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Molecular Nutrition & Food Research Nov 2023To summarize the effect of vitamin E-coated dialyzer membranes (VEMs) treatment or oral vitamin E intake on antioxidant molecules, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
SCOPE
To summarize the effect of vitamin E-coated dialyzer membranes (VEMs) treatment or oral vitamin E intake on antioxidant molecules, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), catalase (CAT), and total antioxidant level in patients receiving dialysis.
METHODS AND RESULTS
A literature search of PubMed, Embase, CNKI, and the Cochrane Library databases is performed from inception to July 1, 2023, with no language nor country restrictions. Twenty-four experimental studies involving 512 patients undergoing dialysis are selected for meta-analysis. The levels of antioxidant markers in the blood of patients receiving hemodialysis (HD) improve with long-term VEMs treatment (p = 0.016). According to the findings of each antioxidant index, there is a significant increase in the levels of erythrocyte-derived SOD (p = 0.047), CAT (p = 0.029), and plasma-derived total antioxidant level (p < 0.001). The antioxidant marker levels in patients receiving HD are significantly increased by oral vitamin E intake (p < 0.001). Erythrocyte-derived SOD (p = 0.003), GPX (p < 0.001), and CAT (p = 0.001) substantially improves after 2-6 months of intervention with oral vitamin E preparation. The antioxidant index of patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) is unaffected by oral vitamin E treatment (p = 0.945).
CONCLUSION
Vitamin E therapy has a favorable effect on the retention of antioxidant compounds in patients undergoing dialysis.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Vitamin E; Renal Dialysis; Oxidative Stress; Catalase; Superoxide Dismutase; Glutathione Peroxidase
PubMed: 37726247
DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300269 -
Thyroid : Official Journal of the... Nov 2023Thyroid autoimmunity is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder among women of reproductive age and has been suggested as a risk factor in recurrent pregnancy loss... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Thyroid autoimmunity is the most prevalent autoimmune disorder among women of reproductive age and has been suggested as a risk factor in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL)-a condition in which couples suffer several consecutive pregnancy losses, but where a cause can be identified in less than half of the cases. Most studies have focused on thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs), not considering the presence of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs). The aim of this study was to systematically assess the prevalence of TgAb positivity in women with RPL, and whether TgAb positivity was associated with the outcome of the next pregnancy. A systematic literature search of PubMed and Embase (from inception to April 29, 2023) was performed for studies reporting on TgAbs in women with RPL. The primary outcome was TgAb positivity in women with RPL compared with women without RPL, with a secondary outcome of association between TgAb positivity and the outcome of the next pregnancy. Pooled effect estimates were expressed as odds ratios (ORs) with confidence intervals [CI] using a random-effects model. The study was registered with PROSPERO (No. CRD42022310232) and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 770 studies were screened, 28 of which could be included reporting data from a total of 6868 women. The prevalence of TgAb positivity in women with RPL ranged from 3.6% to 28% compared with 2.4% to 29% in women without RPL. The OR for TgAb positivity was 1.93 ([CI 1.27-2.92]; = 63%) compared with women without RPL, and for TgAbs and/or TPOAbs 2.66 ([CI 1.75-4.05]; = 69%). Four studies reported on the outcome of the next pregnancy after antibody measurement with highly heterogeneous results (OR for pregnancy loss ranging from 0.99 in one study to 10.0 in the other study, and two studies reported no data eligible for meta-analysis). Consequently, a meta-analysis could not be performed. Women with RPL were significantly more often TgAb-positive than women without RPL. Although there was a lack of studies reporting prospective outcomes, the findings of this study support the significance of awareness about the strong association between RPL and thyroid autoimmunity.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Thyroglobulin; Prospective Studies; Thyroid Gland; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Abortion, Habitual
PubMed: 37725583
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2023.0292 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Male testicular dysfunction is a considerable complication of anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, partly due to the increased oxidative... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Protective effects of exogenous melatonin therapy against oxidative stress to male reproductive tissue caused by anti-cancer chemical and radiation therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies.
BACKGROUND
Male testicular dysfunction is a considerable complication of anti-cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiotherapy, partly due to the increased oxidative stress caused by these treatments. Melatonin is an effective antioxidant agent that protects testicles against physical and toxic chemical stressors in animal models. This study aims to systematically review the melatonin's protective effects against anti-cancer stressors on rodential testicular tissue.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
An extensive search was conducted in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed for animal studies investigating exogenous melatonin's protective effects on rodent testicles exposed to anti-cancer chemicals and radiotherapeutic agents. Using the DerSimonian and Laird random-effect model, standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals were estimated from the pooled data. The protocol was prospectively registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42022355293).
