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Pancreas Jul 2019To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of KRAS mutation in pancreatic cystic fluid and compare it with carcinoembryonic antigen and cytology, we identified studies with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of KRAS mutation in pancreatic cystic fluid and compare it with carcinoembryonic antigen and cytology, we identified studies with cyst fluid obtained by endoscopic ultrasound prior to surgery. We classified cysts as malignant, premalignant, and benign. A random-effects model was used for quantitative meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivities, specificities, and summary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were conducted. We analyzed 16 studies, with 3429 patients, including 731 referred for surgery. Carcinoembryonic antigen was better for clinically significant cysts (premalignant and malignant) with sensitivity = 0.58 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53-0.65), specificity = 0.9 (95% CI, 0.76-0.97), and area under the curve (AUC) = 0.69. Cytology performed better in malignant cysts, with sensitivity = 0.37 (95% CI, 0.27-0.48), specificity = 0.96 (95% CI, 0.93-0.98), and AUC = 0.78. Isolated, KRAS mutation failed the diagnosis of malignant and significant cysts, with sensitivities = 0.43 (95% CI, 0.34-0.43) and 0.46 (95% CI, 0.42-0.51), specificities = 0.62 (95% CI, 0.56-0.68) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.92-0.99), and AUCs = 0.56 and 0.53, respectively. Carcinoembryonic antigen and cytology are more accurate than KRAS. Additional studies are lacking to recommend KRAS as a single diagnostic test.
Topics: Carcinoembryonic Antigen; Cyst Fluid; Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration; Humans; Pancreatic Cyst; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 31206466
DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0000000000001325 -
Medicine Feb 2019This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare surgical and endoscopic treatment for pancreatic pseudocyst (PP). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare surgical and endoscopic treatment for pancreatic pseudocyst (PP).
METHODS
The researchers did a search in Medline, EMBASE, Scielo/Lilacs, and Cochrane electronic databases for studies comparing surgical and endoscopic drainage of PP s in adult patients. Then, the extracted data were used to perform a meta-analysis. The outcomes were therapeutic success, drainage-related adverse events, general adverse events, recurrence rate, cost, and time of hospitalization.
RESULTS
There was no significant difference between treatment success rate (risk difference [RD] -0.09; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.20,0.01]; P = .07), drainage-related adverse events (RD -0.02; 95% CI [-0.04,0.08]; P = .48), general adverse events (RD -0.05; 95% CI [-0.12, 0.02]; P = .13) and recurrence (RD: 0.02; 95% CI [-0.04,0.07]; P = .58) between surgical and endoscopic treatment.Regarding time of hospitalization, the endoscopic group had better results (RD: -4.23; 95% CI [-5.18, -3.29]; P < .00001). When it comes to treatment cost, the endoscopic arm also had better outcomes (RD: -4.68; 95% CI [-5.43,-3.94]; P < .00001).
CONCLUSION
There is no significant difference between surgical and endoscopic treatment success rates, adverse events and recurrence for PP. However, time of hospitalization and treatment costs were lower in the endoscopic group.
Topics: Cost Savings; Drainage; Endoscopy; Humans; Length of Stay; Pancreatic Pseudocyst; Postoperative Complications; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30813129
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000014255 -
Expert Review of Gastroenterology &... Dec 2018Acute pancreatitis is a frequent, nonmalignant gastrointestinal disorder leading to hospital admission. For its severe form and subsequent complications, minimally...
Acute pancreatitis is a frequent, nonmalignant gastrointestinal disorder leading to hospital admission. For its severe form and subsequent complications, minimally invasive and endoscopic procedures are being used increasingly, and are subject to rapid technical advances. Areas covered: Based on a systematic literature search in PubMed, medline, and Web-of-Science, we discuss the currently available treatment strategies for endoscopic therapy of pancreatic pseudocysts, walled-off pancreatic necrosis (WON), and disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome (DPDS), and compare the efficacy and safety of plastic and metal stents. A special focus is placed on studies directly comparing different stent types, including lumen-apposing metal stents (LAMS) and clinical outcomes when draining pseudocysts or WONs. The clinical significance and endoscopic treatment options for DPDS are also discussed. Expert commentary: Endoscopic therapy has become the treatment of choice for different types of pancreatic and peripancreatic collections, the majority of which, however, require no intervention. The use of LAMS has facilitated drainage and necrosectomy in patients with WON or pseudocysts. Serious complications remain a problem in spite of high technical and clinical success rates. DPDS is an increasingly recognized problem in the presence of pseudocysts or WONs but evidence for endoscopic stent placement in this situation remains insufficient.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Drainage; Endosonography; Humans; Pancreatic Pseudocyst; Pancreatitis; Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing; Prosthesis Design; Stents; Syndrome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography, Interventional
PubMed: 30791791
DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2018.1537781 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Oct 2019Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas can progress to cancer. Biomarkers have been identified that were reported to increase the accuracy of...
