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Psychological Bulletin 2023While there has been an increase in studies investigating the relationship between endogenous oxytocin (OXT) concentrations and human social interactions over the past... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
While there has been an increase in studies investigating the relationship between endogenous oxytocin (OXT) concentrations and human social interactions over the past decades, these studies still seem far from converging, both in methodological terms and in terms of their results. This systematic review and meta-analysis were aimed at a comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of empirical evidence on the relationship between endogenous OXT concentrations and human social interactions by reviewing studies published between 1970 and July 2020 and addressing various related methodological and analytical limitations. Sixty-three studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, and results from 51 studies were pooled in a meta-analysis (n = 3,741 participants). The results indicated that social interaction did not lead to an expected hormonal response in causal designs, either in a pre-post design (g = 0.079) or when comparing experimental conditions with and without social interaction (g = 0.256). However, in correlational designs, the overall mean effect size (ES) of the correlations between indicators of social interaction and OXT concentrations was significantly different from zero (z = 0.137). In both designs, subgroup analyses revealed that studies involving either parent-child interactions, or the utilization of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for OXT analysis, or unrestricted eating, drinking, or exercise before biofluid collection showed significantly higher than zero mean ESs. This review exposes the observed inconsistencies and suggests that standardized, replicable, and reliable approaches to assessing social interaction and measuring OXT concentrations need to be developed to study neurochemical mechanisms of sociality in humans. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Oxytocin; Humans; Social Interaction
PubMed: 38713749
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000402 -
BMC Infectious Diseases May 2024Sepsis is a common syndrome of multiorgan system dysfunction secondary to the dysregulated inflammatory response to infection. The role of pancreatic stone protein (PSP)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Sepsis is a common syndrome of multiorgan system dysfunction secondary to the dysregulated inflammatory response to infection. The role of pancreatic stone protein (PSP) in diagnosing sepsis has been investigated in previous studies. The meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively investigate the diagnostic value of PSP in identifying sepsis.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), were systematically searched. Studies investigating the diagnostic performance of PSP were included. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive Likelihood Ratio (+ LR) and negative Likelihood Ratio (-LR), diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), and area under the curve (AUC) of summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) were calculated.
RESULTS
The sensitivity of PSP was 0.88 (95% CI: 0.77-0.94), and the pooled specificity was 0.78 (95% CI: 0.65-0.87). Pooled + LR, -LR, and DOR were 4.1 (2.3, 7.3), 0.16 (0.07, 0.34), and 26 (7, 98). The AUC value for the SROC of PSP was 0.90 (0.87, 0.92). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, + LR and - LR, and DOR for PSP among neonates were 0.91 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.96), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.58, 0.74), 3.97 (95% CI: 0.53, 29.58), 0.13 (95% CI: 0.02, 1.00), and 31.27 (95% CI: 0.97, 1004.60).
CONCLUSIONS
This study indicates that PSP demonstrated favorable diagnostic accuracy in detecting sepsis. Well-designed studies are warranted to ascertain the value of PSP measurement to guide early empirical antibiotic treatment, particularly in neonates.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Lithostathine; ROC Curve; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sepsis
PubMed: 38711008
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09347-4 -
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery :... May 2024Postesophagectomy anastomotic leakage occurs in up to 16% of patients and is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. The leak severity is determined by the extent of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Postesophagectomy anastomotic leakage occurs in up to 16% of patients and is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. The leak severity is determined by the extent of contamination and the degree of sepsis, both of which are related to the time from onset to treatment. Early prediction based on inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, white blood cell counts, albumin levels, and combined Noble-Underwood (NUn) scores can guide early management. This review aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of these biomarkers.
METHODS
This study was designed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and registered in the PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) database. Two reviewers independently conducted searches across PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Embase. Sources of bias were assessed, and a meta-analysis was performed.
RESULTS
Data from 5348 patients were analyzed, and 13% experienced leakage. The diagnostic accuracy of the serum biomarkers was analyzed, and pooled cutoff values were identified. CRP levels were found to have good diagnostic accuracy on days 2 to 5. The best discrimination was identified on day 2 for a cutoff value < 222 mg/L (area under the curve = 0.824, sensitivity = 81%, specificity = 88%, positive predictive value = 38.6%, and negative predictive value = 98%). A NUn score of >10 on day 4 correlated with poor diagnostic accuracy.
