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PloS One 2020We examined the data reported in the studies for comparison of osteopontin (OPN) levels in tuberculosis and healthy participants, and to discuss whether OPN could be... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
We examined the data reported in the studies for comparison of osteopontin (OPN) levels in tuberculosis and healthy participants, and to discuss whether OPN could be extended to disease diagnosis, severity assessment and therapeutic effect monitering.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and WanFang databases. The pooled risk estimates were shown in standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for OPN levels. The random effect model was used according to the test of heterogeneity among studies. Subgroup analyses and meta-regression models were performed to identify the possible sources of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
17 retrospective studies with 933 tuberculosis participants and 786 healthy controls were finally included in this article. In the primary meta-analysis, higher serum/plasma OPN levels were found in tuberculosis patients (SMD = 2.58, 95%CI = 2.09~3.08, P<0.001). Besides, pooled results from positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) staining and imaging-severe tuberculosis group demonstrated higher OPN concentrations (SMD = 0.90, 95%CI = 0.58~1.21, P<0.001; SMD = 1.11, 95%CI = 0.90~1.33, P<0.001; respectively), and OPN levels decreased after two months of standard anti-tuberculosis therapy (SMD = 2.10, 95%CI = 1.36~2.85, P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Elevated serum/plasma OPN levels may be associated with an increased risk of tuberculosis, while further well-designed studies are needed. Moreover, OPN could be considered as a potential biomarker for tuberculosis surveillance and severity assessment.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Osteopontin; Publication Bias; Publications; Severity of Illness Index; Sputum; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 33264357
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242702 -
Cureus Aug 2020Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a health problem of paramount proportions and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Our study aims to review data... (Review)
Review
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a health problem of paramount proportions and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Our study aims to review data published on the effects of different types of bariatric surgeries on T2DM remission, compared to lifestyle and medical intervention (LMI) exclusively, along with a comprehensive finding of numerous preoperative factors that lead to remission. We used PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), and MEDLINE to search for literature. Our criteria included peer-reviewed, English language articles published in 2010 and onwards, consisting of adults with T2DM and a body mass index (BMI) of >30 kg/m as the population of interest. Twenty-four articles with 5,411 patients were selected for this systematic review, which included nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 15 observational studies. The primary endpoint was T2DM remission. Based on the review, bariatric surgery is superior to LMI in inducing remission in T2DM, especially when employing the Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) technique. Lower age of onset and shorter duration of T2DM, along with a high BMI are some of the factors that can lead to greater remission rates. Further research in RCTs is needed by incorporating double/triple-blind protocols, a standard definition of T2DM remission, long follow-up periods to evaluate for relapses in remission and any side effects, with a focus on inflammatory markers (eg, osteopontin), scoring systems (eg, DiaRem), and benefits of One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) over other modalities, to advance our understanding of T2DM remission.
PubMed: 32983676
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9973 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2020More than 100 substances have been identified as biomarkers of acute kidney injury. These markers can help to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI) in its early phase, when...
