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Journal of Stomatology, Oral and... Oct 2022Metastasis to oral and maxillofacial region (MOMFR) is an unusual finding; representing between 1 and 1.5% of all malignancies in the maxillofacial region. A systematic...
OBJECTIVE
Metastasis to oral and maxillofacial region (MOMFR) is an unusual finding; representing between 1 and 1.5% of all malignancies in the maxillofacial region. A systematic review is presented to determine trends in presentation, diagnostic features, and patient outcome.
METHODS
Searches of databases were carried out for papers reporting MOMFR. The variables were demographics, patient symptoms, tumor location, tumor size, histopathology, origin of the tumor, immunohistochemical studies, follow-up and survival.
RESULTS
696 cases were identified; 391 males, and 305 females. The most common race was white. The most common primary tumor for females was from breast 31.1% (n = 95), for males from lung 20.5% (n = 143). The most common location was the mandible 44.9% (n = 313), followed by gingival soft tissue 16.8% (n = 117). A frequent clinical symptom was pain with 17.5% (n = 122). The most common clinical presentation was a mass or tumor 37.4% (n = 260). The mean age was 58.8 years. The average time before diagnosis was 10.3 months, the mean follow-up after diagnosis was 13.1 months, and the average survival was 9.8 months.
CONCLUSION
MOMFR shows a strong predilection for the posterior mandible, with a mass or tumor being the most common clinical presentation. They are frequently painful, and demonstrate a poor prognosis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms
PubMed: 34933137
DOI: 10.1016/j.jormas.2021.12.009 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Oct 2022YouTube has become the preferred resource for trainees to learn and prepare for surgical cases. This study evaluated the educational quality of YouTube videos detailing...
OBJECTIVE
YouTube has become the preferred resource for trainees to learn and prepare for surgical cases. This study evaluated the educational quality of YouTube videos detailing thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.
METHOD
YouTube was systematically searched using 11 terms related to thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Four independent clinical reviewers assessed the videos using Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines as well as modified Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines subgroup tools.
RESULTS
Sixty-five videos were identified and evaluated. Overall Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines score was 8.58 ± 3.85 (mean subgroup score, 5.67 ± 2.40). Twenty-eight of 65, 25 of 65 and 12 of 65 videos were deemed medium, low and high quality, respectively. Inter-rater reliability was good for both attending surgeons and residents. Presence of audio or visual commentary had a positive correlation with total Laparoscopic Surgery Video Educational Guidelines scores (=0.38). Videos produced by otolaryngologists and US-based physicians scored higher on total scores compared to non-otolaryngology and non-US based physicians.
CONCLUSION
Some YouTube videos on thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy exhibit high educational value. Future efforts should increase the number of high-quality YouTube videos containing both audio and visual commentary or create an online repository of videos for medical students and residents to augment their surgical training.
Topics: Humans; Parathyroidectomy; Reproducibility of Results; Social Media; Thyroidectomy; Video Recording
PubMed: 34895376
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215121004096 -
Otolaryngology--head and Neck Surgery :... Dec 2022Acute mastoiditis is commonly attributed to infection. Rarely do clinicians encounter cases that do not respond to traditional antibiotics or surgical management. The... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Acute mastoiditis is commonly attributed to infection. Rarely do clinicians encounter cases that do not respond to traditional antibiotics or surgical management. The goal of this study was to systematically review the literature to characterize diseases masquerading as acute infectious mastoiditis.
DATA SOURCES
PubMed, Embase, and Scopus.
REVIEW METHODS
A systematic review was performed to identify all publications that reported on diseases with presentations mimicking acute mastoiditis, defined as postauricular redness, swelling, and tenderness. We included clinical prospective studies, retrospective studies, and case series/reports. Exclusion criteria included non-English articles, letters/commentaries, abstracts, and review articles.