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 38 studies from 43 studies that were eligible for the review. Rats and mice were exposed to radiotherapy (ionizing radiations such as gamma- and roentgen radiation and radioactive iodine) or chemotherapy (methotrexate, paclitaxel, busulfan, cisplatin, doxorubicin, vinblastine, bleomycin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, Taxol, procarbazine, docetaxel, and chlorambucil). According to our meta-analysis, all outcomes were significantly improved by melatonin therapy, including sperm quantity and quality (count, motility, viability, normal morphology, number of spermatogonia, Johnsen's testicular biopsy score, seminiferous tubular diameter, and seminiferous epithelial height), serum level of reproductive hormones (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone and testosterone), tissue markers of oxidative stress (testicular tissue malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione, caspase-3, and total antioxidant capacity), and weight-related characteristics (absolute body, epididymis, testis, and relative testis to body weights). Most SYRCLE domains exhibited a high risk of bias in the included studies. Also, significant heterogeneity and small-study effects were detected.
CONCLUSION
In male rodents, melatonin therapy was related to improved testicular histopathology, reproductive hormones, testis and body weights, and reduced levels of oxidative markers in testicular tissues of male rodents. Future meticulous studies are recommended to provide a robust scientific backbone for human applications.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022355293, identifier CRD42022355293.
Topics: Humans; Male; Animals; Rats; Mice; Melatonin; Antioxidants; Iodine Radioisotopes; Semen; Thyroid Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Body Weight
PubMed: 37701901
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1184745 -
The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology Oct 2023Reference intervals of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT) are statistically defined by the 2·5-97·5th percentiles, without accounting for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The optimal healthy ranges of thyroid function defined by the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality: systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Reference intervals of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (FT) are statistically defined by the 2·5-97·5th percentiles, without accounting for potential risk of clinical outcomes. We aimed to define the optimal healthy ranges of TSH and FT based on the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality.
METHODS
This systematic review and individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis identified eligible prospective cohorts through the Thyroid Studies Collaboration, supplemented with a systematic search via Embase, MEDLINE (Ovid), Web of science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar from Jan 1, 2011, to Feb 12, 2017 with an updated search to Oct 13, 2022 (cohorts found in the second search were not included in the IPD). We included cohorts that collected TSH or FT, and cardiovascular outcomes or mortality for adults (aged ≥18 years). We excluded cohorts that included solely pregnant women, individuals with overt thyroid diseases, and individuals with cardiovascular disease. We contacted the study investigators of eligible cohorts to provide IPD on demographics, TSH, FT, thyroid peroxidase antibodies, history of cardiovascular disease and risk factors, medication use, cardiovascular disease events, cardiovascular disease mortality, and all-cause mortality. The primary outcome was a composite outcome including cardiovascular disease events (coronary heart disease, stroke, and heart failure) and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were the separate assessment of cardiovascular disease events, all-cause mortality, and cardiovascular disease mortality. We performed one-step (cohort-stratified Cox models) and two-step (random-effects models) meta-analyses adjusting for age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, and total cholesterol. The study was registered with PROSPERO, CRD42017057576.
FINDINGS
We identified 3935 studies, of which 53 cohorts fulfilled the inclusion criteria and 26 cohorts agreed to participate. We included IPD on 134 346 participants with a median age of 59 years (range 18-106) at baseline. There was a J-shaped association of FT with the composite outcome and secondary outcomes, with the 20th (median 13·5 pmol/L [IQR 11·2-13·9]) to 40th percentiles (median 14·8 pmol/L [12·3-15·0]) conveying the lowest risk. Compared with the 20-40th percentiles, the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for FT in the 80-100th percentiles was 1·20 (95% CI 1·11-1·31) for the composite outcome, 1·34 (1·20-1·49) for all-cause mortality, 1·57 (1·31-1·89) for cardiovascular disease mortality, and 1·22 (1·11-1·33) for cardiovascular disease events. In individuals aged 70 years and older, the 10-year absolute risk of composite outcome increased over 5% for women with FT greater than the 85th percentile (median 17·6 pmol/L [IQR 15·0-18·3]), and men with FT greater than the 75th percentile (16·7 pmol/L [14·0-17·4]). Non-linear associations were identified for TSH, with the 60th (median 1·90 mIU/L [IQR 1·68-2·25]) to 80th percentiles (2·90 mIU/L [2·41-3·32]) associated with the lowest risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Compared with the 60-80th percentiles, the age-adjusted and sex-adjusted HR of TSH in the 0-20th percentiles was 1·07 (95% CI 1·02-1·12) for the composite outcome, 1·09 (1·05-1·14) for all-cause mortality, and 1·07 (0·99-1·16) for cardiovascular disease mortality.
