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Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Sep 2022O1/O139 is responsible for cholera epidemics that remains a huge public health menace across the globe. Furthermore, an increasing resistance rate among strains has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
O1/O139 is responsible for cholera epidemics that remains a huge public health menace across the globe. Furthermore, an increasing resistance rate among strains has been reported around the world. Therefore, the objective of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the weighted pooled resistance (WPR) rates in clinical O1/O139 isolates based on different years, areas, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and resistance rates.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We searched the studies in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science (until January 2020). Statistical analyses were conducted using STATA software (ver. 14.0).
RESULTS
A total of 139 studies investigating 24,062 O1/O139 isolates were analyzed. The majority of the studies originated in Asia ( = 102). The WPR rates were as follows: azithromycin 1%, erythromycin 36%, ciprofloxacin 3%, cotrimoxazole 79%, doxycycline 7%, and tetracycline 20%. There was increased resistance to cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline during the 1980-2020 years.
CONCLUSIONS
Temporal changes in antibiotic resistance rate found in this study demonstrated the critical continuous surveillance of antibiotic resistance. Also, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, gentamicin, cephalexin, imipenem, ofloxacin, and norfloxacin were found to be the best antibiotics against , with the highest and the lowest effectiveness resistance rate.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Azithromycin; Cholera; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracyclines; Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination; Vibrio cholerae O1; Vibrio cholerae O139
PubMed: 35790112
DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2098114 -
Pharmacological Research Aug 2022We aimed to assess the effect of second-line anti-TB treatment and determine which drugs can achieve the greatest clinical benefit for DR-TB-HIV patients by comparing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to assess the effect of second-line anti-TB treatment and determine which drugs can achieve the greatest clinical benefit for DR-TB-HIV patients by comparing multiple chemotherapy regimens, to provide a basis for evidence-based practice.
METHODS
We searched three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane) for related English studies published since 2010. A random-effect model was used to estimate the pooled result for the treatment outcomes. Subgroup analysis based on possible factors, such as ART, baseline CD4 T-cell count, treatment regimens, and profiles of drug resistance, was also conducted to assess factors for favorable outcome. Outcomes were treatment success and mortality.
RESULTS
38 studies, 40 cohorts with 9279 patients were included. The pooled treatment success, mortality, treatment failure, and default rates were 57.5 % (95 % CI 53.1-61.9), 21 % (95 % CI 17.8-24.6), 4.8 % (95 % CI 3.5-6.5), and 10.7 % (95 % CI 8.7-13.1), respectively, in patients with DR-TB and HIV co-infection. Subgroup analysis showed that BDQ and LZD based regimen, and ≥ 2 Group A drugs were associated with a higher treatment success rate. Besides, higher CD4 T-cell count at baseline was also correlated with higher treatment success rate, too.
CONCLUSIONS
Suboptimal anti-TB outcomes underlining the need to expand the application of effective drugs and better regimen in high HIV setting. BDQ and LZD based all-oral regimen and early ART could contribute to higher treatment success, particularly among XDR-TB-HIV patients. Given that all included studies were observational, our findings emphasize the need for high-quality studies to further investigate the optimal treatment regimen for DR-TB-HIV.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Diarylquinolines; Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis; HIV Infections; Humans; Linezolid; Treatment Outcome; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant
PubMed: 35779814
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106336 -
Paediatric Drugs Sep 2022The results of animal experiments show that quinolone antibacterial drugs may permanently damage the soft tissues of the weight-bearing joints of young animals. Out of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The results of animal experiments show that quinolone antibacterial drugs may permanently damage the soft tissues of the weight-bearing joints of young animals. Out of safety concerns, using quinolones in children has always been controversial.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to assess the risk of using quinolones in children and provide evidence for clinicians to support decision making.
DATA SOURCES
The MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (Ovid), CINAHL, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang Data databases were searched from inception to 8 September 2021.
STUDY SELECTION
All types of studies that reported the safety data of quinolones in children, including clinical trials and observational studies.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data extraction and cross-checking were completed by two independent reviewers using a pilot-tested standardized data extraction form.
