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Helicobacter 2024Current global variations exist in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication regimens. Triple therapy (TT), bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT), and high-dose dual...
Current global variations exist in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication regimens. Triple therapy (TT), bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT), and high-dose dual therapy (HDDT) currently represent the predominant regimens. These regimens diverge in terms of treatment duration, the utilization of susceptibility testing, acid-inhibiting drug administration, and patient education. We conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review on these H. pylori treatment regimens. Our review aims to provide standardized treatment recommendations for H. pylori, reducing the risk of amalgamating findings from diverse eradication regimens. Recent research suggests that the optimal treatment duration for TT and BQT may be 14 and 10 days, respectively. Selecting the appropriate treatment duration for HDDT should rely on regional research evidence, and 14 days may be the optimal duration. The incorporation of susceptibility testing in TT is of paramount importance. In the case of BQT, the absence of susceptibility testing may be considered as an option, contingent upon cost and availability, and should be determined based on local antibiotic resistance patterns and the efficacy of empirical regimens. The type and dosage of acid-inhibiting drug would affect the efficacy of these regimens. Acid-inhibiting drugs should be selected and applied reasonably according to the population and therapies. Adequate patient education plays a pivotal role in the eradication of H. pylori. In regions with accessible local research evidence, the 10-day empirical BQT regimen may be considered a preferred choice for H. pylori eradication.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bismuth; Drug Therapy, Combination; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Proton Pump Inhibitors
PubMed: 38716864
DOI: 10.1111/hel.13048 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 2024Nanotechnology is constantly advancing in dental science, progressing several features aimed at improving dental implants. An alternative for surface treatment of dental... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
Nanotechnology is constantly advancing in dental science, progressing several features aimed at improving dental implants. An alternative for surface treatment of dental implants is electrochemical anodization, which may generate a nanotubular surface (TiO nanotubes) with antibacterial potential and osteoinductive features. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to elucidate the possible antibacterial properties of the surface in question compared to the untreated titanium surface.
SOURCES
For that purpose, was performed a systematic search on the bases PubMed, Lilacs, Embase, Web Of Science, Cinahl, and Cochrane Central, as well as, manual searches and gray literature.
STUDY SELECTION
The searches resulted in 742 articles, of which 156 followed for full-text reading. Then, 37 were included in the systematic review and 8 were included in meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies revealed significant antibacterial protection using TiO nanotube surfaces, while 15 studies found no statistical difference between control and nanotextured surfaces. Meta-analysis of in vitro studies demonstrated relevant bacterial reduction only for studies investigating Staphylococcus aureus in a period of 6 h. Meta-analysis of in vivo studies revealed three times lower bacterial adhesion and proliferation on TiO nanotube surfaces.
CONCLUSIONS
TiO nanotube topography as a surface for dental implants in preclinical research has demonstrated a positive relationship with antibacterial properties, nevertheless, factors such as anodization protocols, bacteria strains, and mono-culture methods should be taken into consideration, consequently, further studies are necessary to promote clinical translatability.
Topics: Titanium; Nanotubes; Dental Implants; Surface Properties; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Adhesion; Humans; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 38714394
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.04.009 -
Journal of Applied Biomaterials &... 2024Despite the development of implant-supported prostheses, there are still patients for whom conservative treatments such as resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs)... (Review)
Review
Despite the development of implant-supported prostheses, there are still patients for whom conservative treatments such as resin-bonded fixed dental prostheses (RBFDPs) are more appropriate. This study's objective was to analyze the available research on full-ceramic RBFDPs. In this study, Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles published in English between 2010 and 2020. A total of 14 studies were reviewed based on the eligibility criteria. The results showed that using a cantilever design with one abutment had an advantage over two abutments. Additionally, it was proposed that preparations designed with retentive aids, such as a proximal box, groove, and pinhole, could improve RBFDP survival rates. IPS e.max ZirCAD, In-Ceram alumina, and zirconia CAD/CAM were the most commonly used framework materials. Most studies used air abrasion, salinization, or hydrofluoric acid for surface treatment. Adhesive resin cements were the most frequently used type of cement. The survival rate of In-Ceram ceramics (85.3%-94.8%) was lower than that of In-Ceram zirconia and IPS e.max ZirCAD. Debonding, followed by framework fracture, was the leading cause of failure. Following 3-10 years follow-up, the survival percentage of all-ceramic RBFDPs ranged from 76% to 100%. Although RBFDPs have demonstrated satisfactory success as a conservative treatment, long-term follow-ups and higher sample sizes in clinical research are required to gain more reliable outcomes on the clinical success rate of various RBFDP designs.
