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Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020Use of thermoplastic material in orthodontics, either as aligner or as retainer appliances, is common practice and is likely to increase in the years to come. However,... (Review)
Review
Safety Considerations for Thermoplastic-Type Appliances Used as Orthodontic Aligners or Retainers. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical and In-Vitro Research.
Use of thermoplastic material in orthodontics, either as aligner or as retainer appliances, is common practice and is likely to increase in the years to come. However, no systematic assessment on safety considerations of these adjuncts has been implemented up to date. The aim of this systematic review was to collectively appraise the existing evidence from both clinical and laboratory studies, on whether these appliances are associated with any estrogenic/cytotoxic effects or bisphenol-A (BPA) and monomer leaching. Eight electronic databases were searched with no limits in December 22, 2019, for published and unpublished research. Eligibility criteria comprised of studies of any design, describing use of any type of thermoplastic aligner. Study selection, data extraction and risk of bias (RoB) assessment was done independently, either in duplicate or confirmed by a second reviewer. Random effects meta-analyses of weighted mean differences (WMD) with associated 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were planned. Quality of the evidence was evaluated with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). A total of 58 articles were initially identified, while 5 were included in qualitative synthesis and 2 of those contributed to the quantitative syntheses. Four studies were in-vitro, while one was a randomized controlled trial; all assessed some type of orthodontic aligner or retainer, either as-received or retrieved. Risk of bias recordings ranged between unclear and high for all studies. Proliferation induction capacity of thermoplastic appliances' eluents on MCF-7 cells failed to be confirmed compared to beta-estradiol (2 studies: 5% /, WMD: -182.08; 95% CI: -198.83, -165.33; -value < 0.001; and 20% /, WMD: -184.53; 95% CI: -206.17, -162.88; -value < 0.001). No cytotoxic activity was detected as well. In addition, although evidence from in-vitro studies was indicative of no traceable detection of BPA or other monomers, the findings from a single clinical trial were allied to increased levels of BPA in whole stimulated saliva, after up to 30 days of thermoplastic retainer usage, compared to standard Hawley retainer. The quality of the evidence overall was low to medium. Current data from in-vitro research are indicative of an absence of an estrogenic or cytotoxic effect of thermoplastic aligners or retainers. Regarding BPA or monomer release, evidence from clinical and laboratory studies appear inconsistent.
PubMed: 32295303
DOI: 10.3390/ma13081843 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Aug 2019Although studies have elucidated the significant biomedical potential of biogenic metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), it is very important to explore the hazards associated...
A Systematic Review of the Genotoxicity and Antigenotoxicity of Biologically Synthesized Metallic Nanomaterials: Are Green Nanoparticles Safe Enough for Clinical Marketing?
Although studies have elucidated the significant biomedical potential of biogenic metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), it is very important to explore the hazards associated with the use of biogenic MNPs. Evidence indicates that genetic toxicity causes mutation, carcinogenesis, and cell death. Therefore, we systematically review original studies that investigated the genotoxic effect of biologically synthesized MNPs via in vitro and in vivo models. Articles were systematically collected by screening the literature published online in the following databases; Cochrane, Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, ProQuest, and EBSCO. : Most of the studies were carried out on the MCF-7 cancer cell line and phytosynthesis was the general approach to MNP preparation in all studies. Fungi were the second most predominant resource applied for MNP synthesis. A total of 80.57% of the studies synthesized biogenic MNPs with sizes below 50 nm. The genotoxicity of Ag, Au, ZnO, TiO, Se, Cu, Pt, Zn, Ag-Au, CdS, FeO, TbO, and Si-Ag NPs was evaluated. AgNPs, prepared in 68.79% of studies, and AuNPs, prepared in 12.76%, were the two most predominant biogenic MNPs synthesized and evaluated in the included articles. : Although several studies reported the antigenotoxic influence of biogenic MNPs, most of them reported biogenic MNP genotoxicity at specific concentrations and with a dose or time dependence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically evaluate the genotoxicity of biologically synthesized MNPs and provide a valuable summary of genotoxicity data. In conclusion, our study implied that the genotoxicity of biologically synthesized MNPs varies case-by-case and highly dependent on the synthesis parameters, biological source, applied assay, etc. The gathered data are required for the translation of these nanoproducts from research laboratories to the clinical market.
Topics: Humans; Marketing; Metal Nanoparticles; Mutagenicity Tests
PubMed: 31387257
DOI: 10.3390/medicina55080439 -
Current Drug Metabolism 2019Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) are basically the end result of glycation of proteins and/or lipids in the presence of sugars. Specific cases of hyperglycemia...
BACKGROUND
Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) are basically the end result of glycation of proteins and/or lipids in the presence of sugars. Specific cases of hyperglycemia have been reported with increased propensity of generation of AGEs. Many chronic and deadly diseases such as diabetes, cancer and neurodegenerative disorders have been known to be caused as a result of generation of AGEs. The role of glutathione (GSH) metabolism and its intricate association with AGEs have also been well established in breast cancer prognosis and treatment. To understand the etiology, mechanism and production of AGEs along with clinical relevance of Receptors for Advanced Glycation End-products (RAGE) and RAGE ligands, their interplay with GSH is of paramount importance especially in relation to breast cancer.
