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Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Feb 2024Several studies have investigated a link between maternal preconception body mass index, gestational weight gain (GWG), and the risk of childhood allergic diseases, but... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Several studies have investigated a link between maternal preconception body mass index, gestational weight gain (GWG), and the risk of childhood allergic diseases, but the conclusions of these studies were inconsistent. This review aimed to evaluate the relationship based on existing studies. We eventually included 18 cohort studies. The findings indicated that both maternal preconception overweight or obesity increased the risk of childhood wheezing (overweight: risk ratio (RR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.15; obesity: RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.12-1.38) and asthma (overweight: RR 1.18, 95% CI 1.05-1.32; obesity: RR 1.34, 95% CI 1.13-1.58), and the risk of childhood wheezing increased with continuous prepregnancy BMI changes (per 5 kg/m increase) (RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05-1.15). Preconception underweight may elevate the risk of childhood eczema ever (RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02-1.09) and current eczema (RR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.37), and preconception overweight may reduce the risk of childhood eczema ever (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99). No statistically significant association between GWG and the risk of allergic diseases in children was found. Preconception weight management is encouraged for the prevention of allergic diseases in children.
Topics: Child; Humans; Body Mass Index; Eczema; Gestational Weight Gain; Obesity; Overweight; Respiratory Sounds
PubMed: 37880747
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13653 -
Midwifery Dec 2023The prevalence and complications of maternal obesity are well reported; with a hegemonic medicalised view leading to women's pregnant bodies being 'managed'. We aimed to... (Review)
Review
STUDY BACKGROUND
The prevalence and complications of maternal obesity are well reported; with a hegemonic medicalised view leading to women's pregnant bodies being 'managed'. We aimed to address current knowledge gaps by exploring the literature across research traditions and overtime to better understand the experiences of maternity care for women living with obesity, in relation to choice, consent and control.
METHODS
A systematic review using meta-narrative methods. Identification of studies included a scoping phase involving experts, hand searching and database browsing and a systematic searching phase. Seven databases (MEDLINE, MIDIRS, CINAHLComplete, Scopus, SocINDEX, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscuss) were searched with no date or geographical restriction. Non- English language studies were excluded. Two authors appraised quality prior to data extraction and synthesis. Data were tabulated, and women's experiences conceptualised in relation to choice, consent and control, first, by research tradition to reveal the unfolding storyline, secondly emergent narratives were synthesised into meta-themes.
RESULTS
Twenty-four studies were included, from six research traditions. Of these, twenty-one were qualitative, two were quantitative, and one study utilised a mixed method design. Studies spanned twenty-six years from 1994 to 2020. Across research traditions, four themes were evident, 'women's beliefs and experiences of weight', 'social determinants', 'being risked-managed' and 'attitudes of caregivers'. Over time, management of maternal obesity has moved from a focus on weight gain and diet as a woman's issue, to weight being pathological resulting in increased medicalisation, to a renewed focus on lifestyle through the public health arena. It suggests that lack of choice over care can reduce women's perception of control over their pregnancy and birth experience.
CONCLUSION
Increased medicalisation of maternal obesity, which includes defining and managing weight as pathological can limit women's choice and control over their maternity care. There is a need for national and local policy development which includes women in the process. It is important that women's views are heard, understood and acted upon so that a balance can be achieved, avoiding over medicalisation, yet ensuring mortality and morbidity risks are minimised.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Obesity, Maternal; Maternal Health Services; Obesity; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 37856978
DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103826 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jan 2024Although many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed the benefits of cinnamon on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the effects of cinnamon supplementation on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The effect of cinnamon supplementation on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: An updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Although many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have revealed the benefits of cinnamon on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the effects of cinnamon supplementation on glycemic control in patients with T2DM are inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis of RCTs was to assess the effects of cinnamon supplementation in managing glycemic control in patients with T2DM. Scientific international databases including Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched till December 2022. For net changes in glycemic control, standard mean differences (SMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. Findings from 24 RCTs revealed that cinnamon supplementation had a statistically significant reduction in fasting blood sugar (SMD: -1.32; 95% CI: -1.77, -0.87, p < 0.001), Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (SMD: -1.32; 95% CI: -1.77, -0.87, p < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1C (SMD: -0.67; 95% CI: -1.18, -0.15, p = 0.011) compared with the control group in patients with T2DM. Additionally, cinnamon did not change the serum levels of insulin (SMD: -0.17; 95% CI: -0.34, 0.01, p = 0.058) significantly. Our analysis indicated that glycemic control indicators are significantly decreased by cinnamon supplementation. Together, these findings support the notion that cinnamon supplementation might have clinical potential as an adjunct therapy for managing T2DM.
