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Materials Today. Bio Jun 2024Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials (CaP) are the most widely used biomaterials to enhance bone regeneration in the treatment of alveolar bone deficiencies,...
Influence of physicochemical characteristics of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials in cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration. A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of preclinical models.
OBJECTIVES
Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials (CaP) are the most widely used biomaterials to enhance bone regeneration in the treatment of alveolar bone deficiencies, cranio-maxillofacial and periodontal infrabony defects, with positive preclinical and clinical results reported. This systematic review aimed to assess the influence of the physicochemical properties of CaP biomaterials on the performance of bone regeneration in preclinical animal models.
METHODS
The PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched to retrieve the preclinical studies investigating physicochemical characteristics of CaP biomaterials. The studies were screened for inclusion based on intervention (physicochemical characterization and evaluation) and reported measurable outcomes.
RESULTS
A total of 1532 articles were retrieved and 58 studies were ultimately included in the systematic review. A wide range of physicochemical characteristics of CaP biomaterials was found to be assessed in the included studies. Despite a high degree of heterogeneity, the meta-analysis was performed on 39 studies and evidenced significant effects of biomaterial characteristics on their bone regeneration outcomes. The study specifically showed that macropore size, Ca/P ratio, and compressive strength exerted significant influence on the formation of newly regenerated bone. Moreover, factors such as particle size, Ca/P ratio, and surface area were found to impact bone-to-material contact during the regeneration process. In terms of biodegradability, the amount of residual graft was determined by macropore size, particle size, and compressive strength.
CONCLUSION
The systematic review showed that the physicochemical characteristics of CaP biomaterials are highly determining for scaffold's performance, emphasizing its usefulness in designing the next generation of bone scaffolds to target higher rates of regeneration.
PubMed: 38854953
DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101100 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Apr 2024Anti-signal recognition particle myopathy (anti-SRP myopathy) is a rare subtype of immune-mediated inflammatory myopathy characterized by muscle weakness and anti-SRP... (Review)
Review
Anti-signal recognition particle myopathy (anti-SRP myopathy) is a rare subtype of immune-mediated inflammatory myopathy characterized by muscle weakness and anti-SRP autoantibodies. Although plasma exchange (PE) is used in severe cases, its role remains unclear. A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines, identifying 23 patients with anti-SRP myopathy treated with PE. Data on demographics, clinical features, laboratory findings, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed combining individual patient data if available. Sixteen (69.6%) patients were male, with muscle weakness as the predominant symptom in 100% of cases. After PE, most patients showed improvement in symptoms, and the proportion of patients with muscle weakness was reduced ( = 0.001). Relapse occurred in 17.4% of the cases. The incidence of adverse events was low (8.7%). Despite limitations, including a small sample size and heterogeneous data, our systematic review suggests that PE may be effective in inducing remission and controlling symptoms in anti-SRP myopathy, particularly in severe cases. Since evidence on PE in anti-SRP myopathy is limited, further research, including prospective multicenter studies, is warranted to understand better its efficacy and safety and establish its role in treatment algorithms.
PubMed: 38793043
DOI: 10.3390/jpm14050461 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Jul 2024Vitamins are responsible for providing biological properties to the human body; however, their instability under certain environmental conditions limits their... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamins are responsible for providing biological properties to the human body; however, their instability under certain environmental conditions limits their utilization in the food industry. The objective was to conduct a systematic review on the use of biopolymers and lipid bases in microencapsulation processes, assessing their impact on the stability, controlled release, and viability of fortified foods with microencapsulated vitamins. The literature search was conducted between the years 2013-2023, gathering information from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science and publishers including Taylor & Francis, Elsevier, Springer and MDPI; a total of 49 articles were compiled The results were classified according to the microencapsulation method, considering the following information: core, coating material, solvent, formulation, process conditions, particle size, efficiency, yield, bioavailability, bioaccessibility, in vitro release, correlation coefficient and references. It has been evidenced that gums are the most frequently employed coatings in the protection of vitamins (14.04%), followed by alginate (10.53%), modified chitosan (9.65%), whey protein (8.77%), lipid bases (8.77%), chitosan (7.89%), modified starch (7.89%), starch (7.02%), gelatin (6.14%), maltodextrin (5.26%), zein (3.51%), pectin (2.63%) and other materials (7.89%). The factors influencing the release of vitamins include pH, modification of the coating material and crosslinking agents; additionally, it was determined that the most fitting mathematical model for release values is Weibull, followed by Zero Order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas; finally, foods commonly fortified with microencapsulated vitamins were described, with yogurt, bakery products and gummy candies being notable examples.
