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Appetite Aug 2024Eating behaviour that does not centralise weight, otherwise known as weight-neutral, is associated with improved physical and psychological health, and greater health... (Review)
Review
Eating behaviour that does not centralise weight, otherwise known as weight-neutral, is associated with improved physical and psychological health, and greater health promoting behaviours. However, consolidated evidence is lacking. This study aimed to systematically evaluate 'health-centric' eating behaviour reflective of weight-neutral approaches, and their relationship with health (physical and mental) and health promoting behaviours. A systematic search was performed, identifying observational studies with adult populations, ≥1 physical/mental health outcome(s), and ≥1 validated measure(s) of health-centric eating behaviour. Study design, sample characteristics and outcomes were extracted and characterised into four domains. Our search identified 8281 records, with 86 studies, 75 unique datasets, and 78 unique exposures including 94,710 individuals. Eating behaviours included intuitive eating (n = 48), mindful eating (n = 19), and eating competence (n = 11). There were 298 outcomes identified for body composition, size, and physical health (n = 116), mental health and wellbeing (n = 123), health promoting behaviours (n = 51) and other eating behaviour (n = 8). Higher levels of intuitive eating, mindful eating and eating competence were significantly related to a lower BMI, better diet quality and greater physical activity. Higher intuitive and mindful eating were significantly related to lower levels of disordered eating, and depressive symptoms, and greater body image, self-compassion, and mindfulness. Greater eating competence and intuitive eating were significantly related to higher fruit and vegetable intake, and greater eating competence to higher fibre intake and better sleep quality. Our results demonstrate that 'health-centric' eating behaviours are related to a range of favourable health outcomes and engagement in health promoting behaviours. These findings help to enhance our understanding of eating behaviours that do not centre around body weight, providing support for health-centric eating behaviour in healthcare. Future research should focus on intervention studies and more diverse population groups.
Topics: Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Feeding Behavior; Adult; Female; Health Behavior; Male; Middle Aged; Mental Health; Diet, Healthy; Exercise; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Diet; Mindfulness; Body Composition; Young Adult; Health Status; Aged
PubMed: 38643903
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107361 -
BMC Psychology Apr 2024The person-centered care (PCC) approach plays a fundamental role in ensuring quality healthcare. The Person-Centered Care Assessment Tool (P-CAT) is one of the shortest...
BACKGROUND
The person-centered care (PCC) approach plays a fundamental role in ensuring quality healthcare. The Person-Centered Care Assessment Tool (P-CAT) is one of the shortest and simplest tools currently available for measuring PCC. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the evidence in validation studies of the P-CAT, taking the "Standards" as a frame of reference.
METHODS
First, a systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA method. Second, a systematic descriptive literature review of validity tests was conducted following the "Standards" framework. The search strategy and information sources were obtained from the Cochrane, Web of Science (WoS), Scopus and PubMed databases. With regard to the eligibility criteria and selection process, a protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022335866), and articles had to meet criteria for inclusion in the systematic review.
RESULTS
A total of seven articles were included. Empirical evidence indicates that these validations offer a high number of sources related to test content, internal structure for dimensionality and internal consistency. A moderate number of sources pertain to internal structure in terms of test-retest reliability and the relationship with other variables. There is little evidence of response processes, internal structure in measurement invariance terms, and test consequences.
DISCUSSION
The various validations of the P-CAT are not framed in a structured, valid, theory-based procedural framework like the "Standards" are. This can affect clinical practice because people's health may depend on it. The findings of this study show that validation studies continue to focus on the types of validity traditionally studied and overlook interpretation of the scores in terms of their intended use.
Topics: Humans; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Quality of Health Care; Patient-Centered Care; Delivery of Health Care
PubMed: 38641852
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01716-7 -
Geriatric Nursing (New York, N.Y.) 2024This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness, acceptability, and sustainability of non-pharmacological pain management interventions for older adults in...
