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Journal of Personalized Medicine Sep 2022Mood swings in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are difficult to control and can lead to self-harm and suicide. The interaction between the therapist and BD will... (Review)
Review
Mood swings in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) are difficult to control and can lead to self-harm and suicide. The interaction between the therapist and BD will determine the success of therapy. The interaction model between the therapist and BD begins by reviewing the models that were previously developed using the Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric methods. The limit of articles used was sourced from the Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Dimensions databases from 2009 to 2022. The results obtained were 67 articles out of a total of 382 articles, which were then re-selected. The results of the selection of the last articles reviewed were 52 articles. Using VOSviewer version 1.6.16, a visualization of the relationship between the quotes "model", "therapy", "emotions", and "bipolar disorder" can be seen. This study also discusses the types of therapy that can be used by BD, as well as treatment innovations and the mathematical model of the therapy itself. The results of this study are expected to help further researchers to develop an interaction model between therapists and BD to improve the quality of life of BD.
PubMed: 36143254
DOI: 10.3390/jpm12091469 -
Cureus Aug 2022Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by severe mood swings and or periods of depression. This study examined the role that practicing yoga has on the... (Review)
Review
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a mood disorder characterized by severe mood swings and or periods of depression. This study examined the role that practicing yoga has on the symptoms of BD. One of the main goals was to identify if patients with BD believe that yoga is a viable treatment option. Six research databases were searched using the keywords "yoga" AND "therapy" AND "BD" AND "bipolar depression." Articles published in 2005 and later were included in the search. After duplicates were removed, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, five articles were analyzed and included in this literature review. Results of this review indicate that yoga has been shown to be associated with both benefits and risks for the treatment of BD. Studies have shown that yoga might relieve some symptoms of BD and depression. However, due to the lack of research on the impact of yoga on BD and the small number of studies included in this review, results should be approached with caution. Overall, yoga was well-tolerated in the studies reviewed in this article. Yoga may relieve the symptoms of depression. Future research should analyze the long-term impact of yoga on bipolar depression. Yoga instructional standards should also be considered.
PubMed: 36072189
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.27688 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Personal recovery from psychiatric disorders is a journey toward a satisfying and hopeful life despite the possible persistence of symptoms. This concept has gained...
Personal recovery from psychiatric disorders is a journey toward a satisfying and hopeful life despite the possible persistence of symptoms. This concept has gained interest and become an increasingly important goal in mental health care programmes. Personal Recovery is well described in the context of severe mental illnesses in general, but little is known about this journey in bipolar disorders and the factors underlying it. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA recommendations, focusing on studies exploring personal recovery in bipolar disorder specifically. The latter have integrated a comprehensive approach to the concept, the existing means of measurement or have explored the levers of recovery in care. Twenty-four articles were selected, including seven qualitative, 12 observational, and five interventional studies. The Bipolar Recovery Questionnaire was the only scale developed from qualitative work with bipolar people. Personal recovery did not correlate very closely with symptomatology. Some elements of personal recovery in bipolar disorder were similar to those in other severe mental illnesses: meaning in life, self-determination, hope, and low self-stigma. Specific levers differed: mental relationships with mood swings, including acceptance and decrease in hypervigilance, and openness to others, including trust and closeness. The studies highlighted the role of caregiver posture and the quality of communication within care, as well as the knowledge gained from peers. The choice to exclude articles not focused on bipolar disorder resulted in the provision of very specific information, and the small number of articles to date may limit the scope of the evidence. New components of personal recovery in bipolar disorder emerged from this review; these components could be taken into account in the construction of care tools, as well as in the caregiving posture. Strengthening skills of openness to others could also be a central target of recovery-focused care.
PubMed: 35815013
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.876761 -
Frontiers in Medicine 2022Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a worldwide disaster, has already affected lots of people. Effective care and therapy are currently being evaluated in full swing.
BACKGROUND
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), a worldwide disaster, has already affected lots of people. Effective care and therapy are currently being evaluated in full swing.
PURPOSE
Our purpose was to investigate the effects of tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor, on treatment of adult patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
DATA SOURCES STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION
We conducted a meta-analysis and searched for relevant studies on Pubmed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library without restrictions on language from inception until February 1, 2021. Fifteen studies were included for this meta-analysis. Two authors independently selected and screened these studies, assessed the quality of included studies, and extracted related information.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies were included in this meta-analysis. The main studies showed that tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality (risk ratio = 0.62, 95% confidence interval = 0.46-0.83; and hazard ratio = 0.61, 95% confidence interval = 0.51-0.72). Using tocilizumab might also affect biochemistry indicators (lowered C-reactive protein and ferritin, increased lymphocyte count).
CONCLUSION
These current bodies of evidence could indicate that early use of tocilizumab was associated with lower mortality in adult patients with COVID-19. Early use of tocilizumab could reduce the mortality rate of adult patients with COVID-19 without obvious fatal side effects, which may be a treatment option in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
The study protocol was registered on PROSPERO (ID:242811).
PubMed: 35433719
DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.838904 -
Current Protein & Peptide Science 2022The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has swept the whole world and brought about...