RESULTS
Out of 3339 results, 35 studies met final inclusion criteria. In children, 11 diseases were reported to mimic mastoiditis, including solid tumors, hematologic diseases, and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. The most common disease in children was Langerhans cell histiocytosis, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma and acute myelogenous leukemia. In adults, 8 additional diseases were reported. The most common disease in adults was squamous cell carcinoma, followed by nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Presenting symptoms are reviewed, as well as characteristic radiographic, laboratory, and intraoperative features that may assist with diagnosis. A diagnostic algorithm for atypical cases of acute mastoiditis is proposed.
CONCLUSION
A small but significant group of diseases in children and adults can mimic acute mastoiditis. In such cases, history and examination alone may be insufficient to reach a diagnosis, and further investigation may be necessary. Otolaryngologists should always be mindful of the possibility that noninfectious pathologies may present with a constellation of symptoms similar to mastoiditis.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Mastoiditis; Retrospective Studies; Noncommunicable Diseases; Prospective Studies; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Acute Disease
PubMed: 34874762
DOI: 10.1177/01945998211064190 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Dec 2021Clinical guidelines suggest adenoidectomy when enlarged adenoids are associated with nasal obstruction and other symptoms. Given that nasal obstruction is the leading... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Clinical guidelines suggest adenoidectomy when enlarged adenoids are associated with nasal obstruction and other symptoms. Given that nasal obstruction is the leading symptom of adenoid hypertrophy, it should be thoroughly explored. However, there is no consensus regarding what could be the best approach. This systematic review is designed with the objective of exploring the extent to which adenoidectomy can decrease nasal resistance through rhinomanometry.
REVIEW METHODS
3 authors members of the YO-IFOS rhinology study group independently analyzed the data sources (Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SciELO) for papers assessing the change in nasal resistance and/or nasal airflow in rhinomanometry after adenoidectomy in pediatric patients.
RESULTS
A total of 9 studies with a total population of 423 participants (323 patients excluding healthy controls) met the inclusion criteria. All of them found decreased nasal resistance after adenoidectomy. 5 studies could be combined in a metanalysis, which revealed a statistically significant difference of 0.52 Pa in basal conditions, and 0.64 Pa in rhinomanometry under nasal decongestion. 4 authors explored changes in nasal airflow. All of them found a statistically significant increase in nasal airflow after adenoidectomy. However, their results could not be merged in a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated the existence of a systematic decrease in nasal resistance and increase in nasal airflow with and without nasal decongestant after adenoidectomy. The available evidence suggests that rhinomanometry with nasal decongestant could help in intermediate cases of adenoid hypertrophy, in order to identify the presence of nasal obstruction and, when present, the possibility of other causes for it rather than enlarged adenoids, mainly turbinate hypertrophy.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Child; Humans; Hypertrophy; Nasal Obstruction; Rhinomanometry
PubMed: 34781112
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110969 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Mar 2024To compare voice rehabilitation-related quality of life among patients surgically treated for total laryngectomy and rehabilitated with esophageal (EV) and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
To compare voice rehabilitation-related quality of life among patients surgically treated for total laryngectomy and rehabilitated with esophageal (EV) and tracheoesophageal (TEV) voice.
METHODS
A systematic literature review of articles from the past 20 years was conducted, and only full-text English articles comparing VTE and EV results in laryngectomized patients were included.
RESULTS
We provided 15 articles for a total of 1085 laryngectomized patients undergoing voice rehabilitation, of which 869 (80.1%) were treated with voice prosthesis while 216 (19.9%) to esophageal speech. Pooled VHI outcomes showed a significantly better score for the TEV group than EV one (31.93±12.11 versus 35.39±20.6; P = 0.003), but no significant difference was recorded at VrQoL (8.27±5.98 versus 9.27±2.02; P = 0.19).
CONCLUSION
TEV and EV are both effective procedures in voice rehabilitation after laryngectomy. Although TEV allows for significantly better speech performance, it does not necessarily correlate with a high VrQoL.