Topics: Humans; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Blood Glucose; Glycemic Control; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37818728
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8026 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Jan 2024Obesity may track across generations, due to genetics and shared family environmental factors, or possibly intrauterine programming. However, many studies only assess... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Obesity may track across generations, due to genetics and shared family environmental factors, or possibly intrauterine programming. However, many studies only assess associations between maternal body mass index (BMI) and offspring BMI in childhood. To determine whether maternal and paternal associations with offspring BMI differ and whether associations persist into adulthood, a systematic review and meta-analysis was done. PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar (to October 2022) were searched. Observational studies reporting associations between maternal or paternal BMI and adult offspring BMI were included. Offspring BMIs were reported as continuous or categorical measures. Forty-six studies were included in the systematic review. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models. Parental BMI was positively associated with offspring BMI in adulthood. The pooled mother-offspring standardized mean difference (SMD) was 0.23 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.20, 0.26), and father-offspring SMD was similar: 0.22 (95% CI: 0.19, 0.25) in adjusted models. Offspring of mothers with overweight or obesity had the same risk of higher BMI as offspring of fathers with overweight or obesity. If these associations are causal, they support interventions targeting all family members, rather than focusing solely on mothers, to obtain a healthy weight development among offspring.
Topics: Female; Adult; Humans; Body Mass Index; Overweight; Adult Children; Parents; Obesity; Mothers
PubMed: 37783229
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13644 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023The findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effect of flaxseed on adipokine concentrations are conflicting. Therefore, the present meta-analysis...
INTRODUCTION
The findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the effect of flaxseed on adipokine concentrations are conflicting. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was conducted to provide definite and conclusive results.
METHODS
Systematically, Scopus, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science databases, and Google Scholar were searched for relevant literature published up to December 2022. Based on random-effect models, standard mean differences (SMDs) were calculated for net changes in adipokine concentrations.
RESULTS
Overall, 13 RCTs (15 arms) were eligible to be included. The results indicated that leptin was significantly reduced after the intervention with flaxseed supplement (SMD = -0.69, 95% CI: -1.37, -0.01; = 0.048; = 92.0%, < 0.001). In addition, flaxseed supplements had no considerable effect on plasma adiponectin (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI: -0.20, 1.25, = 0.159; = 92.0%, < 0.001).
DISCUSSION
Flaxseed significantly improves leptin but does not affect adiponectin concentrations. Additional future well-designed trials are required to further assess the potential benefits of flaxseed on adipokines in humans.
PubMed: 37743909
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1179089 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Dec 2023Although several studies have revealed the benefits of purslane on glycemic indices, the results of some studies reject such effect. Therefore, aim of this meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although several studies have revealed the benefits of purslane on glycemic indices, the results of some studies reject such effect. Therefore, aim of this meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to assess the effects of purslane supplementation on glycemic indices. Scientific international databases as Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched up to December 2022. For net changes in glycemic indices, weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated using random-effects models. Purslane supplementation had a statistically significant reduction in fasting blood glucose [FBG, WMD: -6.37; 95% CI: -9.34, -3.40, p < 0.001]. In addition, purslane did not significant effect on serum levels of insulin [WMD: -0.74; 95% CI: -2.58, 1.10; p = 0.430], homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA-IR, WMD: -0.25; 95% CI: -0.88, 0.37, p = 0.429], and QUICKI [WMD: -0.01; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.03, p = 0.317] compared with the control group. The results of our meta-analysis revealed a beneficial effect of purslane supplementation as a tool to decrease FBG levels, but not to HOMA-IR, insulin, and QUICKI levels. However, future high-quality, long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm our results.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Portulaca; Glycemic Index; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 37661794
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7997 -
Current Problems in Cardiology Jan 2024Maternal obesity may affect offspring's cardiovascular health. Our literature search using PubMed, Web of Sciences included original English research and Google Scholar...
Maternal obesity may affect offspring's cardiovascular health. Our literature search using PubMed, Web of Sciences included original English research and Google Scholar articles published over the past ten years, culminating in 96 articles in this topic. A mother's obesity during pregnancy has a negative impact on the cardiovascular risk for their offspring. Dependence was observed in relation to hypertension, coronary artery disease, stroke, and heart failure. The adverse impact of an abnormal diet in pregnant mice on heart hypertrophy was observed, and was also confirmed in human research. Pregnant women with obesity were at greater risk of having a child with innate heart disease than pregnant women with normal mass. To conclude: mother's obesity has a negative impact on the long-term cardiovascular consequences for their offspring, increasing their risk of high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke and heart failure. It also increases the probability of heart hypertrophy and innate heart defects.
Topics: Animals; Child; Female; Humans; Mice; Pregnancy; Cardiomegaly; Heart Failure; Obesity; Obesity, Maternal; Stroke
PubMed: 37652110
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2023.102062 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2023Numerous meta-analyses have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics on oxidative stress biomarkers, although some studies have contradictory results....
