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Immune Cell Alterations in Psychotic Disorders: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biological Psychiatry Jan 2024A comprehensive meta-analysis on the composition of circulating immune cells from both the myeloid and the lymphoid lines including specialized subsets in blood and...
BACKGROUND
A comprehensive meta-analysis on the composition of circulating immune cells from both the myeloid and the lymphoid lines including specialized subsets in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with psychotic disorders compared with healthy control participants has been lacking.
METHODS
Multiple databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and PsycINFO) were searched for eligible studies up until October 18, 2022. All studies investigating circulating immune cells in the blood and CSF from patients with psychotic disorders (ICD-10: F20 and F22-29) compared with healthy control participants were included.
RESULTS
A total of 86 studies were included in the meta-analysis. In the blood, the following categories of immune cells were elevated: leukocyte count (31 studies, standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.46), granulocyte count (4 studies, SMD = 0.57; 95% CI, 0.12 to 1.01), neutrophil granulocyte count (21 studies, SMD = 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.54), monocyte count (23 studies, SMD = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.56), and B lymphocyte count (10 studies, SMD = 0.26; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.48). Additionally, the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (23 studies, SMD = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.60), the monocyte/lymphocyte ratio (9 studies, SMD = 0.31; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.57), and the platelet/lymphocyte ratio (10 studies, SMD = 0.23; 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.43) were elevated. The CSF cell count showed a similar tendency but was not significantly elevated (3 studies, SMD = 0.14; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.32).
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate a broad activation of the immune system in psychotic disorders, with cells from both the myeloid and the lymphoid line being elevated. However, CSF analyses were lacking in most of the studies, and many studies were hampered by insufficient adjustment for confounding factors such as body mass index and smoking.
PubMed: 38185237
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.11.029 -
WMJ : Official Publication of the State... Dec 2023Peripheral smear examination is a simple and cost-effective test that is routinely performed while monitoring patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We sought to summarize... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Peripheral smear examination is a simple and cost-effective test that is routinely performed while monitoring patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We sought to summarize the peripheral blood morphologic findings in patients with COVID-19 infection.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted using a standardized keyword search on Medline database (PubMed), med RXIV, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and SCOPUS for studies discussing peripheral blood smear or morphologic blood findings in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
RESULTS
A total of 28 studies were included in the review. Normocytic normochromic anemia was the most frequently encountered red blood cell finding. Neutrophilia was seen in most of the studies. A variety of morphological changes were observed in neutrophils, including pyknotic nuclei, variable shapes, toxic granules, and cytoplasmic vacuolization. Hyposegmented neutrophils, pseudo-Pegler Huet forms, and hypogranular forms were common findings reported by many studies. Lymphopenia was reported by most studies. Lymphocytes showed numerous morphological changes, including reactive forms, Downey forms, increased large granular lymphocytes, and plasmacytoid cells. The presence of giant platelets was seen frequently.
CONCLUSIONS
The peripheral blood in COVID-19 shows a spectrum of findings, mostly reactive changes in neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and platelets. Increased neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and higher neutrophil counts have been associated with poor prognosis, which potentially could help triage patients, but this needs to be confirmed in larger studies.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19
PubMed: 38180924
DOI: No ID Found -
Immunity, Inflammation and Disease Dec 2023The COVID-19 pandemic worldwide has caused varying degrees of severity of lung damage in patients, with acute respiratory distress and death in severe cases. However,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic worldwide has caused varying degrees of severity of lung damage in patients, with acute respiratory distress and death in severe cases. However, this is not directly caused by the virus itself, but by the production of inflammasome by monocytes in the body, leading to a systemic inflammatory response, which results in a very poor clinical prognosis for patients with COVID-19.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to look at the relationship between hypernatremia and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases for articles published from the inception of the database until August 27, 2022. Three researchers reviewed the literature, retrieved data, and assessed the quality of the literature, respectively. A meta-analysis was performed using State 17 software to assess the value of the effect of hypernatremia on mortality in patients with new coronavirus pneumonia.
RESULTS
A total of nine publications was finally included in this study, including a total of 11,801 patients with COVID-19, including 1278 in the hypernatremia group and 10,523 in the normonatremia group. Meta-analysis showed that hypernatremia was associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 [OR = 4.15, 95% CI (2.95-5.84), p = .002, I² = 66.7%] with a sensitivity of 0.36 [0.26, 0.48] and a specificity of 0.88 [0.83, 0.91]. The posterior probability of mortality was 42% in patients with COVID-19 hypernatremia and 15% in patients who did not have COVID-19 hypernatremia.