METHODS
The available literature using PubMed, National Library of Medicine database, Web of Science and SCOPUS indexed, Science Direct and other prestigious journals have been systematically reviewed using the keywords: advanced glycation end-products, breast cancer, glutathione RAGE, and AGEs inhibitors. This narrative review of all the relevant papers with significant citations has led us to have greater insight into the action mechanism and potential therapeutic significance of AGEs inhibitors.
RESULTS
Targeting breast cancer with the specific immunoglobulins and with other therapeutic interventions is needed to inhibit the generation of AGEs and manage glutathione expression, thus having strong implications in the management of breast cancer. Many RAGE ligands such as HMGB1, S100P, S100A8, S100A9 etc. have been known to enhance RAGE expression which may further lead to increased proliferation, migration and metastatic nature of tumor cells. Hence, RAGE and RAGE ligands in a close linkup with GSH may prove to be effective therapeutic markers of severity of breast cancer and for angiogenesis of tumor.
CONCLUSION
This review provides a strong platform to comprehend the etiology, mechanism and production of AGEs and glutathione along with the agents which can block their production, paving a way for the therapeutic intervention and an amicable solution to treat and manage breast cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Glutathione; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
PubMed: 30207227
DOI: 10.2174/1389200219666180912104342 -
Bioscience Trends Jul 2017Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common and generally harmless, but persistent infections can bring health problems like cancer and genital warts. For the... (Review)
Review
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are common and generally harmless, but persistent infections can bring health problems like cancer and genital warts. For the uninfected group, HPV vaccines provide safe and effective protection, but they're type-restricted and expensive. For those infected, so far there have been a handful of treatments for HPV-associated benign or malignant diseases, traditional Chinese medicine being one of them. This systematic review focuses on the application of traditional Chinese medicine in HPV infection and related diseases on the basis of clinical findings. Moreover it covers compositions and mechanisms based on in vitro laboratory methods and animal models. Traditional Chinese medicine improves clinical index in the treatment of cervical cancer and genital warts; the mechanisms behind the effectiveness might be the regulation of cell apoptosis, viral gene transcription and translation, cell signal transduction pathways, and immune function.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Condylomata Acuminata; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; HeLa Cells; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Mice; Papillomavirus Infections; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
PubMed: 28484110
DOI: 10.5582/bst.2017.01056 -
Breast Cancer Research : BCR Aug 2015Several studies have suggested that anti-diabetic insulin analogue treatment might increase cancer risk. The aim of this study was to review the postulated association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Several studies have suggested that anti-diabetic insulin analogue treatment might increase cancer risk. The aim of this study was to review the postulated association between insulin and insulin analogue treatment and breast cancer development, and plausible mechanisms.
METHOD
A systematic literature search was performed on breast cell-line, animal and human studies using the key words 'insulin analogue' and 'breast neoplasia' in MEDLINE at PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science databases. A quantitative and qualitative review was performed on the epidemiological data; due to a limited number of reported estimates, a meta-analysis was performed for glargine only. A comprehensive overview was composed for in vitro and animal studies. Protein and gene expression was analysed for the cell lines most frequently used in the included in vitro studies.
RESULTS
In total 16 in vitro, 5 animal, 2 in vivo human and 29 epidemiological papers were included. Insulin AspB10 showed mitogenic properties in vitro and in animal studies. Glargine was the only clinically available insulin analogue for which an increased proliferative potential was found in breast cancer cell lines. However, the pooled analysis of 13 epidemiological studies did not show evidence for an association between insulin glargine treatment and an increased breast cancer risk (HR 1.04; 95 % CI 0.91-1.17; p=0.49) versus no glargine in patients with diabetes mellitus. It has to be taken into account that the number of animal studies was limited, and epidemiological studies were underpowered and suffered from methodological limitations.
CONCLUSION
There is no compelling evidence that any clinically available insulin analogue (Aspart, Determir, Glargine, Glulisine or Lispro), nor human insulin increases breast cancer risk. Overall, the data suggests that insulin treatment is not involved in breast tumour initiation, but might induce breast tumour progression by up regulating mitogenic signalling pathways.
Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin Glargine; MCF-7 Cells; Risk
PubMed: 26242987
DOI: 10.1186/s13058-015-0611-2 -
PloS One 2015Statins are commonly used against arteriosclerotic disease, but recent retrospective analyses have suggested that statins also prevent cancer. The aim of this systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Statins are commonly used against arteriosclerotic disease, but recent retrospective analyses have suggested that statins also prevent cancer. The aim of this systematic review is to verify the vitro anti-tumor effects of statins on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
METHODS
Studies were gathered by searching Cochrane, MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, and PubMed, up until May 9, 2015, with no time or language restrictions. Only in vitro studies that discuss the effect of statins on head and neck carcinoma were selected.
RESULTS
Of 153 identified papers, 14 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies demonstrated that statins had a significant effect on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and influenced cell viability, cell cycle, cell death, and protein expression levels involved in pathways of carcinogenesis, which corroborates with the potential in vitro anti-tumor effects. It provides highlights about the biological mechanisms of statins used alone or associated with traditional therapy for cancer.
CONCLUSIONS
Though there are few studies on the topic, currently available evidence suggests that statins shows that preclinical experiments supports the potentiality of statin as an adjuvant agent in chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy approaches routinely used in the management of HNSCC and should undergo further clinical assessment.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Cell Line, Tumor; HeLa Cells; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; MCF-7 Cells; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 26098683
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130476