Topics: Humans; Ceramics; Resin Cements; Dental Porcelain; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Denture, Partial, Fixed, Resin-Bonded; Zirconium
PubMed: 38706266
DOI: 10.1177/22808000241250118 -
Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of... May 2024It is estimated that cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The primary or secondary cause of cancer-related mortality for women is breast cancer. The... (Review)
Review
It is estimated that cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. The primary or secondary cause of cancer-related mortality for women is breast cancer. The main treatment method for different types of cancer is chemotherapy with drugs. Because of less water solubility of chemotherapy drugs or their inability to pass through membranes, their body absorbs them inadequately, which lowers the treatment's effectiveness. Drug specificity and pharmacokinetics can be changed by nanotechnology using nanoparticles. Instead, targeted drug delivery allows medications to be delivered to the targeted sites. In this review, we focused on nanoparticles as carriers in targeted drug delivery, their characteristics, structure, and the previous studies related to breast cancer. It was shown that nanoparticles could reduce the negative effects of chemotherapy drugs while increasing their effectiveness. Lipid-based nanocarriers demonstrated notable results in this instance, and some products that are undergoing various stages of clinical trials are among the examples. Nanoparticles based on metal or polymers demonstrated a comparable level of efficacy. With the number of cancer cases rising globally, many researchers are now looking into novel treatment approaches, particularly the use of nanotechnology and nanoparticles in the treatment of cancer. In order to help clinicians, this article aimed to gather more information about various areas of nanoparticle application in breast cancer therapy, such as modifying their synthesis and physicochemical characterization. It also sought to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between nanoparticles and biologically normal or infected tissues.
PubMed: 38700795
DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03082-y -
BMC Geriatrics May 2024The association between vitamin D supplementation and the risk of falls in older adults has been controversial. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The association between vitamin D supplementation and the risk of falls in older adults has been controversial. This systematic review and network meta-analysis aims to assess the efficacy of vitamin D, calcium, and combined supplementation in the prevention of falls.
METHODS
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the efficacy of vitamin D in fall prevention were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception to May 9, 2023. The network meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model in R4.1.3 and Stata15.0. Heterogeneity was evaluated by the I statistic, and publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Begg's test, and Egger's tests. Data were pooled and expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS
A total of 35 RCTs involving 58,937 participants were included in this study, among which 11 RCTs (31.4%) applied calcium combined with vitamin D. There was low heterogeneity (I = 11%) among the included studies. Vitamin D supplementation at 800-1000 International Unit (IU)/d resulted in a lower risk of falls than placebo or no treatment (RR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.74-0.95). In addition, 800-1000 IU/d of vitamin D with or without calcium were more effective in preventing falls than calcium alone. High-dose vitamin D (> 1000 IU/day) increased the risk of falls compared with 800-1000 IU/d of vitamin D. According to the subgroup analysis, daily administration of 800-1000 IU/d vitamin D was associated with a 22% reduction in the risk of falls (RR = 0.78, 95%CI:0.64-0.92), whereas intermittent vitamin D administration had no preventive effect. Furthermore, 800-1000 IU/d of vitamin D also significantly decreased the risk of falls in old adults with ≤ 50 nmol/L 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (RR = 0.69, 95%CI:0.52-0.86) but not in individuals with > 50 nmol/L 25(OH)D.