CONCLUSION
According to available data, hypernatremia is associated with death in patients with COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Hypernatremia; Pandemics; Prognosis
PubMed: 38156387
DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1109 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Emerging evidence suggests a correlation between the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC) undergoing immune checkpoint... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence suggests a correlation between the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio (LMR) and the prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC) undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. Nevertheless, the existing findings remain contentious.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of literature was conducted in databases including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, spanning from the inception of each database to August 30, 2023 to collect studies exploring the interplay between LMR and clinical outcomes. Eligible studies were selected following predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Primary outcomes encompassed progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), which were estimated using hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI).
RESULTS
Our analysis incorporated eight cohort studies, involving 815 patients. Aggregate data revealed associations between an elevated LMR at baseline and prolonged PFS (HR=0.58; 95% CI: 0.47-0.71, p<0.00001) and improved OS (HR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.33-0.79; p=0.003). Furthermore, LMR exhibited a favorable association with PFS after treatment (HR=0.48; 95% CI: 0.29-0.79; p= 0.004), while such a correlation was not evident in the OS analysis. Importantly, a high level of LMR was associated with prolonged PFS across varying sample sizes, follow-up duration, treatment combinations, line of therapy, and cut-off values.
CONCLUSION
A high pre-treatment LMR is associated with improved OS and PFS in GC patients treated with ICIs. LMR emerges as a potent biomarker for prognostic assessment in these patients, offering valuable insights for informed treatment decisions within the domain of GC immunotherapy.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021228512.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Monocytes; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors; Stomach Neoplasms; Lymphocytes
PubMed: 38090560
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1321584 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unclear etiology. Systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation may play a role...
INTRODUCTION
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with an unclear etiology. Systemic inflammation and immune dysregulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of ADHD. Morphology-derived parameters such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), have been proposed as peripheral biomarkers of the immune-inflammatory process in various diseases. However, studies examining their role in ADHD remain inconclusive.
METHODS
A systematic review and a meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the association between NLR, MLR, PLR and ADHD. Relevant articles were identified, screened, and assessed for quality according to PRISMA guidelines. Moreover, a qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed.
RESULTS
The review contained eight eligible studies, five of which were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that ADHD patients had higher NLR and PLR values compared to health controls. No significant difference in MLR value was observed between the two groups. Analysis in relation to ADHD subtypes showed no significant differences in inflammatory markers in any of the included studies as well. The influence of medical treatment on these ratios could not be adequately assessed due to limited data.
CONCLUSION
ADHD patients exhibit higher NLR and PLR than healthy controls, which may indicate the potential immune-inflammatory involvement in this disorder. Further studies on inflammatory markers and ADHD, especially those considering the impact of treatment and clinical symptoms, are essential to comprehensively understand this association.
PubMed: 38034918
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1258868 -
Ratios from full blood count as markers for TB diagnosis, treatment, prognosis: a systematic review.The International Journal of... Nov 2023The monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio are calculated from routine full blood counts. The aim of this study was to systematically...
The monocyte-to-lymphocyte (MLR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio are calculated from routine full blood counts. The aim of this study was to systematically review MLR and NLR as biomarkers for diagnosis, treatment response monitoring and prognostic biomarker for TB infection or disease. A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Library on 12 January 2022. The following search terms were used: tuberculosis AND (monocyte OR neutrophils), AND lymphocytes AND (diagnostic OR prognostic OR treatment). A total of 2,314 studies were identified, of which 41, covering 11,952 individuals, were included in the final analysis. Studies enrolled a median of 154 individuals (IQR 108-301). Increased MLR and NLR were associated with TB disease when compared to healthy controls and individuals with TB infection. MLR was shown to be prognostic for progression to TB disease and to decrease in response to TB treatment. The cut-offs determined in the studies were highly variable for MLR and NLR, making it impractical to conduct a meta-analysis of sensitivity and specificity. Higher MLR and NLR are associated with TB disease and could be used as easy-to-obtain, low-cost additional diagnostic biomarkers. Further studies investigating these biomarkers are needed.
Topics: Humans; Biomarkers; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Neutrophils; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 37880883
DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.22.0598 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jan 2024Inflammation, a type of the body's defense against injury or infection, causes many chronic disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore,... (Review)
Review
Inflammation, a type of the body's defense against injury or infection, causes many chronic disorders including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Therefore, discovering natural compounds with numerous biological activities for the management of inflammation is highly recommended. Out of natural compounds, peppermint and its main component, menthol, has been suggested to possess antiinflammatory potential. Four databases including Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase were searched to identify articles about peppermint and its antiinflammatory effects up to March 2023. Out of 3805 records screened, 14 articles met the study criteria. The evidence reviewed here proposed peppermint as an antiinflammatory agent. Peppermint may suppress inflammation by activating the AMP-activated protein kinase/unc-51 like kinase 1/nuclear factor-E2 associated factor 2 autophagy pathway, downregulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase-nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinases pathways, attenuating oxidative stress, suppressing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and nitric oxide, and inducing the production of antiinflammatory prostaglandins. Due to the promising antiinflammatory effects of peppermint and the lack of human studies in this regard, future randomized clinical trials examining the effects of peppermint on inflammation and its related maladies are warranted.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Rats; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mentha piperita; Monocytes; NF-kappa B; Plant Extracts; In Vitro Techniques
PubMed: 37850332
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8041 -
The Journal of International Medical... Oct 2023Inflammatory biomarkers are novel tools to assess the prognosis of different cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the impact of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Inflammatory biomarkers are novel tools to assess the prognosis of different cardiovascular diseases. We evaluated the impact of the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR) on clinical outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).