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has swept the whole world and brought about public health crisis of unprecedented proportions. In the process of SARS-CoV-2 entry, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 plays a key role. In addition, other protein molecules, such as transmembrane protease/serine 2, FURIN, Cathepsin L, and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 will also affect the interaction between virus and host cells. Since the variations in the virus and human populations could determine the transmissibility of the virus and influence an individual's susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease outcome, research on the variations of the above protein molecules and their role in COVID-19 is in full swing. In this review, we systematically reviewed viral and host genetic variations related to SARSCoV- 2 entry, as well as the relationship between the diversity of these variations and the COVID-19 pandemic. We aim to provide better insights into the transmission and pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the perspective of genetic variants and epigenetic factors so as to prevent, control, and treat COVID-19, especially among high-risk populations with genetic risk variants.
Topics: COVID-19; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans; Pandemics; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35105286
DOI: 10.2174/1389203723666220201160820 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Apr 2022Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by mood swings and functional impairment. Although alterations in emotional regulation (ER) are a key... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe mental disorder characterized by mood swings and functional impairment. Although alterations in emotional regulation (ER) are a key feature, a comprehensive meta-analysis on abnormalities in emotion regulation in BD is still lacking.
METHODS
We performed a random-effects meta-analysis on studies comparing the ER measured with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in BD and healthy controls (HC) or borderline personality disorder (BPD) and calculated the standardized mean difference (SMD) of the total DERS score between those with BD and HC (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes were the SMD of the DERS subscales between BD and HC, as well as the SMD of the total score of DERS and the subscales between BD and BPD.
RESULTS
Twelve studies (858 BD, 540 BPD, 285 HC) were included. Compared to HC, BD showed significantly higher total DERS score (k=8, SMD 0.962, p<0.001) and subscale scores, including non-acceptance (k=6, SMD=0.85, p<0.001), goal-directed behavior (k=6, SMD=0.894, p<0.001), impulse control (k=6, SMD=1.08, p<0.001), strategies (k=6, SMD=1.25, p<0.001) and emotional clarity (k=6, SMD=0.694, p=0.001). Relative to BPD, BD presented significantly lower scores in all the DERS subscales. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the main analyses. The age of the participants and sample size moderated the primary outcome.
LIMITATIONS
The small number of studies and the cross-sectional design limit the generalizability of the results.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest that alterations of specific ER abilities are present in BD and their magnitude is smaller relative to BPD. Future therapeutic interventions should target ER strategies.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Borderline Personality Disorder; Cross-Sectional Studies; Emotional Regulation; Emotions; Humans
PubMed: 35093412
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.102 -
World Journal of Psychiatry Dec 2021Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by mood swings. Psychosocial interventions, such as psychoeducation, play an essential role in...
BACKGROUND
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by mood swings. Psychosocial interventions, such as psychoeducation, play an essential role in promoting social rehabilitation and improving pharmacological treatment.
AIM
To investigate the role of psychoeducation in BD.
METHODS
A systematic review of original studies regarding psychoeducation interventions in patients with BD and their relatives was developed. A systematic literature search was performed using the Medline, Scopus, and Lilacs databases. No review articles or qualitative studies were included in the analysis. There were no date restriction criteria, and studies published up to April 2021 were included.
RESULTS
A total of forty-seven studies were selected for this review. Thirty-eight studies included patients, and nine included family members. Psychoeducation of patients and family members was associated with a lower number of new mood episodes and a reduction in number and length of stay of hospitalizations. Psychoeducational interventions with patients are associated with improved adherence to drug treatment. The strategies studied in patients and family members do not interfere with the severity of symptoms of mania or depression or with the patient's quality of life or functionality. Psychoeducational interventions with family members do not alter patients' adherence to pharmacotherapy.
CONCLUSION
Psychoeducation as an adjunct strategy to pharmacotherapy in the treatment of BD leads to a reduction in the frequency of new mood episodes, length of hospital stay and adherence to drug therapy.
PubMed: 35070785
DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v11.i12.1407 -
Iranian Journal of Nursing and... 2021After childbirth, sexual dysfunction refers to a chain of psychiatric, physiological, social changes and a couple's experiences. The purpose of our Systematic Review... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
After childbirth, sexual dysfunction refers to a chain of psychiatric, physiological, social changes and a couple's experiences. The purpose of our Systematic Review (Syst.Rev.) is to evaluate available high-quality evidence and construct a Bio Psycho Social (BPS) model of couple's sexual function after childbirth.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was done with MeSH terms in databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science direct. A total number of 9 Syst.Rev. were evaluated from 2009 to 2019 years. The quality of extracted articles was evaluated based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist of contents using two qualified reviewers. Data synthesis was performed using the thematic analysis.
RESULTS
Biopsychosocial Model of Postpartum Couple's Sexual Function (BMPCSF) is proposed as a developmental process similar to Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Systems Model. Studies showed a significant relationship among the type of childbirth, trauma of perineum, breastfeeding, mood swings, fears, changes in the self-body image, spousal support, and Postpartum Sexual Dysfunction (PSD). Hence, the evidence about male sexuality in the postpartum period doesn't seem sufficient.