RESULTS
The overall incidence rate of adverse drug events (ADEs) in children using systemic quinolones was 5.39% and the most common ADEs were gastrointestinal reactions (incidence rate, 2.02%). Quinolone-induced musculoskeletal ADEs in children were uncommon (0.76%). Meta-analysis results showed that the risk of musculoskeletal ADEs in children using quinolones was higher than children in the control group (51 studies; rate ratio [RR] 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.82-2.26; p < 0.001; I = 18.6%; moderate-quality evidence). However, the subgroup analysis results showed that differences might only be observed in children who were followed up for 2 months to 1 year (2-6 months: RR 2.56, 95% CI 2.26-2.89; 7 months to 1 year: RR 1.35, 95% CI 0.98-1.86). Moreover, children (adolescents) aged between 13 and 18 years might be sensitive to the musculoskeletal toxicity of quinolones (RR 2.69, 95% CI 2.37-3.05; moderate-quality evidence) and the risk of levofloxacin-induced musculoskeletal ADEs might be higher (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.00-1.77; low-quality evidence).
CONCLUSIONS
Although the existing evidence shows that quinolone-induced musculoskeletal ADEs seem to be only short-term and reversible, and no serious skeletal and muscular system damage cases have been reported in children, quinolones should be avoided unless necessary in children because the incidence rate of quinolone-related ADEs is not low and they are broad-spectrum antibiotics that will induce the emergence of resistant strains if used frequently.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Quinolones
PubMed: 35771411
DOI: 10.1007/s40272-022-00513-2 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2022The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence factors of such as vacA s1m1 and cagA in designating clinical outcomes and eradication rate has been deeply... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) virulence factors of such as vacA s1m1 and cagA in designating clinical outcomes and eradication rate has been deeply challenged in the last decade. The goal of this analysis was to identify the potential relevance between cagA and vacA genotypes with reported antibiotic resistance observed in clinical H. pylori isolates.
METHODS
This literature search was conducted in databases such as Clarivate analytics, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, DOAJ, and Google Scholar by April 2022, regardless of language restrictions and publication date. Quality of the included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis of retrieved studies was fulfilled using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.2. Following quality appraisal of eligible studies, potential association between the status of cagA and vacA genes with resistance to clarithromycin, metronidazole, amoxicillin, tetracycline, and levofloxacin was measured using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. We also used sensitivity analyses and meta-regression to eliminate the source of heterogeneity from the overall estimates. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plot, Egger's test, Begg's test with the trim and fill procedure to assess the presence and magnitude of publication bias in the included studies.
RESULTS
Our findings suggested that a significant relationship between cagA status and increase resistance to metronidazole (OR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.24-5.83). In subgroup analysis, we found that in the Western population, infection with cagA-positive strains could be led to increase in the resistance to metronidazole (OR: 1.59; 95% CI: 0.78-3.21), amoxicillin (OR: 19.68; 95% CI: 2.74-141.18), and levofloxacin (OR: 11.33; 95% CI: 1.39-91.85). After implementation of trim and fill method, the adjusted OR was not significantly differed from original estimates which in turn represented our subgroup analysis was statistically robust. On the other hand, vacA genotypes usually reduce the antibiotic resistance of this bacterium, so that vacA s1m1 significantly reduces the resistance to metronidazole (OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.20-0.86). Surprisingly, resistance of vacA s2m2 strains to antibiotics was low, the reason may be due to the non-inflammatory properties of strains containing vacA s2m2. The meta-regression and sensitivity analyses successfully reduced the effect of heterogeneity from the overall estimates. In addition, although the pooled OR is reduced after trim and fill adjustment but results do not change the conclusion regarding vacA genotypes and antibiotic resistance.
CONCLUSIONS
According to our findings, it was clearly demonstrated that cagA-positive strains are resistance to metronidazole, especially in Western countries. In Western countries, vacA s1m1 increases resistance to amoxicillin and levofloxacin. Based on the present findings, the vacA s1m1 genotype significantly increases resistance to metronidazole, while the vacA s1m2 decreases resistance to clarithromycin and metronidazole. Resistance to antibiotics in less virulent (vacA s2m2) strains is statistically significant lower than others.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antigens, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Clarithromycin; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genotype; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Levofloxacin; Metronidazole
PubMed: 35752757
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07546-5 -
EClinicalMedicine Jun 2022Pharmacological treatments for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) are empirically used. However, the quantitative comparative effectiveness and...