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas can progress to cancer. Biomarkers have been identified that were reported to increase the accuracy of identification of malignant lesions; we performed a systematic review of the accuracy of these markers.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of published studies on biomarkers of malignant IPMNs by searching MEDLINE and Web of Science databases from January 2005 through December 2017. Our methods were developed based on the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic curves, and their respective areas under the curve (AUC) were calculated from groups of markers (cell-, protein-, or DNA-based) measured in samples collected before and after surgery. A hypothetical test model was developed to determine how to meaningfully amend the revised Fukuoka guidelines, focusing on increasing test specificity for patients with IPMNs that have worrisome features.
RESULTS
We collected data from 193 published studies, comprising 12,297 patients, that analyzed 7 preoperative and 21 postoperative markers of IPMNs. The 3 biomarkers that identified malignant IPMNs with the largest AUC values were pancreatic juice cytology (AUC, 0.84; sensitivity, 0.54; specificity, 0.91), serum protein carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (AUC, 0.81; sensitivity, 0.45; specificity, 0.90), and cyst fluid cytology (AUC, 0.82; sensitivity, 0.57; specificity, 0.84). A combination of cytologic and immunohistochemical analysis of MUC1 and MUC2 in pancreatic juice samples identified malignant IPMNs with the largest AUC and sensitivity values (AUC, 0.85; sensitivity, 0.85; specificity, 0.65). In a test model, inclusion of cytologic analysis of pancreatic juice in the guideline algorithm significantly increased the specificity of detection of malignant IPMNs.
CONCLUSIONS
In a systematic review, we found cytologic analysis of pancreatic juice to have the greatest effect in increasing the specificity of detection of malignant IPMNs. We propose addition of this test to the Fukuoka guidelines for assessment of patients with IPMNs with worrisome features.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasms; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 30630102
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.12.034 -
Surgery May 2019The aim of this systematic review is to assess the role of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the preoperative evaluation of intraductal papillary...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this systematic review is to assess the role of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the preoperative evaluation of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and cystic lesions of the pancreas.
METHODS
A computerized PubMed search was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines to identify studies evaluating positron emission tomography in the preoperative evaluation of pancreatic cystic lesions.
RESULTS
A total of 14 studies evaluated the role of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/positron emission tomography-computed tomography, 9 of which evaluated only intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and 5 evaluated all pancreatic cystic lesions, including intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Pooled analysis was carried out for studies evaluating intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms only and studies evaluating all cystic lesions. Imaging with 18-fluorodeoxyblucose positron emission tomography had a positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 90%, 91%, 85%, 95%, and 91% in identifying malignancy (defined as either invasive and/or high-grade dysplasia) in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and a positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 85%, 81%, 79%, 86%, and 88% in identifying malignancy in other cystic lesions. Pooled analysis reported the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of Sendai consensus guidelines (SCG) criteria as 69%, 69%, 68%, 55%, and 58%. The Fukuoka consensus guidelines (FCG) only had sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy reported as 61%, 52%, and 52%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
The 18-fluorodeoxyblucose positron emission tomography had a high degree of accuracy of detecting malignancy in intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and cystic lesion of the pancreas. Comparison of the utility of positron emission tomography with the Fukuoka consensus guidelines and the Sendai consensus guidelines suggest that positron emission tomography is superior to present guidelines in detecting malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and cystic lesion of the pancreas. Further studies in larger patient cohorts may be required to corroborate these findings and to determine the place of positron emission tomography in the management of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and cystic lesions of the pancreas.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatectomy; Pancreatic Cyst; Pancreatic Intraductal Neoplasms; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Positron-Emission Tomography; Predictive Value of Tests; Preoperative Care; Radiopharmaceuticals; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 30577952
DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2018.11.006 -
Pancreatology : Official Journal of the... Jan 2019Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are frequent incidental findings. As most PCLs require costly diagnostic evaluation and active surveillance, it is important to clarify... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are frequent incidental findings. As most PCLs require costly diagnostic evaluation and active surveillance, it is important to clarify their prevalence in asymptomatic individuals. We therefore aimed at performing a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine it.
METHODS
a systematic search was conducted and studies meeting inclusion criteria were included. The prevalence of PCLs was pooled across studies. A random effect model was used with assessment of heterogeneity.
RESULTS
17 studies, with 48,860 patients, were included. Only 3 were prospective; 5 studies were conducted in the US, 7 in Europe, 4 in Asia and 1 in Brazil. The pooled prevalence of PCLs was 8% (95% CI 4-14) with considerable heterogeneity (I = 99.5%). This prevalence was higher in studies of higher quality, examining older subjects, smaller cohorts, and employing MRCP (24.8% vs 2.7% with CT-scan). The pooled rate of PCLs was four times higher in studies conducted in the US than in Asia (12.6% vs 3.1%). 7 studies reported the prevalence of mucinous lesions, with a pooled rate of 4.3% (95% CI 2-10; I = 99.2%), but of 0.7% only for worrisome features or high risk stigmata.
CONCLUSION
The rate of incidentally detected PCLs is of 8%. Mucinous lesions are the most common incidentally detected PCLs, although they rarely present with potential indication for surgery. The observed different rates in the US and other geographic Areas suggest that different protocols might be necessary to help balancing costs and effectiveness of follow-up investigations in asymptomatic subjects.
Topics: Global Health; Humans; Incidental Findings; Pancreatic Cyst; Prevalence
PubMed: 30503370
DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.11.014 -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... May 2019Mortality risk stratification is essential in lung transplantation (LTx) to allow listing, prioritization and mitigating strategies. In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Mortality risk stratification is essential in lung transplantation (LTx) to allow listing, prioritization and mitigating strategies. In cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, predictors of post-LTx mortality are not established.
METHODS
For this systematic review and meta-analysis, seven databases were searched until January 3, 2018 to identify predictors of post-LTx mortality in CF. We excluded studies of multi-organ transplantation, re-transplantation and graft survival. For multiple studies assessing the same population during overlapping time-periods, the largest one was analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Pooled hazard ratios were calculated using random-effects models.
RESULTS
Fifty-four studies were included in the systematic review and 11 studies in the meta-analyses (low-to-moderate bias risk, NOS score ≥ 5). Among 10 factors assessed in the meta-analysis, B. cepacia complex (BCC) (N = 1451, unadjusted HR = 2.35, 95%CI:1.80-3.06; I = 20.4% and adjusted HR = 2.49, 95%CI:1.74-3.57; I = 46.2%) and ascending chronological year of LTx (N = 4207, unadjusted HR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.97-0.98, I = 4.8%) were predictors of post-LTx mortality. Male gender (N = 2903, adjusted HR = 1.12, 95%CI:1.0-1.26, I = 0%) and age in adults (N = 3677, unadjusted HR = 0.99, 95%CI:0.97-1.00; I = 64.1% and N = 2605, adjusted HR = 0.98, 95%CI:0.97-0.99; I = 34.3%) had borderline significant associations with post-LTx mortality. P. aeruginosa colonization, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV), pulmonary hypertension, body mass index (BMI), pancreatic insufficiency and CF-related diabetes (CFRD) were not predictors of mortality.
CONCLUSIONS
BCC was associated with a higher post-LTx mortality whereas FEV, pulmonary hypertension, BMI, CFRD and female gender were not associated with post-LTx mortality. These findings indicate that CF-specific risk estimates of post-LTx mortality should be considered.
Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Lung Transplantation; Postoperative Complications; Prognosis; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 30482682
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2018.10.013 -
European Journal of Gastroenterology &... Jan 2019Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pancreatic cyst ablation with alcohol lavage or paclitaxel-based regimens are investigative modalities. To evaluate the safety and...