Topics: Food, Fortified; Vitamins; Drug Compounding; Chitosan; Biological Availability; Humans; Biopolymers; Alginates; Whey Proteins
PubMed: 38763670
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114420 -
Life Sciences Jun 2024Liposomes, as a colloidal drug delivery system dating back to the 1960s, remain a focal point of extensive research and stand as a highly efficient drug delivery method.... (Review)
Review
Liposomes, as a colloidal drug delivery system dating back to the 1960s, remain a focal point of extensive research and stand as a highly efficient drug delivery method. The amalgamation of technological and biological advancements has propelled their evolution, elevating them to their current status. The key attributes of biodegradability and biocompatibility have been instrumental in driving substantial progress in liposome development. Demonstrating a remarkable ability to surmount barriers in drug absorption, enhance stability, and achieve targeted distribution within the body, liposomes have become pivotal in pharmaceutical research. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricate details of liposomal drug delivery systems, focusing specifically on their pharmacokinetics and cell membrane interactions via fusion, lipid exchange, endocytosis etc. Emphasizing the nuanced impact of various liposomal characteristics, we explore factors such as lipid composition, particle size, surface modifications, charge, dosage, and administration routes. By dissecting the multifaceted interactions between liposomes and biological barriers, including the reticuloendothelial system (RES), opsonization, enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) phenomenon, and Complement Activation-Related Pseudoallergy (CARPA) effect, we provide a deeper understanding of liposomal behaviour in vivo. Furthermore, this review addresses the intricate challenges associated with translating liposomal technology into practical applications, offering insights into overcoming these hurdles. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the clinical adoption and patent landscape of liposomes across diverse biomedical domains, shedding light on their potential implications for future research and therapeutic developments.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Cell Membrane; Drug Delivery Systems; Liposomes; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 38599316
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122616 -
International Journal of Surgery... Mar 2024Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to rank as one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with the majority of patients being diagnosed with unresectable disease. The...
BACKGROUND
Pancreatic cancer (PC) continues to rank as one of the deadliest forms of cancer, with the majority of patients being diagnosed with unresectable disease. The implementation of cryoablation-based comprehensive treatment is expected to lead to a reduction in tumor size and potentially achieve complete resection. However, the availability of systematic and evidence-based treatment guidelines for cryoablation in pancreatic cancer is currently limited.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A computerized search was conducted in the Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and Clinicaltrials to retrieve studies published from August 1987 to June 2023. The perioperative outcomes and long-term survival of patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC) or metastatic pancreatic cancer (mPC) who underwent cryosurgery were systematically collected. Heterogeneity was assessed using the Cochran's Q test, and a funnel plot was implemented to evaluate publication bias. Data were pooled and analyzed using Stata 14.0 software. The Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Form tool was employed for quality evaluation.
RESULTS
9 studies including 368 patients were identified. The pooled overall incidence rate was 4% (95%CI: 0-14%; I²=54.06%) for acute pancreatitis, 0% (95%CI: 0-0%; I²=0.0%) for delayed gastric emptying, 0% (95%CI: 0-1%; I²=0.0%) for postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) or bile leakage, 2% (95%CI:0-5%; I²=0.0%) for bleeding, and 4% (95%CI: 0-12%; I²=70.46%) for fever. Our subgroup analysis revealed that the percutaneous treatment group had a lower incidence of complications compared to laparotomy, but had higher incidences of POPF, bleeding, and pancreatitis than the intraoperative group. Median overall survival (OS) varied from 5 to 16.2 months. The median survival rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months for patients who underwent cryosurgery were as follows: 94.9%, 64.8% (range: 4.8%-63.1%), 22.80%, and 9.5%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
With the advancements in cryoablation and anti-tumor therapy, cryoablation emerges as a promising treatment modality for patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer. According to existing literature, the combination of cryoablation with radioactive particle implantation or immunotherapy has demonstrated considerable efficacy and safety. However, while the majority of included data is derived from retrospective studies, it is imperative to conduct larger sample sizes or prospective trials for further validation.