More than 100 substances have been identified as biomarkers of acute kidney injury. These markers can help to diagnose acute kidney injury (AKI) in its early phase, when the creatinine level is not increased. The two markers most frequently studied in plasma and serum are cystatin C and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). The former is a marker of kidney function and the latter is a marker of kidney damage. Some other promising serum markers, such as osteopontin and netrin-1, have also been proposed and studied. The list of promising urinary markers is much longer and includes cystatin C, NGAL, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), liver-type fatty-acid-binding protein (L-FABP), interleukin 18, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP-7), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 (TIMP-2) and many others. Although these markers are increased in urine for no longer than a few hours after nephrotoxic agent action, they are not widely used in clinical practice. Only combined IGFBP-7/TIMP-2 measurement was approved in some countries as a marker of AKI. Several studies have shown that the levels of urinary AKI biomarkers are increased after physical exercise. This systematic review focuses on studies concerning changes in new AKI biomarkers in healthy adults after single exercise. Twenty-seven papers were identified and analyzed in this review. The interpretation of results from different studies was difficult because of the variety of study groups, designs and methodology. The most convincing data concern cystatin C. There is evidence that cystatin C is a better indicator of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in athletes after exercise than creatinine and also at rest in athletes with a lean mass lower or higher than average. Serum and plasma NGAL are increased after prolonged exercise, but the level also depends on inflammation and hypoxia; therefore, it seems that in physical exercise, it is too sensitive for AKI diagnosis. It may, however, help to diagnose subclinical kidney injury, e.g., in rhabdomyolysis. Urinary biomarkers are increased after many types of exercise. Increases in NGAL, KIM-1, cystatin-C, L-FABP and interleukin 18 are common, but the levels of most urinary AKI biomarkers decrease rapidly after exercise. The importance of this short-term increase in AKI biomarkers after exercise is doubtful. It is not clear if it is a sign of mild kidney injury or physiological metabolic adaptation to exercise.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Biomarkers; Exercise; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans
PubMed: 32784748
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165673 -
Archives of Oral Biology Jul 2020The aim of this review was to appraise the existing evidence from pre- clinical research on tooth movement under the condition of hyperglycemic status. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to appraise the existing evidence from pre- clinical research on tooth movement under the condition of hyperglycemic status.
DESIGN
Electronic search was conducted in 8 databases in October 13, 2019, to identify related pre- clinical animal research with keywords being: "diabetes mellitus", "tooth movement". Eligibility criteria involved controlled animal studies, entailing tooth movement under diabetic status compared to control healthy animals. Primary endpoints involved all outcomes related to tooth movement. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed through the SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation tool (SYRCLE), while quantitative synthesis was planned after exploration of heterogeneity, through random effects meta-analyses of standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs).
RESULTS
Of an initial number of 290 articles retrieved, 14 papers were eligible for inclusion in the qualitative synthesis, while 9 contributed to meta-analyses. Heterogeneity of experimental conditions in individual studies was evident. The risk of bias overall was rated as unclear to high. There was no evidence of a significant effect of diabetes mellitus when tooth movement was assessed macroscopically (6 studies, SMD: 1.47; 95 % CI: -0.60, 3.53; p = 0.16). However, attenuation of osteoblastic differentiation within the periodontal ligament was detected, as there was evidence of reduction of osteopontin expression (2 studies, SMD: -3.77; 95 %CI: -4.89, -2.66; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
There is currently a paucity of solid evidence with regard to alterations of the equilibrium of the implicated structures under the status of diabetes mellitus, when mechanical stimulation of teeth is attempted, with sporadic inferences from animal research. Significant research insights in how the disease impacts on orthodontic tooth movement are invaluable, at present.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus; Hyperglycemia; Periodontal Ligament; Tooth Movement Techniques; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32422362
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104739 -
The Journal of International Medical... Aug 2019Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in chronic airway remodeling and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The association between OPN protein expression and asthma has... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important role in chronic airway remodeling and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The association between OPN protein expression and asthma has been investigated extensively, but the results of these studies are inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the relationship between OPN protein expression and asthma.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed to identify published studies regarding the association between OPN protein expression and asthma. Studies with quantitative data were analyzed, and standardized mean differences were determined with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
Nine studies were included in this analysis, involving 706 patients with asthma and 332 healthy controls. The pooled data from these studies demonstrated that OPN protein expression was significantly higher in patients with asthma than in controls. There was no significant difference in OPN protein between allergic asthma and nonallergic asthma. Moreover, there was no obvious relationship between OPN protein expression and the severity of asthma.
CONCLUSION
The results of this meta-analysis suggested that OPN protein expression is significantly upregulated in patients with asthma, but that it does not correlate with the type or severity of asthma.
Topics: Asthma; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Osteopontin
PubMed: 31315491
DOI: 10.1177/0300060519860684 -
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research Nov 2019To evaluate whether changes in the concentration of different biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be used to detect the root resorption process in...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate whether changes in the concentration of different biomarkers in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be used to detect the root resorption process in adult or adolescent patients undergoing treatment with a fixed appliance, in comparison with untreated subjects or treated patients not showing signs of root resorption.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The following databases were analysed in the period between June 2017 and March 2018, without any language and initial date restrictions: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. A quality assessment instrument (QAI) was developed to establish the risk of bias.
