accurate prognosis for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients could aid in the identification of patients at high risk for recurrence. Many NSCLC mRNA expression signatures claiming to be prognostic have been reported in the literature. The goal of this study was to identify the most promising mRNA prognostic signatures in NSCLC for further prospective clinical validation.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of published mRNA prognostic signatures for resected NSCLC. The prognostic performance of each signature was evaluated via a meta-analysis of 1927 early stage NSCLC patients collected from 15 studies using three evaluation metrics (hazard ratios, concordance scores, and time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic curves). The performance of each signature was then evaluated against 100 random signatures. The prognostic power independent of clinical risk factors was assessed by multivariate Cox models.
RESULTS
Through a literature search, we identified 42 lung cancer prognostic signatures derived from genome-wide expression profiling analysis. Based on meta-analysis, 25 signatures were prognostic for survival after adjusting for clinical risk factors and 18 signatures carried out significantly better than random signatures. When analyzing histology types separately, 17 signatures and 8 signatures are prognostic for adenocarcinoma and squamous cell lung cancer, respectively. Despite little overlap among published gene signatures, the top-performing signatures are highly concordant in predicted patient outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on this large-scale meta-analysis, we identified a set of mRNA expression prognostic signatures appropriate for further validation in prospective clinical studies.
Topics: Aged; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Transcriptome
PubMed: 28200038
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw683