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Bone Reports Jun 2024Bone loss is a well-known phenomenon in the older population leading to increased bone fracture risk, morbidity, and mortality. Supplementation of eggshell membrane... (Review)
Review
Bone loss is a well-known phenomenon in the older population leading to increased bone fracture risk, morbidity, and mortality. Supplementation of eggshell membrane (ESM) is evaluated due to its possible application to prevent bone loss and usage in osteoporosis therapy. The similar organic chemical composition of ESM and human bone is described in detail as both mainly consist of collagen type I, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, hyaluronic acid and elastan. ESM and its components are reported to improve mineralization in bone tissue. In many studies ESM intake reduced pain in patients with joint disorders and reduced inflammatory processes. Additionally, ESM improved calcium uptake in human cells. These findings in comparison with a clinical pilot study reporting pain reduction in osteoporotic patients and increased osteoblast activity in in vitro assays support ESM to be a beneficial supplement for bone health. In this systematic review we combined chemical structure analysis with clinical studies to give a more comprehensive picture with novel explanations.
PubMed: 38872992
DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101776 -
IET Nanobiotechnology 2024This study followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines to present the results. A comprehensive search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of... (Review)
Review
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study followed the PRISMA reporting guidelines to present the results. A comprehensive search was performed on electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, and Science Direct. Initially, 413 articles were retrieved. After removing duplicates and applying specific inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were finally included in this systematic review.
RESULTS
The reviewed studies showed that selenium nanoparticles had anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. They effectively protected the kidneys, liver, and testicles from damage. Furthermore, there was evidence of efficient radioprotection for the organs examined without significant side effects.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review emphasizes the potential advantages of using selenium nanoparticles to prevent the negative effects of ionizing radiation. Importantly, these protective effects were achieved without causing noticeable side effects. These findings suggest the potential role of selenium nanoparticles as radioprotective agents, offering possible therapeutic applications to reduce the risks related to ionizing radiation exposure in medical imaging and radiotherapy procedures.
Topics: Selenium; Radiation-Protective Agents; Animals; Humans; Antioxidants; Nanoparticles; Metal Nanoparticles; Radiation Injuries
PubMed: 38863968
DOI: 10.1049/2024/5538107 -
Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria Jun 2024The use of antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), has been linked to adverse effects on bone health, but findings are conflicting.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The use of antidepressants, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), has been linked to adverse effects on bone health, but findings are conflicting. This study aimed to quantify the associations between newer antidepressants and bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk through a comprehensive meta-analysis.
METHODS
Observational studies on the association between the use of novel antidepressants and BMD and hip fracture were systematically searched in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Random effects meta-analyses were conducted to pool results across the eligible studies. The heterogeneity, publication bias, and influence were assessed extensively.
RESULTS
14 eligible studies with 1,417,134 participants were identified. Antidepressant use was associated with significantly lower BMD compared to non-use at all skeletal sites examined, with pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) ranging from -0.02 (total hip) to -0.04 (femoral neck). Importantly, antidepressant use was associated with a 2.5-fold increased risk of hip fracture (pooled odds ratio (OR) 2.50, 95% CI 2.26-2.76). While heterogeneity was detected, the overall findings were robust in sensitivity analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
This meta-analysis provided strong evidence that novel antidepressants, especially widely used SSRIs, have detrimental impacts on bone health. The observed associations with decreased BMD and doubled hip fracture risk have important clinical implications.
Topics: Humans; Bone Density; Antidepressive Agents; Osteoporosis; Hip Fractures; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Osteoporotic Fractures; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38863057
DOI: 10.62641/aep.v52i3.1560 -
Current Research in Translational... Jun 2024
Letter to the editor regarding "Bone mineral density, osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture risk in patients with atopic dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis".
PubMed: 38861904
DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2024.103457 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Jun 2024
PubMed: 38861644
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2024-10458.eng -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 2024Root canal irrigation endodontic solutions have effects on the chemistry of dentin. Infrared spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical characterization method where the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Root canal irrigation endodontic solutions have effects on the chemistry of dentin. Infrared spectroscopy is a non-destructive chemical characterization method where the strength of absorption often correlates with mineral or organic composition.
OBJECTIVES
To survey effects of commonly used irrigation solutions on the composition of root dentin as detected by widely-available Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods.
METHODS
Electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1983 to 2023. After risk of bias assessments (OHAT), studies were grouped according to effects per irrigation solution. Inclusion criteria comprised in vitro studies that used extracted human or bovine teeth, treated by irrigation solutions characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and presenting spectral data. Publications that did not share FTIR spectra were excluded.