CONCLUSION
The NUn score failed to achieve adequate accuracy. CRP seems to be the only valuable biomarker and is a negative predictor of postesophagectomy leakage. Patients with a CRP concentration of <222 mg/L on day 2 are unlikely to develop a leak, and patients can safely proceed through their enhanced recovery after surgery protocol. Patients with a CRP concentration of <127 mg/L on day 5 can be safely discharged when clinically possible.
Topics: Humans; Anastomotic Leak; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Leukocyte Count; Predictive Value of Tests; Serum Albumin; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
PubMed: 38704210
DOI: 10.1016/j.gassur.2024.02.003 -
Current Obesity Reports May 2024The present study aims to review the existing literature to identify pathophysiological proteins in obesity by conducting a systematic review of proteomics studies.... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The present study aims to review the existing literature to identify pathophysiological proteins in obesity by conducting a systematic review of proteomics studies. Proteomics may reveal the mechanisms of obesity development and clarify the links between obesity and related diseases, improving our comprehension of obesity and its clinical implications.
RECENT FINDINGS
Most of the molecular events implicated in obesity development remain incomplete. Proteomics stands as a powerful tool for elucidating the intricate interactions among proteins in the context of obesity. This methodology has the potential to identify proteins involved in pathological processes and to evaluate changes in protein abundance during obesity development, contributing to the identification of early disease predisposition, monitoring the effectiveness of interventions and improving disease management overall. Despite many non-targeted proteomic studies exploring obesity, a comprehensive and up-to-date systematic review of the molecular events implicated in obesity development is lacking. The lack of such a review presents a significant challenge for researchers trying to interpret the existing literature. This systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and included sixteen human proteomic studies, each of which delineated proteins exhibiting significant alterations in obesity. A total of 41 proteins were reported to be altered in obesity by at least two or more studies. These proteins were involved in metabolic pathways, oxidative stress responses, inflammatory processes, protein folding, coagulation, as well as structure/cytoskeleton. Many of the identified proteomic biomarkers of obesity have also been reported to be dysregulated in obesity-related disease. Among them, seven proteins, which belong to metabolic pathways (aldehyde dehydrogenase and apolipoprotein A1), the chaperone family (albumin, heat shock protein beta 1, protein disulfide-isomerase A3) and oxidative stress and inflammation proteins (catalase and complement C3), could potentially serve as biomarkers for the progression of obesity and the development of comorbidities, contributing to personalized medicine in the field of obesity. Our systematic review in proteomics represents a substantial step forward in unravelling the complexities of protein alterations associated with obesity. It provides valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity, thereby opening avenues for the discovery of potential biomarkers and the development of personalized medicine in obesity.
PubMed: 38703299
DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00561-4 -
Virology Journal May 2024Multiple studies have provided evidence of suboptimal or poor immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Immunologic responses to the third and fourth doses of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines in cell therapy recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Multiple studies have provided evidence of suboptimal or poor immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) cell therapy compared to healthy individuals. Given the dynamic nature of SARS-CoV2, characterized by the emergence of many viral variations throughout the general population, there is ongoing discussion regarding the optimal quantity and frequency of additional doses required to sustain protection against SARS-CoV2 especially in this susceptible population. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the immune responses of HSCT and CAR-T cell therapy recipients to additional doses of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
METHODS
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the study involved a comprehensive search across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase, and Cochrane Biorxiv and medRxiv, focusing on the serological responses to the third and fourth vaccine doses in HSCT and CAR-T cell patients.
RESULTS
This study included 32 papers, with 31 qualifying for the meta-analysis. Results showed that after the third dose, the seroconversion rate in HSCT and CAR-T cell therapy recipients who didn't respond to the second dose was 46.10 and 17.26%, respectively. Following the fourth dose, HSCT patients had a seroconversion rate of 27.23%. Moreover, post-third-dose seropositivity rates were 87.14% for HSCT and 32.96% for CAR-T cell therapy recipients. Additionally, the seropositive response to the fourth dose in the HSCT group was 90.04%.