Topics: Humans; Laryngectomy; Quality of Life; Voice; Larynx, Artificial; Speech, Alaryngeal; Speech, Esophageal
PubMed: 34763996
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.09.040 -
Head and Neck Pathology Sep 2022Clear cell Odontogenic Carcinoma (CCOC) is an uncommon malignant odontogenic tumor (MOT). It is the fifth most common MOT. A systematic review is presented of reported... (Review)
Review
Clear cell Odontogenic Carcinoma (CCOC) is an uncommon malignant odontogenic tumor (MOT). It is the fifth most common MOT. A systematic review is presented of reported cases, case series and retrospective studies of CCOC, to determine trends in presentation, diagnostic features, treatment, and patient outcome. Searches of detailed databases were carried out to identify papers reporting CCOC. The variables were demographics, patient symptoms, tumor location, histopathological findings, immunohistochemical studies, treatment, follow-up, and recurrence. 117 cases were identified; CCOC was most frequently seen in mature females 65% (n = 76). The total average age was 55.4 with a range from 17 to 89 years, for females 56.4 and males 53.6 years. The mean size was 3.41 cm. The most common location was in the mandibular body 36.2% (n = 42), followed by the anterior mandible 23.3% (n = 27). The most common clinical presentation was a swelling 80.4% (n = 74), and the main symptom was pain 41.3% (n = 31), followed by painless lesion 24% (n = 18). The most common Immunohistochemistry positive expression was CK19, EMA, and CEA, and for special staining periodic acid Shiff (PAS); 97% of cases were treated surgically. The average follow-up was 30.3 months, and recurrence was reported in 52.4% of the cases. Conclusion: CCOC shows a strong predilection for the body and anterior mandible, and females are more frequently affected. CCOCs can be painful and the principle clinical sign is swelling, CCOCs can metastasize, and the prognosis is fair.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Male; Mandible; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Odontogenic Tumors; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 34618301
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01383-9 -
Clinical Otolaryngology : Official... Jan 2022We performed a systematic review on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and risk-related chronic rhinosinusitis. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
We performed a systematic review on single-nucleotide polymorphisms and risk-related chronic rhinosinusitis.
DESIGN AND SETTING
A comprehensive review of the last 20 years' English language literature regarding chronic rhinosinusitis and single-nucleotide polymorphisms was performed. We included in the synthesis all the papers reporting gene variation implicated in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammation and polyps.
RESULTS
We found 12 papers with 9127 patients, of which 2739 CRS cases and 6388 controls. The major comorbidities reported related to chronic rhinosinusitis were atopy in 4555 (49.9%), asthma in 4594 (50.33%), Samter Triad in 448 (4.9%) and eosinophilia in 391 subjects (4.28%).
CONCLUSION
Our systematic review revealed the major SNPs significantly associated with chronic rhinosinusitis and the specific pathways involved. Given the presence of different extraction methods and samples sequencing, further studies with larger courts are necessary to identify significative single-nucleotide polymorphisms.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Comorbidity; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Rhinitis; Sinusitis
PubMed: 34599556
DOI: 10.1111/coa.13870 -
The Laryngoscope Jun 2022Ibuprofen is included on websites and frequently referenced lists as medium risk for inducing hemolysis in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Ibuprofen is included on websites and frequently referenced lists as medium risk for inducing hemolysis in children with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. This presents a challenge for otolaryngologists who perform tonsillectomy and other surgeries in children, as ibuprofen serves as an important alternative to opioids for perioperative pain control. We systematically review published literature and national medication databases to evaluate the risk of hemolytic anemia and related complications when ibuprofen is used in children with G6PD deficiency.
METHODS
Systematic literature review using preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses methodology. National drug adverse reaction database inquiry.
RESULTS
Our search yielded 774 results for review consideration. Of these, three studies were included in our final analysis (two retrospective case-series, and one nonrandomized prospective study). The prospective study showed no evidence of hemolysis from perioperative exposure to ibuprofen or other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in children with G6PD deficiency at high risk. Two population studies in the Middle East suggested extremely low incidence of ibuprofen-related hemolysis (approximate 1/100,000 affected children per year). United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), European Medicine Agency, and Health Canada adverse drug reaction databases reveled reported ibuprofen-related hematologic adverse reactions of approximate 1/100 million affected children per year.