INTERPRETATION
There was a J-shaped association of FT with cardiovascular disease and mortality. Low concentrations of TSH were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality. The 20-40th percentiles of FT and the 60-80th percentiles of TSH could represent the optimal healthy ranges of thyroid function based on the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality, with more than 5% increase of 10-year composite risk identified for FT greater than the 85th percentile in women and men older than 70 years. We propose a feasible approach to establish the optimal healthy ranges of thyroid function, allowing for better identification of individuals with a higher risk of thyroid-related outcomes.
FUNDING
None.
Topics: Male; Adult; Humans; Female; Pregnancy; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Adolescent; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Function Tests; Thyroxine; Prospective Studies; Cardiovascular Diseases; Thyrotropin
PubMed: 37696273
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00227-9 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2023Inconsistent catalase (CAT) research necessitates a comprehensive review of CAT levels among patients with malaria to achieve better therapeutic strategies. This study... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Inconsistent catalase (CAT) research necessitates a comprehensive review of CAT levels among patients with malaria to achieve better therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to systematically review and meta-analyze available literature on CAT levels in nonpregnant and pregnant individuals with malaria compared with those in uninfected controls, with the goal of providing a robust evidence base for future research and potential interventions. Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic literature search across six databases was conducted to examine CAT levels in patients with malaria. Data was extracted independently by two reviewers, and study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. The standardized mean difference of CAT levels was calculated with heterogeneity assessment. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity and assess the robustness of the findings. Publication bias was visually and statistically assessed and corrected, if necessary. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, with a significance level set at P < 0.05. Nineteen studies were included in the review. These studies, published from before 2000 to 2023, primarily from Africa and Asia, focused on different Plasmodium species and age groups. Results of qualitative synthesis among nonpregnant individuals consistently showed lower CAT levels in malaria-infected individuals, although some studies reported higher levels. No significant differences in CAT levels were found between malaria-infected and uninfected individuals, as demonstrated by a meta-analysis overall (P = 0.05, Hedges' g: - 0.78, 95% confidence interval (CI): (- 1.56)-0.01, I: 98.47, 15 studies), but subgroup analyses showed significant differences in CAT levels in studies conducted in Africa (P = 0.02, Hedges' g: - 0.57, 95% CI: - 1.02-(0.11), I: 91.81, 7 studies), and in studies that specifically focused on children (P = 0.03, Hedges' g: - 0.57, 95% CI: - 1.07-(- 0.07), I: 87.52, 4 studies). Pregnant women showed variations in CAT levels across trimesters. This study provides valuable insights into the association between malaria infection and CAT enzyme levels, particularly in nonpregnant individuals. Furthermore, well-designed studies are essential to decoding the intricacies of this relationship, which could have significant implications for understanding disease processes and improving patient care.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Academies and Institutes; Africa; Asia; Catalase; Malaria
PubMed: 37670044
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41659-4 -
Endocrine Feb 2024Melatonin supplementation has been disclosed as an ergogenic substance. However, the effectiveness of melatonin supplementation in healthy subjects has not been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Melatonin supplementation has been disclosed as an ergogenic substance. However, the effectiveness of melatonin supplementation in healthy subjects has not been systematically investigated. The present study analyzed the effects of melatonin supplementation on physical performance and recovery. In addition, it was investigated whether exercise bout or training alter melatonin secretion in athletes and exercise practitioners.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted and reported according to the guidelines outlined in the PRISMA statement. Based on the search and inclusion criteria, 21 studies were included in the systematic review, and 19 were included in the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Melatonin supplementation did not affect aerobic performance relative to time trial (-0.04; 95% CI: -0.51 to 0.44) and relative to VO (0.00; 95% CI: -0.57 to 0.57). Also, melatonin supplementation did not affect strength performance (0.19; 95% CI: -0.28 to 0.65). Only Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) secretion increased after melatonin supplementation (1.40; 95% CI: 0.29 to 2.51). Post-exercise melatonin secretion was not changed immediately after an exercise session (0.56; 95% CI: -0.29 to 1.41) and 60 min after exercise (0.56; 95% CI: -0.29 to 1.41).
CONCLUSION
The data indicate that melatonin is not an ergogenic hormone. In contrast, melatonin supplementation improves post-exercise recovery, even without altering its secretion.