The effectiveness, acceptability, and sustainability of non-pharmacological interventions for chronic pain management in older adults in mainland China: A systematic review.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aims to assess the effectiveness, acceptability, and sustainability of non-pharmacological pain management interventions for older adults in mainland China.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Articles searching was conducted across six databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFangdata. Quality appraisal was performed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool.
RESULTS
A total of 26 articles met the inclusion criteria, involving 2,197 participants with a mean age of 69.19 years. The participants' ages ranged from 63.85 to 81.75 years. The evaluated non-pharmacological interventions included psychotherapy, acupuncture, exercise, massage, neurotherapy, and multidisciplinary interventions. The overall changes in pain intensity varied from -5.19 to -0.65 on a numeric rating scale ranging from zero to ten.
CONCLUSIONS
Non-pharmacological interventions proved effective in alleviating pain intensity among older adults in mainland China. The findings suggest that mindfulness, exercise and pain education can be promoted as viable strategies for enhancing the well-being of the elderly population.
Topics: Humans; China; Pain Management; Chronic Pain; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Middle Aged
PubMed: 38640646
DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.04.008 -
Psychiatry Research Jun 2024Interoception is defined as the sense of the internal state of the body. Dysfunctions in interoception are found in several mental disorders, including trauma-related... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effects of mindfulness-based interventions on symptoms and interoception in trauma-related disorders and exposure to traumatic events: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Interoception is defined as the sense of the internal state of the body. Dysfunctions in interoception are found in several mental disorders, including trauma-related conditions. Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) have been shown to influence interoceptive processes. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated whether MBIs impact symptoms and interoception in patients with trauma-related disorders. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize these data. We included RCTs with an MBI arm which enrolled adult patients with trauma related-disorders or exposure to a traumatic experience, and addressed changes in interoception and trauma-related symptoms. A random-effects multivariate meta-analytic model was performed to quantify group differences in score change from baseline to follow-up. Twelve studies were included in the systematic review, and eleven in the meta-analysis. Overall, MBIs showed small to moderate positive effects on both interoception and symptoms. Despite a high heterogeneity in results, sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings. We conclude that the efficacy of MBIs on trauma-related symptoms and interoception is supported by randomised evidence. However, further research is needed to understand whether changes in interoception might underpin the effectiveness of MBIs in trauma-related disorders.
Topics: Humans; Mindfulness; Interoception; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 38636333
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115897 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Apr 2024To systematically review the types of spiritual interventions available for colorectal cancer survivors and determine if they improve their lives. (Review)
Review
AIM
To systematically review the types of spiritual interventions available for colorectal cancer survivors and determine if they improve their lives.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
DATA SOURCE
A thorough literature search was conducted in July 2023 using PRIMO, PubMed/Medline, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and EMBASE.
REVIEW METHODS
As an extension of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) checklist, the Synthesis Without Meta-Analysis reporting guideline was employed. A narrative synthesis was used to analyse the data.
RESULTS
Thirty-five articles were analysed for this study. The findings suggest that psychoeducational intervention, cognitive behavioural therapy intervention, mindfulness intervention, social intervention, and spiritual counselling improved CRC survivor's coping skills, boosted self-esteem, lessened anxiety, instilled hope, enhanced daily functioning, improved survival rates, improved neurological functional status and quality of life (QoL).
CONCLUSION
There is proof that spiritual interventions help CRC patients and improve their QoL. It has been discovered that spiritual intervention is helpful in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of CRC conditions.
IMPACT
CRC survivors may have impairments in their physical ability and daily functioning as a result of many symptoms, such as pain, bowel dysfunction, and exhaustion. Furthermore, individuals may encounter difficulties in several aspects of their psychological, emotional, social, and role functioning due to the presence of dread symptoms. Therefore, these study will help CRC survivors To implement spiritual interventions in the management of their long-term care. To cultivate problem-solving abilities, foster self-assurance, and enhance self-awareness. To alleviate symptoms, enhance everyday functioning, and improve QoL.