METHODS
We systematically screened English-language articles in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to 31 August 2022. Relevant articles reporting the MLR and its association with clinical outcomes (major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), coronary artery disease (CAD) severity, mortality, cardiac rupture, subclinical CAD, acute coronary syndrome (ACS) prediction, thin-cap fibroatheroma, no-reflow phenomenon, MLR-related differences in percutaneous coronary intervention, heart failure hospitalization, and depression) in patients with CHD were collected for further analysis.
RESULTS
Nineteen articles were selected. The mean MLR was 0.34. A higher MLR was significantly associated with an increased risk of MACE among patients with CHD. The MLR was an independent predictor of MACE in patients with ACS. No significant association was found for CAD severity. A complementary analysis was not performed because of few studies focusing on the other predefined endpoints.
CONCLUSIONS
The MLR is a simple and widely available tool to predict MACE in patients with CHD. This biomarker can be utilized in emergency settings to prioritize high-risk patients and optimize therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Monocytes; Lymphocytes; Coronary Artery Disease; Biomarkers; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
PubMed: 37848392
DOI: 10.1177/03000605231204469 -
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic... Dec 2023Inflammation has been associated with tumor development and circulating inflammatory biomarkers have been proposed as possible predictors of recurrence of several solid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Inflammation has been associated with tumor development and circulating inflammatory biomarkers have been proposed as possible predictors of recurrence of several solid tumors. However, the role of inflammation markers in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is still uncertain.
OBJECTIVE
This meta-analysis aimed to assess the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in patients with DTC.
METHODS
Studies investigating the association between survival and preoperative circulating inflammatory markers in DTC patients were included. The primary outcome was disease-free survival (DFS). Cumulative logarithms of the hazard ratio (log-HRs) with 95% CI were calculated through the inverse variance method using a random-effects model.
RESULTS
A total of 7599 patients with a mean age of 48.89 (95% CI 44.16-53.63) were included. The estimated pooled log-HRs for DFS were 0.07 for NLR (95% CI -0.12-0.26; p = 0.43), -0.58 for LMR (95% CI -1.21-0.05; p = 0.06), and 0.01 (95% CI 0-0.01; p = 0.21) for PLR.
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis showed no association between NLR, PLR, LMR and DFS in DTC; however, more prospective data are needed to better define the association between inflammatory status and prognosis of DTC.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Lymphocytes; Inflammation; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 37828383
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09845-x -
Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Dec 2023Metabolic flexibility is essential for a healthy response to a high fat meal, and is assessed by measuring postprandial changes in blood markers including peripheral...
Systematic Review and Quantitative Data Synthesis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Consensus Gene Expression Changes in Response to a High Fat Meal.
SCOPE
Metabolic flexibility is essential for a healthy response to a high fat meal, and is assessed by measuring postprandial changes in blood markers including peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs; lymphocytes and monocytes). However, there is no clear consensus on postprandial gene expression and protein changes in these cells.
METHOD AND RESULTS
The study systematically reviews the literature reporting transcriptional and proteomic changes in PBMCs after consumption of a high fat meal. After re-analysis of the raw data to ensure equivalence between studies, ≈85 genes are significantly changed (defined as in the same direction in ≥3 studies) with about half involved in four processes: inflammation/oxidative stress, GTP metabolism, apoptosis, and lipid localization/transport. For meals consisting predominantly of unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), notable additional processes are phosphorylation and glucocorticoid response. For saturated fatty acids (SFA), genes related to migration/angiogenesis and platelet aggregation are also changed.
CONCLUSION
Despite differences in study design, common gene changes are identified in PBMCs following a high fat meal. These common genes and processes will facilitate definition of the postprandial transcriptome as part of the overall postcibalome, linking all molecules and processes that change in the blood after a meal.
Topics: Dietary Fats; Transcriptome; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Consensus; Proteomics; Meals; Postprandial Period; Cross-Over Studies; Triglycerides
PubMed: 37817369
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300512