CONCLUSION
While a significant portion of HSCT recipients developed antibodies after additional vaccinations, only a minority of CAR-T cell therapy patients showed a similar response. This suggests that alternative vaccination strategies are needed to protect these vulnerable groups effectively. Moreover, few studies have reported cellular responses to additional SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in these patients. Further studies evaluating cellular responses are required to determine a more precise assessment of immunogenicity strength against SARS-CoV-2 after additional doses.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19 Vaccines; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Antibodies, Viral; Vaccination; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy
PubMed: 38702752
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02375-1 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... May 2024A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different dietary macronutrient patterns on changes in resting energy... (Review)
Review
A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relative effectiveness of different dietary macronutrient patterns on changes in resting energy expenditure (REE) in relation to weight loss, categorized as minimal (<5%) and moderate to high (>5%). Changes in REE were assessed using a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects meta-analysis. A diet lower in carbohydrates (CHO) or higher in fat and protein was associated with smaller reductions in REE, with these trends being more pronounced among participants who experienced moderate to high weight loss. Adjusted meta-regression analysis indicated that, within the participants who experienced moderate to high weight loss, each 1% increase in CHO intake was associated with a reduction of 2.30 kcal/day in REE (95% CI: -4.11 to -0.47, p = 0.013). In contrast, a 1% increase in protein and fat intake was correlated with an increase in REE by 3.00 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.02, 5.07], p = 0.003) and 0.5 (95% CI [-2.43, 3.41], p = 0.740) kcal/day, respectively. No significant associations were found among participants who experienced minimal weight loss. These findings indicate that, under a caloric deficit, the impact of dietary macronutrient composition on REE may vary depending on the degree of weight loss and individual metabolic responses.
PubMed: 38697953
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13760 -
Physiology & Behavior Jul 2024Postural change from supine or sitting to standing up leads to displacement of 300 to 1000 mL of blood from the central parts of the body to the lower limb, which causes... (Review)
Review
Postural change from supine or sitting to standing up leads to displacement of 300 to 1000 mL of blood from the central parts of the body to the lower limb, which causes a decrease in venous return to the heart, hence decrease in cardiac output, causing a drop in blood pressure. This may lead to falling down, syncope, and in general reducing the quality of daily activities, especially in the elderly and anyone suffering from nervous system disorders such as Parkinson's or orthostatic hypotension (OH). Among different modalities to study brain function, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is a neuroimaging method that optically measures the hemodynamic response in brain tissue. Concentration changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb) are associated with brain neural activity. fNIRS is significantly more tolerant to motion artifacts compared to fMRI, PET, and EEG. At the same time, it is portable, has a simple structure and usage, is safer, and much more economical. In this article, we systematically reviewed the literature to examine the history of using fNIRS in monitoring brain oxygenation changes caused by sudden changes in body position and its relationship with the blood pressure changes. First, the theory behind brain hemodynamics monitoring using fNIRS and its advantages and disadvantages are presented. Then, a study of blood pressure variations as a result of postural changes using fNIRS is described. It is observed that only 58 % of the references concluded a positive correlation between brain oxygenation changes and blood pressure changes. At the same time, 3 % showed a negative correlation, and 39 % did not show any correlation between them.
Topics: Humans; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Brain; Blood Pressure; Posture; Hemodynamics
PubMed: 38697274
DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114574 -
Journal of Sports Sciences Mar 2024Stair climbing exercise (SE) provides a feasible approach to elevate physical activity, but the effects on metabolic health are unclear. We systematically reviewed the... (Review)
Review
Stair climbing exercise (SE) provides a feasible approach to elevate physical activity, but the effects on metabolic health are unclear. We systematically reviewed the currently available evidence on the effects of SE on fasting and postprandial glycaemia and lipidaemia. Studies were included if they investigated the effects of acute or chronic (at least 2 weeks) SE on fasting and/or postprandial glycaemic (insulin and glucose) and lipidaemic (triacylglycerols and non-esterified fatty acids) responses in healthy, prediabetic or type 2 diabetic adult populations. PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus were searched for eligible studies until July 2022. A total of 25 studies (14 acute and 11 chronic) were eligible for review. Acute bout(s) of SE can reduce postprandial glycaemia in individuals with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (8 of 9 studies), but not in normoglycemic individuals. The effects of acute SE on postprandial lipidaemic responses and SE training on both fasting and postprandial glycaemia/lipidaemia were unclear. Acute SE may reduce postprandial glucose concentrations in people with impaired glycaemic control, but high-quality studies are needed. More studies are needed to determine the effect of chronic SE training on postprandial glucose and lipid responses, and the acute effects of SE on lipid responses.