Topics: Humans; Melatonin; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Post-Exercise Recovery
PubMed: 37658244
DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03498-1 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023The primary antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), is hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of malaria. This current study conducted a meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The primary antioxidant, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), is hypothesized to contribute to the pathophysiology of malaria. This current study conducted a meta-analysis to examine variations in GPx blood levels in malaria patients. Seven electronic databases-ProQuest, Scopus, Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, Ovid, and Google Scholar-were searched for relevant studies with no limitations to publication language or publication date. The Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools were used to appraise the risk of bias among the included studies critically. The meta-analysis was conducted by pooling the effect estimates and Hedges's g using a random-effects model. Search results returned 1253 articles, of which 16 studies were used for syntheses. Results of the meta-analysis indicated that malaria patients had decreased blood levels of GPx compared to uninfected individuals (P < 0.01, Hedges' g: - 4.06, 95% CI - 5.49-(- 2.63), I: 99.07%, 1278 malaria patients/627 uninfected individuals, 15 studies). Subgroup analyses indicated that peripheral levels of GPx were significantly diminished in patients with P. falciparum malaria compared to uninfected controls (P < 0.01, Hedges' g: - 3.06, 95% CI - 4.46-(- 1.65), I: 98.39%, 9 studies) but not in patients with P. vivax malaria (P = 0.15, Hedges' g: - 2.05, 95% CI - 4.83-0.74), I: 98.64%, 2 studies) Overall, malaria is associated with declined levels of GPx, particularly in patients with P. falciparum malaria. The finding provides valuable insights that prompt the need to investigate the role of GPx depletion in malaria pathogenesis.
Topics: Humans; Academies and Institutes; Glutathione Peroxidase; Malaria; Malaria, Falciparum; Malaria, Vivax
PubMed: 37626133
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41056-x -
Journal of Cardiovascular Translational... Apr 2024Activated neutrophils release a range of inflammatory products that represent potential biomarkers, and there is interest in the prognostic value of these in acute... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Activated neutrophils release a range of inflammatory products that represent potential biomarkers, and there is interest in the prognostic value of these in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. We conducted a systematic review to examine neutrophil-enriched biomarkers and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ACS. We identified twenty-seven studies including 17,831 patients with ACS. The most studied biomarkers were neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Meta-analyses showed that elevated NGAL was associated with higher MACE rates (unadjusted risk ratio (RR) 1.52, 95% CI 1.12-2.06, p = 0.006) as were elevated MPO levels (unadjusted RR 1.61, 95% CI 1.22-2.13, p = 0.01). There was limited data suggesting that increased levels of calprotectin, proteinase-3 and double-stranded DNA were also associated with MACE. These results suggest that higher levels of neutrophil-enriched biomarkers may be predictive of MACE in patients with ACS, although higher-quality studies are needed to confirm these observations.
Topics: Humans; Acute Coronary Syndrome; Biomarkers; Neutrophils; Prognosis; Lipocalin-2; Peroxidase; Predictive Value of Tests; Time Factors; Risk Assessment; Male; Risk Factors; Female; Up-Regulation; Neutrophil Activation; Middle Aged; Aged
PubMed: 37594719
DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10425-2 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Salivary myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key mediator of the oral immune system, acting as an enzyme that utilises HO to generate molecules with high bactericidal activity.... (Review)
Review
Salivary myeloperoxidase (MPO) is a key mediator of the oral immune system, acting as an enzyme that utilises HO to generate molecules with high bactericidal activity. While MPO determination in plasma is quite common, the use of saliva is still rare. Our systematic review was designed to answer the question "Are salivary levels of myeloperoxidase altered in patients with systemic diseases?". Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included twenty-six studies. Altered MPO levels in saliva were most commonly found in patients with cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Most studies concerned unstimulated whole saliva, and only a few of them stimulated, mainly by chewing paraffin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was the most common method for determination of MPO concentrations in saliva. Increased salivary MPO levels were more often observed for inflammatory diseases, except patients with inflammatory bowel diseases who were eligible for biologic therapy. In conclusion, MPO could be altered in the saliva of patients with systematic diseases, especially cardiovascular or gastrointestinal diseases. However, further investigations are recommended to validate these outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hydrogen Peroxide; Peroxidase; Saliva
PubMed: 37569455
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512078 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023During pregnancy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may physiologically increase due to changes and growth of mother and fetal tissues. Consequently, oxidative stress (OS)... (Review)
Review
During pregnancy, reactive oxygen species (ROS) may physiologically increase due to changes and growth of mother and fetal tissues. Consequently, oxidative stress (OS) may occur and be involved in the onset of pregnancy and newborn complications. Among exogenous antioxidant sources, diet is a cost-effective prevention strategy supporting the health of mothers and newborns; however, there is still a lack of nutritional education during pregnancy interviews. This review aims to systematically summarize the knowledge on the association between OS and diet during pregnancy. Four electronic databases (PubMed Central, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Food Science and Technology Abstracts) were searched on 22 December 2022. Among 4162 records, 13 original articles were finally included. Overall, 80% of the studies considered dietary patterns as exposure and 60% of them assessed the association with malondialdehyde levels in blood and urine. Three studies analyzed the influence of daily intakes of fruit and vegetables on different OS biomarkers (malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine). Among studies exploring dietary fat intakes (39%), 80% focused on polyunsaturated fatty acids, finding a positive association with glutathione peroxidase, biopirryn and isoprostane levels, respectively. Four studies analyzed vitamin intakes and 50% of them in association with 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine.
PubMed: 37507965
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071427