NO INDUCEMENT
No financial incentives were used to compensate patients or members of the public for this review.
PubMed: 38632872
DOI: 10.1111/jan.16196 -
Journal of Integrative and... Apr 2024Due to the limited role of chronic pain medication in military personnel and the distress caused to the military population, mindfulness-based therapy has been... (Review)
Review
Due to the limited role of chronic pain medication in military personnel and the distress caused to the military population, mindfulness-based therapy has been considered for the follow-up treatment of military personnel with chronic pain. The purpose of this review is to explore the effect and the implementation of mindfulness-based therapy for the military population with chronic pain. The keywords for the search included "mindfulness" AND ("pain" OR "chronic pain") AND ("military" OR "veteran"). The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to independently assess the risk of bias of the included randomized controlled trials, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to independently assess the risk of bias of the included case-control studies. A total of 175 papers were identified; 65 duplicates were excluded, and 59 papers that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded after reading the titles and abstracts. The remaining 51 papers were read in full, 42 of which did not meet the inclusion criteria. Nine papers met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The nine studies included 507 veterans and 56 active-duty female military personnel. All pain interventions were mindfulness-based therapy, and all of them were integrated into or adapted from standard mindfulness courses. The results all showed that after mindfulness-based therapy, the relevant indicators improved. Mindfulness-based therapy is an effective treatment method for the military population with chronic pain. The review indicates that future research should focus on the best setting for mindfulness-based therapy, including the course content and time.
PubMed: 38629676
DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0343 -
Cancer Nursing Apr 2024Fear of cancer recurrence is one of the psychological distresses that seriously affects the quality of life of breast cancer patients. However, the evidence for...
BACKGROUND
Fear of cancer recurrence is one of the psychological distresses that seriously affects the quality of life of breast cancer patients. However, the evidence for cognitive behavioral therapy on fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer is limited.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in reducing breast cancer patients' fear of cancer recurrence.
METHODS
Seven databases were searched for randomized controlled studies on cognitive behavioral therapy for fear of cancer recurrence in cancer patients from the inception of the database to April 30, 2023, with no language restrictions. Meta-analysis was performed using Stata MP 17. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool version 2 was used to assess the quality of the included studies. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation method.
RESULTS
This review includes a total of 13 randomized controlled trials with 1447 breast cancer patients and survivors. When compared with controls, meta-analysis revealed that cognitive behavioral therapy significantly reduced the fear of cancer recurrence (g = -0.44; 95% confidence interval, -0.75 to -0.13; P < .001), whereas subgroup analysis revealed that only mindfulness-based cognitive therapy was significant. The overall risk of bias was high. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment showed a low overall quality of evidence.
CONCLUSIONS
Cognitive behavioral therapy may be effective in reducing fear of cancer recurrence in breast cancer patients, and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is particularly worthy of implementation.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy may be used as an additional strategy to help manage breast cancer patients' fears of cancer recurrence.
PubMed: 38625783
DOI: 10.1097/NCC.0000000000001356 -
Npj Mental Health Research Mar 2024Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for various psychological conditions, and smartphone apps that facilitate mindfulness... (Review)
Review
Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for various psychological conditions, and smartphone apps that facilitate mindfulness practice can enhance the reach and impact of MBIs. The goal of this review was to summarize the published evidence on the impact of mindfulness apps on the psychological processes known to mediate transdiagnostic symptom reduction after mindfulness practice. A literature search from January 1, 1993, to August 7, 2023 was conducted on three databases, and 28 randomized controlled trials involving 5963 adults were included. Across these 28 studies, 67 outcome comparisons were made between a mindfulness app group and a control group. Between-group effects tended to favor the mindfulness app group over the control group in three psychological process domains: repetitive negative thinking, attention regulation, and decentering/defusion. Findings were mixed in other domains (i.e., awareness, nonreactivity, non-judgment, positive affect, and acceptance). The range of populations examined, methodological concerns across studies, and problems with sustained app engagement likely contributed to mixed findings. However, effect sizes tended to be moderate to large when effects were found, and gains tended to persist at follow-up assessments two to six months later. More research is needed to better understand the impact of these apps on psychological processes of change. Clinicians interested in integrating apps into care should consider app-related factors beyond evidence of a clinical foundation and use app databases to identify suitable apps for their patients, as highlighted at the end of this review.