PubMed: 38537056
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001407 -
Leveraging new opportunities and advances in high-pressure homogenization to design non-dairy foods.Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science... Jan 2024High-pressure homogenization (HPH) and ultrahigh-pressure homogenization (UHPH) are emerging food processing techniques for stabilizing emulsions and food components...
High-pressure homogenization (HPH) and ultrahigh-pressure homogenization (UHPH) are emerging food processing techniques for stabilizing emulsions and food components under the pressure range from 60 to 400 MPa. Apart from this, they also support increasing nutritional profile, food preservation, and functionality enhancement. Even though the food undergoes the shortest processing operation, the treatment leads to modification of physical, chemical, and techno-functional properties, in addition to the formation of micro-sized particles. This study focuses on recent advances in using HPH/UHPH on plant-based milk sources such as soybeans, almonds, hazelnuts, and peanuts. Overall, this systematic review provides an in-depth analysis of the principles of HPH/UHPH, the mechanism of action, and their applications in other nondairy areas such as fruits and vegetables, meat, fish, and marine species. This work also deciphers the role of HPH/UHPH in modifying food components, their functional quality enhancement, and their provision of oxidative resistance to many foods. HPH is not only perceived as a technique for size reduction and homogenization; however, it does various functions like microbial inactivation, improvement of rheologies like texture and consistency, decreasing of lipid oxidation, and making positive modifications to proteins such as changes to the secondary structure and tertiary structure thereby enhancing the emulsifying properties, hydrophobicity of proteins, and other associated functional properties in many nondairy sources at pressures of 100-300 MPa. Thus, HPH is an emerging technique with a high throughput and commercialization value in food industries.
Topics: Food Handling; Food Preservation; Microbial Viability; Pressure
PubMed: 38284573
DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13282 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Feb 2024The extensive application of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs) in recent years has resulted in unavoidable human exposure in daily life, thus raising widespread... (Review)
Review
The extensive application of amorphous silica nanoparticles (aSiNPs) in recent years has resulted in unavoidable human exposure in daily life, thus raising widespread concerns regarding the safety of aSiNPs on human health. The particle size is one of the important characteristics of nanomaterials that could influence their toxicity. For the reason that particles with smaller sizes possess larger surface area, which may lead to higher surface activity and biological reactivity. However, due to the complexity of experimental conditions and biological systems, the relationship between the particle size and the toxic effect of aSiNPs remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review aims to investigate how particle size influences the toxic effect of aSiNPs in vivo and to analyze the relevant experimental factors affecting the size-dependent toxicity of aSiNPs in vivo. We found that 83.8% of 35 papers included in the present review came to the conclusion that smaller-sized aSiNPs exhibited stronger toxicity, though a few papers (6 papers) put forward different opinions. The reasons for smaller aSiNPs manifested greater toxicity were summarized. In addition, certain important experimental factors could influence the size-dependent effects and in vivo toxicity of aSiNPs, such as the synthesis method of aSiNPs, disperse medium of aSiNPs, administration route of aSiNPs, species or strain of experimental animals, sex of experimental animals, aggregation/agglomeration and protein corona of aSiNPs.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Silicon Dioxide; Nanoparticles; Particle Size
PubMed: 38199222
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115910 -
Daru : Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy,... Jun 2024Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disease that causes memory loss over time. Current therapies are limited and frequently inadequate. Epigallocatechin gallate... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological disease that causes memory loss over time. Current therapies are limited and frequently inadequate. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifibrosis, anti-remodeling and tissue-protective qualities that may be effective in treatment of different diseases, including AD. Because of nanoparticles' high surface area, they can enhance solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and diminish toxicities. Besides, lipid nanoparticles have a high binding affinity that can enhance the rate of drug transport across BBB. So, EGCG nanoparticles represent a promising treatment for AD.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review sought to assess the efficacy of EGCG nanoparticles against AD in rat/mouse models.