Topics: Humans; Postprandial Period; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Stair Climbing; Fasting; Prediabetic State; Insulin; Triglycerides; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Lipids
PubMed: 38695325
DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2024.2345414 -
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy Jul 2024Neoadjuvant treatment for hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer is controversial and requires a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND
Neoadjuvant treatment for hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HR+/HER2-) breast cancer is controversial and requires a comprehensive analysis for optimal therapy assessment. Therefore, a two-step Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of different neoadjuvant regimens.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Phase II/III randomized clinical trials comparing various neoadjuvant therapies for HR+/HER2- breast cancer were included. NMA and pairwise meta-analyses were conducted using Stata (version 14), R (version 4.2.3), and Review Manager 5.4.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight studies (5,625 patients) were eligible. NMA of objective response rate (ORR) indicated the highest SUCRA for chemotherapy (CT) and chemotherapy with anthracycline (CT(A)). Pathologic complete response (PCR) NMA demonstrated significant PCR improvement with chemotherapy regimens containing programmed cell death protein-1 and programmed cell death ligand-1 inhibitors (PD-1i/PD-L1i) and poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi). Combined analysis considering both the ORR and safety highlighted CT(A)'s efficacy and toxicity balance.
CONCLUSIONS
CT(A) and CT showed improved ORR compared with alternative regimens. CT(A) combined with PD-1/PD-L1 or PARP inhibitors significantly increased PCR rates. Comprehensive assessment of both ORR and safety indicated that CT(A) represents an optimal neoadjuvant therapy for HR+/HER2- breast cancer, whereas AI + CDK4/6 inhibitors rank solely behind chemotherapy.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO Registration: CRD42024538948. International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (INPLASY) registration number INPLASY202440092.
Topics: Humans; Female; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Bayes Theorem; Breast Neoplasms; Network Meta-Analysis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Receptor, ErbB-2; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
PubMed: 38693054
DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2350105 -
International Journal of Cancer Aug 2024Low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour have been clearly linked with colorectal cancer development, yet data on their potential role in colorectal cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Post-diagnosis physical activity and sedentary behaviour and colorectal cancer prognosis: A Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
Low physical activity and high sedentary behaviour have been clearly linked with colorectal cancer development, yet data on their potential role in colorectal cancer survival is limited. Better characterisation of these relationships is needed for the development of post-diagnosis physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidance for colorectal cancer survivors. We searched PubMed and Embase through 28 February 2022 for studies assessing post-diagnosis physical activity, and/or sedentary behaviour in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality and recurrence after colorectal cancer diagnosis. Total and recreational physical activity were assessed overall and by frequency, duration, intensity, and volume using categorical, linear, and non-linear dose-response random-effects meta-analyses. The Global Cancer Update Programme (CUP Global) independent Expert Committee on Cancer Survivorship and Expert Panel interpreted and graded the likelihood of causality. We identified 16 observational studies on 82,220 non-overlapping patients from six countries. Physical activity was consistently inversely associated with colorectal cancer morbidity and mortality outcomes, with 13%-60% estimated reductions in risk. Sedentary behaviour was positively associated with all-cause mortality. The evidence had methodological limitations including potential confounding, selection bias and reverse causation, coupled with a limited number of studies for most associations. The CUP Global Expert panel concluded limited-suggestive evidence for recreational physical activity with all-cause mortality and cancer recurrence. Total physical activity and its specific domains and dimensions, and sedentary behaviour were all graded as limited-no conclusion for all outcomes. Future research should focus on randomised trials, while observational studies should obtain objective and repeated physical activity measures and better adjustment for confounders.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Exercise; Sedentary Behavior; Prognosis; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38692650
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34903