CONCLUSION
Vitamin D supplementation at 800-1000 IU/d is associated with a lower risk of falls among older adults. 800-1000IU/d of vitamin D has a benefit on prevention of falls in population received daily dose regimens and in population with vitamin D deficiency.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Humans; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements; Network Meta-Analysis; Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Calcium; Vitamins
PubMed: 38698349
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-05009-x -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jul 2024Biochar is widely accepted as a green and effective amendment for remediating heavy metals (HMs) contaminated soil, but its long-term efficiency and safety changes with... (Review)
Review
Biochar is widely accepted as a green and effective amendment for remediating heavy metals (HMs) contaminated soil, but its long-term efficiency and safety changes with biochar aging in fields. Currently, some reviews have qualitatively summarized biochar aging methods and mechanisms, aginginduced changes in biochar properties, and often ignored the potential eco-environmental risk during biochar aging process. Therefore, this review systematically summarizes the study methods of biochar aging, quantitatively compares the effects of different biochar aging process on its properties, and discusses the potential eco-environmental risk due to biochar aging in HMs contaminated soil. At present, various artificial aging methods (physical aging, chemical aging and biological aging) rather than natural field aging have been applied to study the changes of biochar's properties. Generally, biochar aging increases specific surface area (SSA), pore volume (PV), surface oxygen-containing functional group (OFGs) and O content, while decreases pH, ash, H, C and N content. Chemical aging method has a greater effect on the properties of biochar than other aging methods. In addition, biochar aging may lead to HMs remobilization and produce new types of pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) and colloidal/nano biochar particles, which consequently bring secondary eco-environmental risk. Finally, future research directions are suggested to establish a more accurate assessment method and model on biochar aging behavior and evaluate the environmental safety of aged biochar, in order to promote its wider application for remediating HMs contaminated soil.
Topics: Charcoal; Soil Pollutants; Metals, Heavy; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Soil; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 38696956
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134345 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Aug 2024Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged non-healing, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Oral formulas may enhance the wound healing process and... (Review)
Review
Chronic wounds are characterized by prolonged non-healing, significantly affecting patients' quality of life. Oral formulas may enhance the wound healing process and contribute to cost reduction in care. This review aimed to evaluate the effects of oral nutritional supplementation on chronic wound healing and provide insights into formula characteristics. A comprehensive search across Cinahl, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases yielded nine studies from the past decade involving 741 patients ages 52 to 81.7 across various care settings: hospitals, long-term care facilities, and home care. Primary wound types included pressure injuries (58%), diabetic foot ulcers (40%), and venous ulcers (2%). The intervention duration ranged from 2 to 16 wk, with sample sizes varying from 24 to 270 patients. Notably, four studies reported a reduction in wound area and an increased healing rate with a hypercaloric, hyperproteic formula enriched with zinc and vitamins A, C, and E. However, two studies found no significant differences compared with control groups. Two other studies investigated a combination of arginine, glutamine, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate; however, they did not yield significant results, and one study favored a hyperproteic formula instead of a hyperproteic formula with arginine. This review provides evidence supporting the potential of oral nutritional supplementation to enhance the healing process of chronic wounds. Based on our findings, a desirable formula should be characterized by a high calorie and protein content and the inclusion of antioxidant micronutrients, including, but not limited to, vitamins A, E, C, and zinc.
