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Journal of Industrial Microbiology &... May 2011This article reviews current co-culture systems for fermenting mixtures of glucose and xylose to ethanol. Thirty-five co-culture systems that ferment either synthetic... (Review)
Review
This article reviews current co-culture systems for fermenting mixtures of glucose and xylose to ethanol. Thirty-five co-culture systems that ferment either synthetic glucose and xylose mixture or various biomass hydrolysates are examined. Strain combinations, fermentation modes and conditions, and fermentation performance for these co-culture systems are compared and discussed. It is noted that the combination of Pichia stipitis with Saccharomyces cerevisiae or its respiratory-deficient mutant is most commonly used. One of the best results for fermentation of glucose and xylose mixture is achieved by using co-culture of immobilized Zymomonas mobilis and free cells of P. stipitis, giving volumetric ethanol production of 1.277 g/l/h and ethanol yield of 0.49-0.50 g/g. The review discloses that, as a strategy for efficient conversion of glucose and xylose, co-culture fermentation for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass can increase ethanol yield and production rate, shorten fermentation time, and reduce process costs, and it is a promising technology although immature.
Topics: Coculture Techniques; Ethanol; Fermentation; Glucose; Industrial Microbiology; Microbial Interactions; Pichia; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Xylose; Zymomonas
PubMed: 21104106
DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0894-3 -
Acta Myologica : Myopathies and... Jul 2007A systematic review of evidence for randomised controlled trials using pharmacologic and nutritional therapies in McArdle disease was undertaken. Primary outcome... (Review)
Review
A systematic review of evidence for randomised controlled trials using pharmacologic and nutritional therapies in McArdle disease was undertaken. Primary outcome measures included any objective assessment of exercise endurance. Secondary outcome measures included changes in metabolic parameters, subjective measures such as quality of life scores and adverse outcomes. Ten randomised controlled trials were identified. Two trials low dose creatine (60 mg/kg/day) and oral sucrose 75 g prior to exercise demonstrated a positive effect.
Topics: Creatine; Double-Blind Method; Glycogen Phosphorylase, Muscle Form; Glycogen Storage Disease Type V; Humans; Mutation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Ribose; Sucrose; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin B 6
PubMed: 17915572
DOI: No ID Found