RESULTS
A wide range of concentrations, durations, and methodologies have been tested but only 30 out of 3452 studies met our inclusion criteria. Different FTIR methods were used with the Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) variant being the most common (21 studies). Investigated solutions included sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), ethylenediaminetetraacetic-acid (EDTA), 1-hydroxyethylidene-1-1-diphosphonic-acid (HEDP), peracetic-acid (PAA), glycolic-acid (GA), and citric-acid (CA) though most focused on NaOCl and EDTA. All solutions had detectable effects on the FTIR signature of dentin. NaOCl mainly affects the organic signatures, revealing reduced amide/phosphate ratios with increasing concentrations. EDTA mainly effects the inorganic component, increasing with time and concentration, yet glycolic acid has stronger effects than EDTA on dentin. Beyond the type of irrigant and dentin exposure durations, concentration and protocol of application had strong effects. There is a lack of studies comparing similar irrigants under conditions that mimic clinical scenarios analyzing bulk sample because FTIR of powder dentin differs from bulk measurements.
SIGNIFICANCE
The ideal root-canal irrigant should combine local disinfection properties with minimal compositional effects on healthy dentin. FTIR methods appear reliable to identify important changes in root dentin chemical composition. Such information can help understand when endodontic irrigation might lead to root degradation or possibly contribute to long term failures such as vertical fractures. Awareness of chemical damage from irrigation procedures may help clinicians select procedures that reduce deleterious effects on the root canal structures.
PubMed: 38825554
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.05.014 -
Cureus Apr 2024Self-treatment with vitamin, mineral, and herbal supplements has become increasingly common among patients for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Magnesium, in... (Review)
Review
Self-treatment with vitamin, mineral, and herbal supplements has become increasingly common among patients for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. Magnesium, in particular, is popular on social media for the treatment of anxiety and insomnia. Meanwhile, preclinical studies support associations between magnesium status, sleep quality, and symptoms of anxiety. The extent to which these claims are evidence-based is unclear. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to provide an updated examination of the clinical evidence on the use of magnesium for the treatment of the above conditions given the popularity of such supplements among patients and the public at large. A thorough search of the PubMed database was performed and results were systematically reviewed using PRISMA guidelines. The search was limited to anxiety disorders and sleep disorders and included interventional trials only. Exclusion criteria included insufficient (<50 mg/12.5% of recommended daily allowance (RDA)) or unknown magnesium dose, >3 other potentially active compounds present in the formulation, and articles in languages other than English. This query returned 860 articles of which 15 met full inclusion criteria. Eight measured sleep-related outcomes, seven measured anxiety-related outcomes, and one examined both. Sleep quality was measured most frequently using the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Anxiety measures included self-reported measures such as the Hamilton Anxiety Scale. The majority of included studies demonstrated improvement in at least one sleep- or anxiety-related parameter. Five out of eight sleep-related studies reported improvements in sleep parameters, while two studies reported no improvements, and one reported mixed results. Five out of seven studies measuring anxiety-related outcomes reported improvements in self-reported anxiety. Firm conclusions were limited by the heterogeneity of the data and the small number of participants involved in most of the studies. The dosages, formulations, and durations of the magnesium interventions used also differed across studies. Furthermore, some studies included additional, potentially active ingredients, further complicating interpretations. Given the generally positive results across studies, the preponderance of preclinical evidence, and minimal side effects, however, supplemental magnesium is likely useful in the treatment of mild anxiety and insomnia, particularly in those with low magnesium status at baseline. Notably, both negative anxiety trials featured populations with underlying endocrine factors likely contributing to their symptoms (patients with premenstrual symptoms and post-partum women). Nonetheless, larger, randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and to establish the most effective forms and dosages of magnesium for the treatment of insomnia and anxiety disorders.
PubMed: 38817505
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59317 -
Translational Psychiatry May 2024Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of medical comorbidity, possibly including osteoporosis, which is a public health concern due to its significant social... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of medical comorbidity, possibly including osteoporosis, which is a public health concern due to its significant social and health consequences. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine whether schizophrenia is associated with bone fragility. The protocol for this review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020171959). The research question and inclusion/exclusion criteria were developed and presented according to the PECO (Population, Exposure, Comparison, Outcome) framework. Schizophrenia was identified from medical records, DSM-IV/5 or the ICD. The outcomes for this review were bone fragility [i.e., bone mineral density (BMD), fracture, bone turnover markers, bone quality]. A search strategy was developed and implemented for the electronic databases. A narrative synthesis was undertaken for all included studies; the results from eligible studies reporting on BMD and fracture were pooled using a random effects model to complete a meta-analysis. The conduct of the review and reporting of results adhered to PRISMA guidelines. Our search yielded 3103 studies, of which 29 met the predetermined eligibility criteria. Thirty-seven reports from 29 studies constituted 17 studies investigating BMD, eight investigating fracture, three investigating bone quality and nine investigating bone turnover markers. The meta-analyses revealed that people with schizophrenia had lower BMD at the lumbar spine [standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.74, 95% CI -1.27, -0.20; Z = -2.71, p = 0.01] and at the femoral neck (SMD -0.78, 95% CI -1.03, -0.53; Z = -6.18, p ≤ 0.001). Also observed was a higher risk of fracture (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.27, 1.61; Z = 5.88, p ≤ 0.001). Following adjustment for publication bias, the association between schizophrenia and femoral neck BMD (SMD -0.63, 95% CI -0.97, -0.29) and fracture (OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.28, 1.35) remained. Significantly increased risk of bone fragility was observed in people with schizophrenia. This association was independent of sex, participant number, methodological quality and year of publication.