METHODS
Study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO. Electronic databases were searched to discover relevant studies published up to October 2022.
RESULTS
Two studies met the inclusion criteria out of 1338 and were included in this systematic review. Collectively, the results indicate that EGCG has a significant potential for reducing AD pathology and improving cognitive deficits in rat/mouse models. The formulated particles were in the nanometer range, as indicated by TEM, with good particle size control and stability. EGCG nanoparticles showed superior pharmacokinetic characteristics and improved blood-brain barrier permeability, and increased brain bioavailability compared to free EGCG. Additionally, nanoEGCG were more effective in modulating oxidative stress than free formulation and decreased AChE in the cortex and hippocampus of AlCl3-treated rats.
CONCLUSION
This systematic analysis of the two studies included showed that EGCG nanoparticles are efficacious as a potential therapeutic intervention for AD in rat/mouse models. However, limited number of studies found indicates insufficient data in this research point that requires further investigation by experimental studies.
Topics: Catechin; Animals; Alzheimer Disease; Nanoparticles; Rats; Mice; Disease Models, Animal; Antioxidants; Neuroprotective Agents
PubMed: 38079104
DOI: 10.1007/s40199-023-00494-8 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Oct 2023We have reviewed the article "Effectiveness and Role of Using Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Gluteal Augmentation: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Techniques and...
We have reviewed the article "Effectiveness and Role of Using Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Gluteal Augmentation: A Comprehensive Systematic Review of Techniques and Outcomes" by Mortada et al. in Aesthetic Plastic Surgery with keen interest. This study aims to comprehensively assess the effectiveness and role of hyaluronic acid (HA) in gluteal augmentation. However, we raise concerns about the methodologies employed in the reviewed studies. For effective treatments, understanding the properties of the active substance is essential for standardization. Thoroughly grasping the key characteristics of the employed HAs is vital to identify correlations between these properties, outcomes, and complication risks. Understanding HA's rheological properties, including viscosity, elasticity, and cohesiveness, is pivotal for selecting appropriate dermal fillers for the gluteal region. Another significant aspect of HA use is cohesiveness, arising from internal adhesion based on HA concentration and cross-linking. This cohesiveness resists vertical forces upon implantation, influencing tissue lifting and projection. Gel texture, influenced by Cross-Linking Degree, Particle Size, Molecular Weight, and HA Concentration, also plays a crucial role. While acknowledging authors' contributions, further analysis should consider these factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
PubMed: 37803247
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03687-3 -
International Journal of Implant... Oct 2023The main purpose of this study was to evaluate whether large granular bovine bone can be as effective as small granular bovine bone in maxillary sinus floor elevation. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The main purpose of this study was to evaluate whether large granular bovine bone can be as effective as small granular bovine bone in maxillary sinus floor elevation.
METHODS
A comprehensive online search of eligible articles was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science, and a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed from establishment to February, 2023. The outcome indicators were the percentage of connective tissue, the percentage of newly formed bone and the percentage of residual xenograft respectively. The meta-analysis was conducted by using the Stata 15.1 (Stata Conpernarn, USA) and Review Manager software5.4.1.
RESULTS
After careful screening and review, a total of 4 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis. The data were extracted to compare the histological performance of bovine bones with different particle sizes after maxillary sinus elevation. No significant differences were found in the percentage of connective tissue, the percentage of newly formed bone, and the percentage of residual xenograft.
CONCLUSION
In this study, a systematically review of the previous literature showed that similar histological results were obtained for both large-particle bovine bone and small-particle bovine bone. Therefore, the large granular bovine bone and the small granular bovine bone were equally effective in maxillary sinus elevation. It is difficult to make conclusion from limited evidence from four studies. More clinical evidence was needed.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Cattle; Sinus Floor Augmentation; Bone Transplantation; Dental Implantation, Endosseous; Particle Size; Bone Substitutes
PubMed: 37782429
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-023-00502-1