RESULTS
A total of 1127 articles were analysed. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven studies qualified for the final review. The QAI tool revealed that five articles were at a moderate risk of bias and two articles were at a low risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
Dentine phosphoprotein (DPP) may be considered a relatively useful marker for root resorption. Dentinal sialoprotein (DSP) could be a potential biomarker but is not highly helpful at detecting root shortening. Inflammatory cytokines (pro- and anti-resorption), osteopontin (OPN), osteoprotegerin (OPG), RANKL and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) are useful biomarkers to explain the biological mechanisms that occur during orthodontic movement but are not specific enough. Further studies are required to clarify the role of GM-CSF as a potential biomarker to distinguish subjects at a risk of severe root resorption in the early phase.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Cytokines; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Root Resorption; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 31207100
DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12329 -
Medicine Oct 2018The prognostic value of tissue and serum osteopontin (OPN) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. The aim of present meta-analysis was to evaluate the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The prognostic value of tissue and serum osteopontin (OPN) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain controversial. The aim of present meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognostic value of OPN in patients with HCC.
METHODS
Eligible studies were systematically searched by PubMed, EMBASE, and Google scholar. A meta-analysis of 12 studies included 2117 cases was performed to estimate the association between OPN level and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) in HCC patients. Subgroup analyses were also performed in the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The pooled data of studies showed that high OPN level was significantly associated with poor OS (hazard ratios [HR] 1.84; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.54-2.20; P = .000) and DFS (HR 1.67; 95% CI 1.40-1.98; P = .000) in HCC. Furthermore, in subgroup analysis, high tissue based OPN by immunohistochemistry detection and serum-based OPN by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detection were both significantly associated with OS (tissue: HR 1.88; 95% CI 1.53-2.31; P < .0001; serum: HR 2.38; 95% CI 1.58-3.59; P < .0001). Simultaneously, we also found that OPN expression was positively associated with stage (odds ratios [OR] 5.68; 95% CI 3.443-7.758), tumor size (Size≤5 cm vs >5 cm; OR 2.001; 95% CI1.036-3.867).
CONCLUSION
The current evidence indicates that OPN could serve as a prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for HCC.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease-Free Survival; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Osteopontin; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 30412113
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012954 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2018Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), caused by narrowing of the arteries in the limbs, is increasing in incidence and prevalence as our population is ageing and as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), caused by narrowing of the arteries in the limbs, is increasing in incidence and prevalence as our population is ageing and as diabetes is becoming more prevalent. PAD can cause pain in the limbs while walking, known as intermittent claudication, or can be more severe and cause pain while at rest, ulceration, and ultimately gangrene and limb loss. This more severe stage of PAD is known as 'critical limb ischaemia'. Treatments for PAD include medications that help to reduce the increased risk of cardiovascular events and help improve blood flow, as well as endovascular or surgical repair or bypass of the blocked arteries. However, many people are unresponsive to medications and are not suited to surgical or endovascular treatment, leaving amputation as the last option. Gene therapy is a novel approach in which genetic material encoding for proteins that may help increase revascularisation is injected into the affected limbs of patients. This type of treatment has been shown to be safe, but its efficacy, especially regarding ulcer healing, effects on quality of life, and other symptomatic outcomes remain unknown.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effects of gene therapy for symptomatic peripheral arterial disease.
SEARCH METHODS
The Cochrane Vascular Information Specialist searched Cochrane CENTRAL, the Cochrane Vascular Specialised Register, MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Ovid, CINAHL, and AMED, along with trials registries (all searched 27 November 2017). We also checked reference lists of included studies and systematic reviews for further studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised and quasi-randomised studies that evaluated gene therapy versus no gene therapy in people with PAD. We excluded studies that evaluated direct growth hormone treatment or cell-based treatments.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently selected studies, performed quality assessment, and extracted data from the included studies. We collected pertinent information on each study, as well as data for the outcomes of amputation-free survival, ulcer healing, quality of life, amputation, all-cause mortality, ankle brachial index, symptom scores, and claudication distance.