BACKGROUND
Pharmacological treatments for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) are empirically used. However, the quantitative comparative effectiveness and safety of multiple pharmacological treatments is lacking.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 22, 2022. Randomised controlled trials comparing two or more oral pharmacological treatments for patients with CP/CPPS were included. Title, abstract, and full-text screening were independently screened by four reviewers. Primary outcomes were efficacy (the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index [NIH-CPSI] total score, pain score, urinary score, and quality of life score [QoL]) and safety (adverse events). This study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42020184106.
FINDINGS
25 studies (3514 patients) assessed 26 treatments. Low to very low quality evidence indicated that doxazosin (Mean difference [MD], -11.4, 95% Credible interval [CrI], -17.5 to -5.1) and the doxazosin, ibuprofen, and thiocolchicoside combination (MD, -11.6, CrI, -18.1 to -5.3) were significantly more effective than placebo in the NIH-CPSI total score. Other NIH-CPSI relative outcomes (pain, urinary, and QoL scores) showed a similar pattern. Low and very low quality evidence suggested that combination treatment including doxazosin, ibuprofen, and thiocolchicoside (odds ratios [OR], 3.2, CrI, 0.5 to 19.3) and the tamsulosin and dapoxetine combination (OR, 6.0, CrI, 0.7 to 67.3) caused more adverse events. In half of all comparisons regarding NIH-CPSI pain scores and quality of life scores, heterogeneity was minimal or low. Heterogeneity was high in both NIH-CPSI total symptom scores ( = 78.0%) and pain scores ( = 87. 0%) for tamsulosin versus placebo. There was also high heterogeneity in NIH-CPSI urine scores for the combination of tamsulosin and ciprofloxacin versus tamsulosin ( = 66.8%), tamsulosin and levofloxacin versus tamsulosin ( = 93.3%), and tamsulosin versus placebo ( = 83%).
INTERPRETATION
Pharmacological treatments have little evidence supporting efficacy in CP/CPPS. Future studies could personalise therapy for individuals according to specific symptoms and identify non-pharmacological targets for CP/CPPS.
FUNDING
Dr Jiani Wu received funding for this project from the China Association for Science and Technology (2017QNRC001), the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences (ZZ13-YQ-027), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82105037).
PubMed: 35706494
DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101457 -
International Journal of Dentistry 2022To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of systemic quinolones adjunctive to mechanical therapy in periodontitis patients. systematic review of the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of systemic quinolones adjunctive to mechanical therapy in periodontitis patients. systematic review of the scientific literature was carried out. The search scheme comprised the Scopus, PubMed/MEDLINE, SCIELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), and LILACS (Literatura Latinoamericana del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud) databases, together with the gray literature. MeSH terms and keywords were utilized to explore publications in all idioms. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that met the selection criteria were included.
RESULTS
A total of 4 RCTs were selected. These RCTs found superior clinical and microbiological efficacy of adjunctive systemic moxifloxacin (MOX) and levofloxacin (LV) compared to subgingival debridement plus placebo. Improvements in PD and CAL were 2.4 ± 0.8 mm and 2.7 ± 0.9 mm for LV, and 1.5 ± 0.5 mm and 1.8 ± 0.5 mm for MOX, respectively. After six months of follow-up, adjunctive MOX reduced the presence of to imperceptible levels, while LV markedly reduced this microorganism. Some adverse events were reported in the LV group and none in the MOX group.
CONCLUSIONS
Adjunctive MOX and LV improve probing depth and clinical attachment level compared with subgingival debridement alone in patients with periodontitis. The efficacy of these quinolones against was also superior.
PubMed: 35637653
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4334269 -
The Lancet Regional Health. Southeast... Jul 2022A major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and poor clinical outcomes is suboptimal antibiotic use, although data are lacking in low-resource settings. We...