CONCLUSIONS
The information from this study will help health policymakers develop the appropriate guidelines to inform couples and healthcare professionals about the BPS changes after childbirth and PSD. Besides, BMPCSF can be used in postpartum sexual counseling to improve sexual health and marital relationships. We propose comprehensive original study on couples' postpartum sexuality, especially men's conduct, emphasizing socio-cultural factors.
PubMed: 34900644
DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.IJNMR_426_20 -
Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and... Sep 2022Women are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from depression throughout the life span. In particular, reproductive transition phases mark a period of vulnerability... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Women are nearly twice as likely as men to suffer from depression throughout the life span. In particular, reproductive transition phases mark a period of vulnerability for female mood disorders. The life events of being pregnant and giving birth harbor multiple psychological and physiological challenges, and a lack of adjustment to these events can result in mood swings and depression. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the symptomatology of postpartum depression (PPD), including tools that have been used to assess PPD, and potential phenomenological differences to major depression during other life phases.
METHODS
A systematic literature search in the databases PubMed, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO was conducted with the keywords "postpartum depression" and "symptomatology". A total of 33 studies fulfilled the chosen criteria and were selected for the review.
RESULTS
Within the studies, 22 different tools were used to assess depressive symptoms throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period. A total of 29 questionnaires or interviews were applied to detect additional psychopathological symptoms present in the perinatal period, such as anxiety. Most studies that included a control group of non-perinatal women concluded that postpartum depression is nosologically distinct from depression occurring at other stages of female life.
DISCUSSION
Somatic symptoms in the puerperium contribute to psychopathological burden and might result in diverse clinical representations of postpartum depression. Anxiety frequently co-occurs with depression during the perinatal period. However, the diversity of screening instruments for postpartum depression does not allow for general conclusions to be drawn about similarities or differences in the psychopathological profiles of postpartum women with depression and women with depression at other stages of life.
Topics: Anxiety; Depression; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34468259
DOI: 10.1080/0167482X.2021.1962276 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Jul 2021Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used for running gait analysis in a variety of sports. These sensors have been attached at various locations to capture stride... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are used for running gait analysis in a variety of sports. These sensors have been attached at various locations to capture stride data. However, it is unclear if different placement sites affect the derived outcome measures.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the impact of placement on the validity and reliability of IMU-derived measures of running gait.
METHODS
Online databases SPORTDiscus with Full Text, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE (EBSCOhost), EMBASE (Ovid) and Scopus were searched from the earliest record to 6 August 2020. Articles were included if they (1) used an IMU during running (2) reported spatiotemporal variables, peak ground reaction force (GRF) or vertical stiffness and (3) assessed validity or reliability. Meta-analyses were performed for a pooled validity estimate when (1) studies reported means and standard deviation for variables derived from the IMU and criterion (2) used the same IMU placement and (3) determined validity at a comparable running velocity (≤ 1 m·s difference).
RESULTS
Thirty-nine articles were included, where placement varied between the foot, tibia, hip, sacrum, lumbar spine (LS), torso and thoracic spine (TS). Initial contact, toe-off, contact time (CT), flight time (FT), step time, stride time, swing time, step frequency (SF), step length (SL), stride length, peak vertical and resultant GRF and vertical stiffness were analysed. Four variables (CT, FT, SF and SL) were meta-analysed, where CT was compared between the foot, tibia and LS placements and SF was compared between foot and LS. Foot placement data were meta-analysed for FT and SL. All data are the mean difference (MD [95%CI]). No significant difference was observed for any site compared to the criterion for CT (foot: - 11.47 ms [- 45.68, 22.74], p = 0.43; tibia: 22.34 ms [- 18.59, 63.27], p = 0.18; LS: - 48.74 ms [- 120.33, 22.85], p = 0.12), FT (foot: 11.93 ms [- 8.88, 32.74], p = 0.13), SF (foot: 0.45 step·min [- 1.75, 2.66], p = 0.47; LS: - 3.45 step·min [- 16.28, 9.39], p = 0.37) and SL (foot: 0.21 cm [- 1.76, 2.18], p = 0.69). Reliable derivations of CT (coefficient of variation [CV] < 9.9%), FT (CV < 11.6%) and SF (CV < 4.4%) were shown using foot- and LS-worn IMUs, while the CV was < 7.8% for foot-determined stride time, SL and stride length. Vertical GRF was reliable from the LS (CV = 4.2%) and TS (CV = 3.3%) using a spring-mass model, while vertical stiffness was moderately (r = 0.66) and nearly perfectly (r = 0.98) correlated with criterion measures from the TS.
CONCLUSION
Placement of IMUs on the foot, tibia and LS is suitable to derive valid and reliable stride data, suggesting measurement site may not be a critical factor. However, evidence regarding the ability to accurately detect stride events from the TS is unclear and this warrants further investigation.
Topics: Biomechanical Phenomena; Foot; Gait; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Running; Torso
PubMed: 33761128
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01443-8