INTRODUCTION
Numerous meta-analyses have demonstrated the beneficial effects of probiotics on oxidative stress biomarkers, although some studies have contradictory results. Therefore, the current research was conducted to obtain a precise and definite understanding on the impact of probiotics on oxidative stress biomarkers in adults.
METHODS
We conducted a comprehensive systematic search of results on Scopus, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar dating up to March 2022. Fifteen meta-analyses were included in this umbrella meta-analysis. The random-effects model was employed to obtain the overall effect size. Subgroup analyses were carried out based on supplementation dosage and duration, mean age, and study population.
RESULTS
Our results indicated that probiotics supplementation meaningfully decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) (ES = -0.56, 95% CI: -0.72, -0.39; < 0.001, and ES = -0.50, 95% CI: -0.66, -0.34; < 0.001). Moreover, the findings showed that probiotics resulted in a significant increase in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (ES = 29.18, 95% CI: 16.31, 42.04; < 0.001, and ES = 0.25, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.47; = 0.032), total glutathione (GSH) (ES: 30.65; 95% CI: 16.94, 44.35, < 0.001), and nitric oxide (NO) (ES: 1.48; 95% CI: 0.31, 2.65, = 0.013; I = 51.7%, = 0.043).
DISCUSSION
Probiotics could be considered a strong agent in the reinforcement of antioxidant status and preventing the incidence of chronic diseases.
PubMed: 37637950
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1117387 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2023Although several meta-analyses support the positive effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, the results of some other studies...
Although several meta-analyses support the positive effect of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on biomarkers of oxidative stress and inflammation, the results of some other studies reject such effects. Therefore, in this umbrella meta-analysis, we performed a comprehensive systematic search in such databases as Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar up to January 2023. Based on standardized mean difference analysis, CoQ10 supplementation significantly decreased serum C-reactive protein (CRP) (ES = -0.39; 95% CI: 0.77, -0.01, = 0.042) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (ES = -1.17; 95% CI: 1.55, -0.79, < 0.001), while it increased the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (ES = 1.21; 95% CI: 0.61, 1.81, < 0.001) and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (ES = 1.08; 95% CI: 0.37, 1.79, = 0.003). However, CoQ10 supplementation had no significant reducing effect on tumor-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) (ES = -0.70; 95% CI: 2.09, 0.68, = 0.320) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (ES = -0.85; 95% CI: 1.71, 0.01, = 0.053). Based on weighted mean difference analysis, CoQ10 supplementation considerably decreased TNF-α (ES = -0.46, 95% CI: 0.65, -0.27; < 0.001), IL-6 (ES = -0.92, 95% CI: 1.40, -0.45; < 0.001), and CRP levels (effect sizes = -0.28, 95% CI: 0.47, -0.09; < 0.001). The results of our meta-analysis supported the alleviating effects of CoQ10 on markers of inflammation cautiously. However, CoQ10 had antioxidant effects regarding the improvement of all the studied antioxidant and oxidative stress biomarkers. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=323861, identifier CRD42022323861.
PubMed: 37614320
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1191290 -
The association of personality traits with childhood obesity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2023A growing body of evidence has revealed an association between personality traits and obesity, but the findings regarding this association among children remain mixed.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
A growing body of evidence has revealed an association between personality traits and obesity, but the findings regarding this association among children remain mixed. The aim of this review was to systematically summarize the literature regarding the associations between personality traits and childhood obesity.
METHODS
The study has been registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022306529). We searched a total of 8 databases up to July 1, 2023, to identify both published studies and grey literature written in English. Personality traits were classified into five dimensions based on the widely used Five-Factor Model. We conducted random effects meta-analyses to quantitatively synthesize the data. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of included studies.
RESULTS
A total of 7 studies were included. The pooled correlation coefficient of 2 studies was -0.09 (95 % CI: -0.17 to 0.00; I = 0 %) and the pooled standardized mean difference of 3 studies was -0.08 (95 % CI: -0.13 to -0.03; I = 66 %), indicating that conscientiousness was negatively associated with childhood obesity. No consistent patterns were found in the associations between the other 4 dimensions of personality traits and BMI/obesity in children.
LIMITATIONS
Our findings should be interpreted with caution due to the exclusion of non-English studies, the limited generalizability to Eastern population, and the scarcity body of evidence for present topic.
CONCLUSIONS
Low conscientiousness has been found to be consistently associated with childhood obesity. Causal associations of personality traits with the risk of childhood obesity remain to be clarified in future studies.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pediatric Obesity; Databases, Factual; Personality
PubMed: 37597783
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.072