BACKGROUND
A major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and poor clinical outcomes is suboptimal antibiotic use, although data are lacking in low-resource settings. We reviewed studies on systemic antibiotic use (WHO ATC/DDD category J01) for human health in Indonesia, and synthesized available evidence to identify opportunities for intervention.
METHODS
We systematically searched five international and national databases for eligible peer-reviewed articles, in English and Indonesian, published between 1 January 2000 and 1 June 2021 including: (1) antibiotic consumption; (2) prescribing appropriateness; (3) antimicrobial stewardship (AMS); (4) consumers' and providers' perceptions. Two independent reviewers included studies and extracted data. Study-level data were summarized using random-effects model meta-analysis for consumption and prescribing appropriateness, effect direction analysis for antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions, and qualitative synthesis for perception surveys. (PROSPERO: CRD42019134641).
FINDINGS
Of 9323 search hits, we included 100 reports on antibiotic consumption (20), prescribing appropriateness (49), AMS interventions (13), and/or perception (25) (8 categorized in >1 domain). The pooled estimate of overall antibiotic consumption was 134.8 DDD per 100 bed-days (95%CI 82.5-187.0) for inpatients and 121.1 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day (10.4-231.8) for outpatients. Ceftriaxone, levofloxacin, and ampicillin were the most consumed antibiotics in inpatients, and amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, and cefadroxil in outpatients. Pooled estimates for overall appropriate prescribing (according to Gyssens method) were 33.5% (18.1-53.4) in hospitals and 49.4% (23.7-75.4) in primary care. Pooled estimates for appropriate prescribing (according to reference guidelines) were, in hospitals, 99.7% (97.4-100) for indication, 84.9% (38.5-98.0) for drug choice, and 6.1% (0.2-63.2) for overall appropriateness, and, in primary care, 98.9% (60.9-100) for indication, 82.6% (50.5-95.7) for drug choice and 10.5% (0.8-62.6) for overall appropriateness. Studies to date evaluating bundled AMS interventions, although sparse and heterogeneous, suggested favourable effects on antibiotic consumption, prescribing appropriateness, guideline compliance, and patient outcomes. Key themes identified in perception surveys were lack of community antibiotic knowledge, and common non-prescription antibiotic self-medication.
INTERPRETATION
Context-specific intervention strategies are urgently needed to improve appropriate antibiotic use in Indonesian hospitals and communities, with critical evidence gaps concerning the private and informal healthcare sectors.
FUNDING
Wellcome Africa Asia Programme Vietnam.
PubMed: 37383293
DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2022.05.002 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Aug 2022Increasing usage of antimicrobials is a significant contributor to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Wastewater-based epidemiology is a useful...
Increasing usage of antimicrobials is a significant contributor to the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. Wastewater-based epidemiology is a useful tool for evaluating public health, via the monitoring of chemical and biological markers in wastewater influent, such as antibiotics. Sixteen antimicrobials and their metabolites were studied: sulfonamides, trimethoprim, metronidazole, quinolones, nitrofurantoin, cyclines, and antiretrovirals. Correction factors (CFs) for human drug excretion, for various drug forms, were determined via a systematic literature review of pharmacokinetic research. Analyte stability was examined over a 24 h study. The estimation of community-wide drug intake was evaluated using the corresponding catchment prescription data. Overall, antimicrobials excreted in an unchanged form were often observed to over-estimate daily intake. This could be attributed to biotransformation, e.g., via glucuronide cleavage, or direct disposal of unused drugs. Acetyl-sulfonamides, trimethoprim, hydroxy-metronidazole, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, tetracycline, and oxytetracycline generally performed well in the estimation of drug intake, relative to prescription records. The low prevalence of quinolone and trimethoprim metabolites, and the low stability of nitrofurantoin, limited the ability to evaluate these metabolites and their respective CFs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Humans; Metronidazole; Nitrofurantoin; Quinolones; Sulfonamides; Trimethoprim; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 35594673
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129001 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Nov 2022Vibrio cholera (V. cholera) is a facultative pathogen that colonizes the small intestine and produces cholerae toxin as the primary virulence factor that causes cholera... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Vibrio cholera (V. cholera) is a facultative pathogen that colonizes the small intestine and produces cholerae toxin as the primary virulence factor that causes cholera and fatal diarrhea in humans. In recent decades, V. cholera has emerged as a notorious multidrug-resistant enteric pathogen. This meta-analysis estimated the pooled proportion of V. cholera antimicrobial resistance against RNA and DNA effective antibiotics.