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided pancreatic cyst ablation with alcohol lavage or paclitaxel-based regimens are investigative modalities. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation with alcohol lavage or paclitaxel-based regimens. A systematic review of computerized bibliographic databases was carried out for studies of EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation with alcohol lavage or paclitaxel-based regimens from January 1980 to February 2018. EUS-guided cyst ablation-related outcomes (cyst resolution) and complications. Data were extracted from six studies (N=207 patients) for EUS-guided cyst ablation with alcohol lavage and eight studies (N=347 patients) for EUS-guided cyst ablation with paclitaxel-based regimens. The pooled proportion of patients with complete cyst resolution was 68/207 (32.8%) for EUS-guided cyst ablation with alcohol lavage and 221/347 (63.6%) for EUS-guided cyst ablation with paclitaxel. Postablation adverse events with EUS-guided ablation with alcohol lavage were 44/207 (21.7%), and those with EUS-guided ablation with paclitaxel-based regimens were 52/347 (15%). Limitations of this study are because of the variability in study design and regimens tested, paucity of randomized trials, and differences in pancreatic cyst types receiving treatment. EUS-guided cyst ablation appears to be effective and safe. The effect on pancreatic cancer incidence is unknown; EUS-guided pancreatic cyst ablation modalities require further improvement and validation to determine their role in the treatment of patients with pancreatic cystic lesions.
Topics: Ablation Techniques; Adult; Aged; Endosonography; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Paclitaxel; Pancreatic Cyst; Postoperative Complications; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30394944
DOI: 10.1097/MEG.0000000000001297 -
Pancreatology : Official Journal of the... Jan 2019Due to its rarity, epidermoid cyst in intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIPAS) is still a diagnostic dilemma during clinical practice. The aim of this review was to...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Due to its rarity, epidermoid cyst in intrapancreatic accessory spleen (ECIPAS) is still a diagnostic dilemma during clinical practice. The aim of this review was to summarize the epidemiologic features and management of ECIPAS.
METHODS
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for English articles reporting on ECIPAS up to April 30th, 2018 following the methodology suggested by the PRISMA guidelines. Categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage. Continuous variables were reported as median (range).
RESULTS
A total of 56 patients from 47 full articles were included for the final data synthesis. More than half of the ECIPASs (59%) were found incidentally. The female/male ratio was 1.33. ECIPAS is typically a single mono-/multi-lobular cystic lesions in the pancreatic tail with thickened cystic wall or various amount of solid component which had identical density/signal to the spleen on imaging examinations. The cyst is filled with serous or non-serous fluid. Recognition of the surrounding ectopic splenic tissue is the key point to diagnose ECIPAS. However, no preoperative examination was able to make a definite diagnosis. Almost all the patients (96%) received surgical treatment, due to the suspicion of pancreatic malignant or potentially malignant cystic tumor, especially mucinous cystic neoplasm (MCN).
CONCLUSIONS
Although seldom encountered, ECIPAS should be considered as a differential diagnosis for pancreatic cystic lesions, especially when solid component was detected. As a benign disease, unnecessary surgery should be avoided. Because it is difficult to make a definite diagnosis preoperatively by one single examination, multiple modalities may be required.
Topics: Epidermal Cyst; Humans; Pancreas; Pancreatic Diseases; Spleen
PubMed: 30366677
DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.10.008 -
Pancreatology : Official Journal of the... Dec 2018Management of patients with pregnancy-associated cyst pancreatic cystic tumors (PA-PCT) is complicated by lack of large series.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Management of patients with pregnancy-associated cyst pancreatic cystic tumors (PA-PCT) is complicated by lack of large series.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was conducted to extrapolate data on management of PA-PCT, and make a questionnaire on pending issues to be administered to the members of the Pancreas Club Inc.
RESULTS
The literature review demonstrated a total of 35 PA-PCT in 34 women, described exclusively in the form of case reports, and permitted the identification of eleven key questions to be addressed in the survey. The combined analysis of literature review and survery responses provided several information. First, PA-PCT are predominantly located in the body-tail of the pancreas, cause non-specific symptoms, are of large size (mean size: 11.2 ± 4.5 cm), and are nearly always malignant or premalignant, making timing of surgery, and not indication for surgery, the main issue in the management of these tumors. Second, there is a risk of PA-PCT rupture during pregnancy. Ruptured PA-PCT had a mean size 13.5 ± 4.9 cm, but no prognostic factor could be identified. Survey opinions suggested that this occurrence is quite rare, even for large tumors. Third, most pregnancies were conducted to term (mean gestational age: 40.5 ± 0.7 weeks), with a vaginal delivery. Fourth, all procedures were carried out through an open approach and the spleen was rarely preserved. Survey indicated instead that laparoscopy could play a role, and that the spleen should be preserved when feasible.
CONCLUSIONS
PA-PCT require individualized treatment. The definition of a management algorithm requires the implementation of an International Registry.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous; Pancreatic Cyst; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic
PubMed: 30274883
DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2018.09.010