MAIN RESULTS
We included in this review a total of 17 studies with 1988 participants (evidence current until November 2017). Three studies limited their inclusion to people with intermittent claudication, 12 limited inclusion to people with varying levels of critical limb ischaemia, and two included people with either condition. Study investigators evaluated many different types of gene therapies, using different protocols. Most studies evaluated growth factor-encoding gene therapy, with six studies using vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-encoding genes, four using hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-encoding genes, and three using fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-encoded genes. Two studies evaluated hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) gene therapy, one study used a developmental endothelial locus-1 gene therapy, and the final study evaluated a stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) gene therapy. Most studies reported outcomes after 12 months of follow-up, but follow-up ranged from three months to two years.Overall risk of bias varied between studies, with many studies not providing sufficient detail for adequate determination of low risk of bias for many domains. Two studies did not utilise a placebo control, leading to risk of performance bias. Several studies reported in previous protocols or in their Methods sections that they would report on certain outcomes for which no data were then reported, increasing risk of reporting bias. All included studies reported sponsorships from corporate entities that led to unclear risk of other bias. The overall quality of evidence ranged from moderate to very low, generally as the result of heterogeneity and imprecision, with few or no studies reporting on outcomes.Evidence suggests no clear differences for the outcomes of amputation-free survival, major amputation, and all-cause mortality between those treated with gene therapy and those not receiving this treatment (all moderate-quality evidence). Low-quality evidence suggests improvement in complete ulcer healing with gene therapy (odds ratio (OR) 2.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 4.59; P = 0.04). We could not combine data on quality of life and can draw no conclusions at this time regarding this outcome (very low-quality evidence). We included one study in the meta-analysis for ankle brachial index, which showed no clear differences between treatments, but we can draw no overall association (low-quality evidence). We combined in a meta-analysis pain symptom scores as assessed by visual analogue scales from two studies and found no clear differences between treatment groups (very low-quality evidence). We carried out extensive subgroup analyses by PAD classification, dosage schedule, vector type, and gene used but identified no substantial differences.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Moderate-quality evidence shows no clear differences in amputation-free survival, major amputation, and all-cause mortality between those treated with gene therapy and those not receiving gene therapy. Some evidence suggests that gene therapy may lead to improved complete ulcer healing, but this outcome needs to be explored with improved reporting of the measure, such as decreased ulcer area in cm², and better description of ulcer types and healing. Further standardised data that are amenable to meta-analysis are needed to evaluate other outcomes such as quality of life, ankle brachial index, symptom scores, and claudication distance.
Topics: Amputation, Surgical; Chemokine CXCL12; Extremities; Fibroblast Growth Factors; Genetic Therapy; Hepatocyte Growth Factor; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Intermittent Claudication; Ischemia; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 30380135
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012058.pub2 -
Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue = National Journal... Oct 2018Erectile dysfunction (ED) is closely related with the phenotypic modulation of corporal cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC), a transitional tendency of CCSMCs...
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is closely related with the phenotypic modulation of corporal cavernosum smooth muscle cells (CCSMC), a transitional tendency of CCSMCs switching from the contractile phenotype to the synthetic or proliferative phenotype. The molecular markers of contractile CCSMCs include α-SMA, SMMHC, Calponin, Smoothelin, and Desmin, while those of synthetic or proliferative CCSMCs involve Vimentin, Osteopontin, and Collagen I. Current studies show that phenotypic transformation of CCSMCs is related to the pathophysiological processes of different types of ED, such as bilateral cavernous nerve injury-induced ED, diabetes mellitus-associated ED, arterial ED, hypertension-associated ED, and so on. In addition, such external factors as hypoxia, platelet-derived growth factor, and tobacco combustion gas may directly affect rats or CCSMCs and consequently lead to phenotypic conversion of CCSMCs. This article presents a systematic review of the studies on the correlation of phenotypic transition of CCSMCs with ED.
Topics: Animals; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Muscle Contraction; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle; Penis; Phenotype; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 32212450
DOI: No ID Found