CONCLUSIONS
There is scant, low-quality evidence of hemolytic anemia caused by ibuprofen in children with G6PD deficiency. If an association does exist, it is extremely rare. Drug-induced hemolytic anemias are recognizable and reversible following discontinuation of the inciting medication. Given these low risks, ibuprofen should be considered an appropriate choice in the management of perioperative pain in children with G6PD deficiency.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
NA Laryngoscope, 132:1300-1305, 2022.
Topics: Child; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency; Hemolysis; Humans; Ibuprofen; Pain; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; United States
PubMed: 34546579
DOI: 10.1002/lary.29868 -
International Journal of Pediatric... Dec 2021adenoidectomy is one of the most common surgical procedure in pediatric otolaryngology practice. Clinical guidelines (such as the Spanish or American) suggest... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
adenoidectomy is one of the most common surgical procedure in pediatric otolaryngology practice. Clinical guidelines (such as the Spanish or American) suggest adenoidectomy when the enlargement of the adenoids is associated with nasal obstruction. Nasal endoscopy and cephalograms are adequate methods to estimate the size of the adenoids. However, they do not measure nasal patency. This systematic review is designed with the objective of exploring the relationship between adenoid size and nasal ventilation through rhinomanometry.
REVIEW METHODS
3 authors members of the YO-IFOS rhinology study group independently analyzed the data sources (Pubmed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, SciELO) for papers assessing both nasal resistance and/or nasal airflow in rhinomanometry and adenoid size by any method (endoscopy, cephalogram, direct examination).
RESULTS
A total of 10 studies with a total population of 969 participants met the inclusion criteria. 5 authors explored the size of the adenoids through endoscopy. 4 authors explored the adenoids through lateral cephalograms. Finally, a further 2 authors explored adenoid size studying the resected tissue. Five studies explored the correlation between adenoid size and nasal resistance in rhinomanometry, which ranged from 0.20 to 0.84. Finally, 5 studies used nasal decongestant. It was found higher sensitivity and specificity, a higher area under the curve for the receiver operating characteristic curve, and higher correlation with adenoid size for rhinomanometry under nasal decongestion.
CONCLUSION
Up to now, there is no ideal diagnostic method for adenoid hypertrophy. Therefore, it seems prudent to use a combination of all currently available tools, as they provide complementary, rather than supplementary information. Available evidence suggests that rhinomanometry combined with nasal decongestant could help to elucidate the existence of nasal obstruction in intermediate cases of adenoid hypertrophy, as well as throw light on other possible causes for nasal obstruction, mainly turbinate hypertrophy.
Topics: Adenoidectomy; Adenoids; Child; Endoscopy; Humans; Hypertrophy; Nasal Obstruction; Rhinomanometry
PubMed: 34537548
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110895 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Sep 2021COVID-19 disease may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal infections. We report a patient with COVID-19 infection who developed rhino-facial...
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 disease may be associated with a wide range of bacterial and fungal infections. We report a patient with COVID-19 infection who developed rhino-facial mucormycosis during treatment with corticosteroids.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 59-year-old non-diabetic male patient was admitted with a diagnosis of COVID-19 based on positive RT-PCR and CT of the lungs. Due to sever lung involvement, he was treated with methylprednisolone. The patient was re-admitted to hospital, due to nasal obstruction and left side facial and orbital swelling, several days after discharge. In sinus endoscopic surgery, debridement was performed and the specimens were sent to pathology and mycology laboratories. A nasal biopsy showed wide hyphae without septa. The sequenced PCR product revealed Rhizopus oryzae. Despite all medical and surgical treatment, the patient died. In addition, the characteristics of patients with COVID-19-associated mucormycosis were reviewed in 44 available literatures. In most studies, diabetes mellitus was the most common predisposing factor for mucormycosis.
CONCLUSION
Our report highlights the need for assessing the presence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19 and also it shows that physicians should consider the potential for secondary invasive fungal infections in COVID-19 cases.
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Invasive Fungal Infections; Male; Middle Aged; Mucormycosis; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34479495
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06625-3