Topics: Humans; Schizophrenia; Bone Density; Osteoporosis; Fractures, Bone
PubMed: 38816361
DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02884-1 -
Clinical Pharmacokinetics May 2024Managing drug-food interactions is essential for optimizing the effectiveness and safety profile of quinolones. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Managing drug-food interactions is essential for optimizing the effectiveness and safety profile of quinolones. Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed the influence of dietary interventions on the bioavailability of 22 quinolones.
METHODS
All studies describing or investigating the impact of food, beverages, antacids, and mineral supplements on pharmacokinetic parameters or pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices of orally taken quinolones were considered for inclusion. We excluded reviews, in vitro and in silico studies, studies performed on animals, and those involving alcohol. We performed the search in Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Cochrane Library, covering reports from database inception to December 2022. We used the following tools to assess the risk of bias: version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for parallel trials, the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for cross-over studies, and the NIH quality assessment tool for before-after studies. We performed quantitative analyses for each quinolone if two or more food-effect studies with specified and comparable study designs were available. If meta-analyses were not applicable, we qualitatively summarized the results.
RESULTS
We included 109 studies from 101 reports. Meta-analyses were conducted for 12 antibiotics and qualitative synthesis was employed for the remaining drugs. Of the studies, 60.5% were open-label, cross-over, as recommended by FDA. We judged 46% of studies as having a high risk of bias and only 4% of having a low risk of bias. Among 19 quinolones with available food impact data, 14 (74%) had potentially clinically important interactions. For nalidixic acid, oxolinic acid, and tosufloxacin, food exerted a high positive impact on bioavailability (AUC or C increased by > 45%), whereas, for all the remaining drugs, postprandial absorption was lower. The most significant negative influence of food (AUC or C decreased by > 40%) occurred for delafloxacin capsules and norfloxacin, whereas the moderate influence (AUC or C decreased by 30-40%) occurred for nemonoxacin and rufloxacin. All 14 analysed quinolones showed a substantial reduction in bioavailability when co-administered with antacids and mineral supplements, except for calcium preparations. The impact of beverages was evaluated for 10 quinolones, with 50% experiencing significantly reduced absorption in the presence of milk (the highest negative impact for ciprofloxacin). Moreover, both ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin demonstrated compromised bioavailability when consumed with orange juice, particularly calcium-fortified.
DISCUSSION
Several factors may influence interactions, including the physicochemical characteristics of quinolones, the type of intervention, drug formulation, and the patient's health status. We assessed the quality of evidence as low due to the poor actuality of included studies, their methodological diversity, and uneven data availability for individual drugs.
PubMed: 38807006
DOI: 10.1007/s40262-024-01377-0 -
Children (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the success rates of pulpotomy treatment for irreversible pulpitis in primary teeth. (Review)
Review
AIM
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the success rates of pulpotomy treatment for irreversible pulpitis in primary teeth.
METHODS
This study was registered and conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. Relevant studies published between January 1980 and April 2023 were identified across eight online databases and two paediatric dentistry textbooks. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment were conducted by multiple investigators independently. Data analysis involved single-arm and two-arm meta-analyses, leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, meta-regression, and assessment of publication bias. The risks of bias were evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's assessment tools. The levels of evidence were determined using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) tool.
RESULTS
Five primary studies were included. The weighted mean overall success rates at 6-month and 12-month follow-ups were 97.2% and 94.4%, respectively. Two-arm meta-analysis revealed no significant difference ( > 0.05) between the use of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and non-MTA bioceramic-based materials as pulpotomy medicaments. The sample size of each study did not affect the degree of data heterogeneity. Egger's test revealed no significant publication bias.
CONCLUSIONS
Pulpotomy may be regarded as an alternative modality for treating primary teeth with irreversible pulpitis. Nevertheless, future well-designed trials and extended follow-up periods are warranted.
PubMed: 38790569
DOI: 10.3390/children11050574