Topics: Humans; Wound Healing; Dietary Supplements; Pressure Ulcer; Chronic Disease; Diabetic Foot; Zinc; Varicose Ulcer; Aged; Arginine; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Valerates; Vitamin A; Glutamine; Vitamin E; Ascorbic Acid; Female; Vitamins; Male; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 38696907
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2024.112449 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2024The toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium via the inhalation route is well established. However, a scientific debate has arisen about the potential effects... (Review)
Review
The toxicity and carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium via the inhalation route is well established. However, a scientific debate has arisen about the potential effects of oral exposure to chromium on human health. Epidemiological studies evaluating the connection between ingested chromium and adverse health effects on the general population are limited. In recent years, a wealth of biomonitoring studies has emerged evaluating the associations between chromium levels in body fluids and tissues and health outcomes. This systematic review brings together epidemiological and biomonitoring evidence published over the past decade on the health effects of the general population related to oral exposure to chromium. In total, 65 studies were reviewed. There appears to be an inverse association between prenatal chromium exposure and normal fetal development. In adults, parameters of oxidative stress and biochemical alterations increase in response to chromium exposure, while effects on normal renal function are conflicting. Risks of urothelial carcinomas cannot be overlooked. However, findings regarding internal chromium concentrations and abnormalities in various tissues and systems are, in most cases, controversial. Environmental monitoring together with large cohort studies and biomonitoring with multiple biomarkers could fill the scientific gap.
Topics: Humans; Chromium; Environmental Exposure; Female; Pregnancy; Administration, Oral
PubMed: 38673319
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040406 -
Toxics Apr 2024Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease... (Review)
Review
Biomonitoring of human populations exposed to chemical substances that can act as potential mutagens or carcinogens, may enable the detection of damage and early disease prevention. In recent years, the comet assay has become an important tool for assessing DNA damage, both in environmental and occupational exposure contexts. To evidence the role of the comet assay in human biomonitoring, we have analysed original research studies of environmental or occupational exposure that used the comet assay in their assessments, following the PRISMA-ScR method (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews). Groups of chemicals were designated according to a broad classification, and the results obtained from over 300 original studies (n = 123 on air pollutants, n = 14 on anaesthetics, n = 18 on antineoplastic drugs, n = 57 on heavy metals, n = 59 on pesticides, and n = 49 on solvents) showed overall higher values of DNA strand breaks in the exposed subjects in comparison with the unexposed. In summary, our systematic scoping review strengthens the relevance of the use of the comet assay in assessing DNA damage in human biomonitoring studies.
PubMed: 38668493
DOI: 10.3390/toxics12040270 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Jun 2024Introduction: early exposure to cadmium toxic metal has been suggested to be associated with reduced infants/children growth; nevertheless, the available evidence is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Introduction: early exposure to cadmium toxic metal has been suggested to be associated with reduced infants/children growth; nevertheless, the available evidence is contradictory. Objective: this meta-analysis aimed to examine the association of cadmium exposure through biological samples to growth measurements of infants/children, including body weight, height, body mass index (BMI), BMI-for-age (BMI Z-score), weight-for-age (WAZ), height-for-age (HAZ), and weight-for-height (WHZ) z-scores. Methods: a systematic search in PubMed and Scopus was implemented to obtain the related studies. The standardized beta coefficients (β) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were used as effect sizes to test the associations using the random effects analysis. Results: a total of 15 studies with 6,181 participants were included in the meta-analysis. In the overall analysis, pooled analysis of available data revealed that cadmium exposure was inversely linked to height (β = -0.06, 95 % CI = -0.12 to -0.01) and WAZ (β = -0.01, 95 % CI = -0.02 to -0.003). These relationships were also supported by prospective cohort studies and urinary cadmium exposure. In the stratified analysis, cadmium exposure was negatively linked to the weight of children in prospective cohort studies, in studies that assessed urinary cadmium exposure. No significant association was detected between cadmium exposure and BMI, BMI Z-score, WHZ, and HAZ in the overall and subgroup analyses. Conclusions: this meta-analysis emphasized the importance of cadmium exposure as a risk factor for growth failure in infants/children.
Topics: Humans; Cadmium; Child; Infant; Child, Preschool; Growth Disorders; Metals, Heavy; Body Mass Index; Body Height; Body Weight
PubMed: 38666332
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04965