METHOD
A systematic search was performed for relevant literature until 05 June 2021 in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation was performed to estimate weighted pooled resistance (WPR).
RESULTS
The meta-analysis were included 164 articles. The WPR of V. cholera were as follows 76% [67,84] to furazolidone, 65% [29,94] to nitrofurantoin, 55% [44,66] to nalidixic acid, 10% [2,23] to rifampicin, 4%(0, 12) to novobiocin, 4% [2,6] to norfloxacin, 3% [1,4] to ciprofloxacin, 1%(0, 3) to sparofloxacin, 0%(0, 3) to levofloxacin, 0%(0, 2) to ofloxacin, 0%(0, 0) to gatifloxacin.
CONCLUSION
V. cholera is a severe problem in Asia and Africa, especially in South Asian countries. The resistance patterns are various in geographical regions. novobiocin 0% (0, 0), and ofloxacin 0% (0, 1) in Africa, gatifloxacin 0% (0, 0), and levofloxacin 0% (0, 6) in Asia and ciprofloxacin 0% (0, 2) in North America are most effective antibiotis. The resistance rate to furazolidone, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, and cephalothin has increased over the years. Monitoring antibiotic resistance and prescribing an appropriate antibiotic is vital to control resistance.
Topics: Humans; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cephalothin; Cholera; Cholera Toxin; Ciprofloxacin; Furazolidone; Gatifloxacin; Levofloxacin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nalidixic Acid; Nitrofurantoin; Norfloxacin; Novobiocin; Rifampin; Vibrio cholerae; Virulence Factors; Drug Resistance, Bacterial
PubMed: 35537594
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105514 -
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Aug 2022Antimicrobial resistance among Helicobacter pylori strains has been rising globally, leading to declining eradication rates. We performed a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Antimicrobial resistance among Helicobacter pylori strains has been rising globally, leading to declining eradication rates. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the resistance patterns of H. pylori strains in the United States between 2011 and 2021.
METHODS
Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched for manuscripts and conference abstracts published between 2011 and 2021 reporting H. pylori antibiotic resistance. A mixed-effects model estimated pooled rates of resistance to clarithromycin, amoxicillin, metronidazole, tetracycline, rifabutin, levofloxacin, or a combination of these, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies including 2,660 samples, met inclusion criteria. The pooled rate of resistance to metronidazole was 42.1% (95% CI 27.3%-58.6%), levofloxacin 37.6% (95% CI 26.3%-50.4%), clarithromycin 31.5% (95% CI 23.6%-40.6%), amoxicillin 2.6% (95% CI 1.4%-5.0%), tetracycline 0.87% (95% CI 0.2%-3.8%), rifabutin 0.17% (95% CI 0.00%-10.9%), and dual clarithromycin and metronidazole 11.7% (95% CI 0.1%-94.0%). Considerable data heterogeneity was evident for pooled resistance prevalence rates (I 2 > 50%), with the exception of rifabutin resistance.
DISCUSSION
Metronidazole, levofloxacin, and clarithromycin resistance rates each exceed 30%; thus, choosing an empiric antibiotic regimen without knowledge of the likely pattern of antibiotic resistance is not appropriate. Resistance to tetracycline, rifabutin, and amoxicillin remains low. Given the scarcity of available data with considerable heterogeneity among studies, continued surveillance, ideally with a more systematic approach to data collection, is an increasingly important goal in H. pylori management.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clarithromycin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Levofloxacin; Metronidazole; Rifabutin; Tetracycline; United States
PubMed: 35509128
DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001828