PubMed: 38609511
DOI: 10.1038/s44184-023-00048-5 -
International Journal of Sexual Health... 2023To review randomized clinical trials on Body Practices (BP) and Physical Exercise (PE) in menopausal women and describe their effect on sexual function.
OBJECTIVE
To review randomized clinical trials on Body Practices (BP) and Physical Exercise (PE) in menopausal women and describe their effect on sexual function.
METHODS
Searches carried out electronically in five databases, with a temporal criterion of 10 years of publication, from August to September 2022. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the Cochrane collaboration scale and PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database Physiotherapy Evidence Database) scale score.
RESULTS
The majority of the studies presented a "'low" or "'uncertain" risk of bias. The instruments for assessing sexual function were heterogeneous. Interventions included mindfulness, relaxation hypnosis, Kegel exercises, yoga, and aerobic exercise, and generally lasted 12 weeks. Seven studies were included, of which six made up the meta-analysis, showing high heterogeneity ( = 94.2%; < 0.0001). The analysis of subgroups with BP showed high heterogeneity ( = 94.2%; < 0.01); interventions with PE presented more favorable results ( = 0%; 0; = 0.90); the sexual function instruments showed high heterogeneity ( = 90%; < 0.01); and instruments of quality of life and menopausal symptoms with domains of sexual function presented favorable results for BP and PE ( = 0%; = 0.63). The funnel chart presents the studies in a dispersed manner, which implies publication bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Interventions with PE proved to be more efficient compared to BP, however, there are a low number of studies with PE, and those found are limited to aerobic training, without sufficient data on intensity, volume, and frequency. Further studies with PE are needed for the treatment of sexual function symptoms in order to more comprehensively describe their effect.
PubMed: 38601725
DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2220327 -
BJS Open Mar 2024Hospitalized patients experience sleep disruption with consequential physiological and psychological effects. Surgical patients are particularly at risk due to surgical...
Non-pharmacological interventions to improve sleep quality and quantity for hospitalized adult patients-co-produced study with surgical patient partners: systematic review.
BACKGROUND
Hospitalized patients experience sleep disruption with consequential physiological and psychological effects. Surgical patients are particularly at risk due to surgical stress and postoperative pain. This systematic review aimed to identify non-pharmacological interventions for improving sleep and exploring their effects on sleep-related and clinical outcomes.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines and was preregistered on the Open Science Framework (doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/EA6BN) and last updated in November 2023. Studies that evaluated non-pharmacological interventions for hospitalized, adult patients were included. Thematic content analysis was performed to identify hypothesized mechanisms of action and modes of administration, in collaboration with a patient partner. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane Risk Of Bias (ROB) or Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies - of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tools.
RESULTS
A total of 59 eligible studies and data from 14 035 patients were included; 28 (47.5%) were randomized trials and 26 included surgical patients (10 trials). Thirteen unique non-pharmacological interventions were identified, 17 sleep measures and 7 linked health-related outcomes. Thematic analysis revealed two major themes for improving sleep in hospital inpatients: enhancing the sleep environment and utilizing relaxation and mindfulness techniques. Two methods of administration, self-administered and carer-administered, were identified. Environmental interventions, such as physical aids, and relaxation interventions, including aromatherapy, showed benefits to sleep measures. There was a lack of standardized sleep measurement and an overall moderate to high risk of bias across all studies.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review has identified several sleep interventions that are likely to benefit adult surgical patients, but there remains a lack of high-quality evidence to support their routine implementation.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Sleep Quality; Sleep; Mindfulness; Pain, Postoperative
PubMed: 38597159
DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrae018