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European Journal of Clinical Nutrition Sep 2020Recently, relationship between gut microbiota composition and development of obesity has been pointed. However, the gut microbiota composition of individual with obesity... (Review)
Review
Recently, relationship between gut microbiota composition and development of obesity has been pointed. However, the gut microbiota composition of individual with obesity is not known yet. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to evaluate differences in profile of gut microbiota between individuals with obesity and individuals with normal weight. A search performed on August 2019 in the databases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Lilacs and gray literature using the terms: "microbiota", "microbiome", "obesity", "obesity morbid", and "humans". Studies assessing the gut microbiota composition in adults with obesity and lean were included. Quality assessment was performed by Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Of the 12,496 studies, 32 were eligible and included in this review. Individuals with obesity have a greater Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria, Proteobacteria, Mollicutes, Lactobacillus (reuteri), and less Verrucomicrobia (Akkermansia muciniphila), Faecalibacterium (prausnitzii), Bacteroidetes, Methanobrevibacter smithii, Lactobacillus plantarum and paracasei. In addition, some bacteria had positive correlation and others negative correlation with obesity. Individuals with obesity showed profile of gut microbiota different than individual lean. These results may help in advances of the diagnosis and treatment of obesity.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Bacteroidetes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; Obesity
PubMed: 32231226
DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-0607-6 -
Acta Clinica Belgica Aug 2021: Lemierre's syndrome is a septic thromboembolic complication of an oropharyngeal or neck infection, primarily caused by Fusobacterium species. Although it usually...
: Lemierre's syndrome is a septic thromboembolic complication of an oropharyngeal or neck infection, primarily caused by Fusobacterium species. Although it usually affects young healthy patients, some case reports describe this syndrome in older population.: A case report and a systematic review of the literature were conducted to investigate the late onset of Lemierre's syndrome. Forty-one articles were selected for the qualitative analysis, 39 for the quantitative analysis.: The average age of the study population was 52 years old. Diabetes mellitus and upper gastro-intestinal malignancy, common comorbidities in the study population, might play a role in the development of late-onset Lemierre's syndrome. Empiric antibiotic treatment should cover Fusobacterium and Streptococcus species both, which may cooperate to induce purulent disease. Reported unfavourable outcome was more than expected.: Lemierre's syndrome in adulthood may differ from the usual version. This disease may further pass unrecognized, if presented out of the expected age range. Nevertheless, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are a requisite to prevent morbidity and mortality, which may be higher in this older population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Middle Aged
PubMed: 32116143
DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2020.1731661 -
Archives of Oral Biology Apr 2020This systematic review aimed to analyse: a) the presence and the abundance of Fusobacterium; b) the Fusobacterium species most often found, and c) the most common... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIMS
This systematic review aimed to analyse: a) the presence and the abundance of Fusobacterium; b) the Fusobacterium species most often found, and c) the most common methods used for their identification in oral/head and neck cancer samples.
DESIGN
A protocol was registered on PROSPERO database. This review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. Literature search was performed on five electronic biomedical databases, namely Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane from their start dates to 30 August 2018. Two reviewers independently assessed the eligibility for inclusion; extracted the data; and evaluated the risk of bias.
RESULTS
From 118 unique abstract records, 88 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 publications were included in this review. Meta-analysis showed an increased prevalence of 6 % (95 % CI, 3-9) of Fusobacterium in tumour lesions than in non-tumour lesions (Fusobacterium prevalence of 16 % in tumour lesions and of 10 % in non-tumour lesions), and a 2.93 higher chance of Fusobacterium being present in tumour lesions (95 % CI, 1.47-5.81). The most common detection methods were based on molecular evidence (64.70 %) (95 % CI, 37.7-84.7). F. nucleatum was the most prevalent species (47.06 %) (95 % CI, 23.5-72).
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, Fusobacterium is present and in higher abundance in oral/head and neck cancer samples when compared to non-cancer samples, suggesting that Fusobacterium may contribute to oral/head and neck cancer development.
Topics: Fusobacterium; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans
PubMed: 32028171
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104669 -
APMIS : Acta Pathologica,... Feb 2020The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the association between gut microbiota and prognosis after colorectal cancer surgery. The review was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the association between gut microbiota and prognosis after colorectal cancer surgery. The review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Scopus. Studies examining the association between gut microbiota and survival after colorectal cancer surgery were identified. Secondary outcomes were association with cancer stage and immune infiltration of tumor. A total of 27 studies were included in the review. Fusobacterium nucleatum was the most frequently examined bacterium, and the meta-analysis showed that high level of F. nucleatum was significantly associated with decreased overall survival, hazard ratio of 1.63 (95% confidence interval 1.23-2.16) for unadjusted data, and hazard ratio of 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.08-1.98) for adjusted data. Association between higher tumor stage and F. nucleatum was reported in ten studies, and two studies found an association with unfavorable tumor infiltration of immune cells. Three out of five studies examining Bacteroides fragilis found an association with decreased survival, advanced tumor stage, or unfavorable immune infiltration of tumor. High levels of F. nucleatum and possibly B. fragilis were associated with worse prognosis after surgery for colorectal cancer.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroides Infections; Bacteroides fragilis; Colorectal Neoplasms; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis
PubMed: 32017196
DOI: 10.1111/apm.13032 -
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... Mar 2020The gut microbiome, in particular , has been reported to play a role in colorectal cancer development and in patient prognosis. We aimed to perform a systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiome, in particular , has been reported to play a role in colorectal cancer development and in patient prognosis. We aimed to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies to assess the prevalence of in colorectal tumors and evaluate the association between and colorectal cancer development and prognosis.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published until January 2019. Random effects meta-analyses were used to assess the prevalence of in patients with colorectal cancer or tissues relative to controls and survival in -positive versus -negative patients.
RESULTS
Forty-five relevant articles were identified. Meta-analyses indicated higher odds of being present in colorectal tissue samples from patients with colorectal cancer [ = 6 studies, pooled OR = 10.06; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 4.48-22.58] and individuals with colorectal polyps ( = 5 studies, pooled OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.07-3.16) compared with healthy controls. Similar results were apparent in fecal samples, and when comparing tumor with adjacent normal tissue. Meta-analyses indicated poorer survival in patients with colorectal cancer with high versus low abundance ( = 5 studies, pooled HR = 1.87; 95% CI, 1.12-3.11).
CONCLUSIONS
A consistent increase in the prevalence and/or abundance of in colorectal cancer tissue and fecal samples compared with controls was apparent. High abundance of in colorectal tumors was also associated with poorer overall survival.
IMPACT
could be useful as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for colorectal cancer or as a treatment target.
Topics: Colon; Colorectal Neoplasms; Disease-Free Survival; Feces; Fusobacterium Infections; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Prognosis; Rectum; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31915144
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-18-1295 -
United European Gastroenterology Journal Oct 2019Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs) are systemic chronic disorders sharing common genetic, immune and environmental factors. About... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and chronic rheumatic diseases (CRDs) are systemic chronic disorders sharing common genetic, immune and environmental factors. About half of patients with IBD develop rheumatic ailments and microscopic intestinal inflammation is present in up to half of CRD patients. IBD and CRD patients also share a common therapeutic armamentarium. Disequilibrium in the complex realm of microbes (known as dysbiosis) that closely interact with the gut mucosal immune system has been associated with both IBD and CRD (spondyloarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis). Whether dysbiosis represents an epiphenomenon or a prodromal feature remains to be determined.
METHODS
In an attempt to further investigate whether specific gut dysbiosis may be the missing link between IBD and CRD in patients developing both diseases, we performed here a systematic literature review focusing on studies looking at bacterial microbiota in CRD and/or IBD patients.
RESULTS
We included 80 studies, with a total of 3799 IBD patients without arthritis, 1084 CRD patients without IBD, 132 IBD patients with arthropathy manifestations and 12 spondyloarthritis patients with IBD history. Overall, this systematic review indicates that an increase in s, and genera, as well as a decrease in genera and species belonging to Verrucomicrobia and Fusobacteria phyla are common features in IBD and CRD patients, whereas dozens of bacterial species are specific features of CRD and IBD.
CONCLUSION
Further work is needed to understand the functions of bacteria and of their metabolites but also to characterize fungi and viruses that are commonly found in these patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Chronic Disease; Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammation; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Rheumatic Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 31662859
DOI: 10.1177/2050640619867555 -
Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Jul 2019Imbalance within the resident bacterial community (dysbiosis), rather than the presence and activity of a single organism, has been proposed to be associated with, and...
Imbalance within the resident bacterial community (dysbiosis), rather than the presence and activity of a single organism, has been proposed to be associated with, and to influence, the development and progression of various diseases; however, the existence and significance of dysbiosis in oral/oropharyngeal cancer is yet to be clearly established. A systematic search (conducted on 25/01/2018 and updated on 25/05/2018) was performed on three databases (Pubmed, Web of Science & Scopus) to identify studies employing culture-independent methods which investigated the bacterial community in oral/oropharyngeal cancer patients compared to control subjects. Of the 1546 texts screened, only fifteen publications met the pre-determined selection criteria. Data extracted from 731 cases and 809 controls overall, could not identify consistent enrichment of any particular taxon in oral/oropharyngeal cancers, although common taxa could be identified between studies. Six studies reported the enrichment of Fusobacteria in cancer at different taxonomic levels whereas four studies reported an increase in Parvimonas. Changes in microbial diversity remained inconclusive, with four studies showing a higher diversity in controls, three studies showing a higher diversity in tumors and three additional studies showing no difference between tumors and controls. Even though most studies identified a component of dysbiosis in oral/oropharyngeal cancer, methodological and analytical variations prevented a standardized summary, which highlights the necessity for studies of superior quality and magnitude employing standardized methodology and reporting. Indeed an holistic metagenomic approach is likely to be more meaningful, as is understanding of the overall metabolome, rather than a mere enumeration of the organisms present.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Databases, Factual; Dysbiosis; Humans; Incidence; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Mouth Neoplasms; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 31112880
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2019.04.018 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2019Recently discovered relationships between the gastrointestinal microbiome and the brain have implications for psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder...
Recently discovered relationships between the gastrointestinal microbiome and the brain have implications for psychiatric disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Bacterial transplantation from MDD patients to rodents produces depression-like behaviors. In humans, case-control studies have examined the gut microbiome in healthy and affected individuals. We systematically reviewed existing studies comparing gut microbial composition in MDD and healthy volunteers. A PubMed literature search combined the terms "depression," "depressive disorder," "stool," "fecal," "gut," and "microbiome" to identify human case-control studies that investigated relationships between MDD and microbiota quantified from stool. We evaluated the resulting studies, focusing on bacterial taxa that were different between MDD and healthy controls. Six eligible studies were found in which 50 taxa exhibited differences ( < 0.05) between patients with MDD and controls. Patient characteristics and methodologies varied widely between studies. Five phyla-, and -were represented; however, divergent results occurred across studies for all phyla. The largest number of differentiating taxa were within phylum , in which nine families and 12 genera differentiated the diagnostic groups. The majority of these families and genera were found to be statistically different between the two groups in two identified studies. Family differentiated the diagnostic groups in four studies (with an even split in directionality). Across all five phyla, nine genera were higher in MDD (, and ), six were lower (, and ), and six were divergent (, and ). We highlight mechanisms and products of bacterial metabolism as they may relate to the etiology of depression. No consensus has emerged from existing human studies of depression and gut microbiome concerning which bacterial taxa are most relevant to depression. This may in part be due to differences in study design. Given that bacterial functions are conserved across taxonomic groups, we propose that studying microbial functioning may be more productive than a purely taxonomic approach to understanding the gut microbiome in depression.
PubMed: 30804820
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00034 -
Cancer Medicine Feb 2019The fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum has been reported as a potential noninvasive biomarker for colorectal tumor in several studies, but its exact diagnostic accuracy was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The fecal Fusobacterium nucleatum has been reported as a potential noninvasive biomarker for colorectal tumor in several studies, but its exact diagnostic accuracy was ambiguous due to the wide range of sensitivity and specificity. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of fecal F. nucleatum for colorectal tumor, we searched electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science, without any date and language restrictions. Two reviewers independently extracted data and appraised study quality with Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies. We included ten studies comprising 13 cohorts for colorectal cancer (CRC) and seven cohorts for colorectal adenoma (CRA). A total of 1450 patients and 1421 controls for CRC and 656 patients and 827 controls for CRA were included. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fecal F. nucleatum for CRC were 71% (95% CI, 61%-79%) and 76% (95% CI, 66%-84%), with the area under the receiver-operating characteristics (AUC) curve of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.76-0.83). The pooled sensitivity and specificity of fecal F. nucleatum for CRA were 36% (95% CI, 27%-46%) and 73% (95% CI, 65%-79%), with an AUC of 0.60 (95% CI, 0.56-0.65). Substantial heterogeneity among studies existed, which was partly caused by DNA extraction kits, regions of study, sample size, and demographic characteristics of participants. Fecal F. nucleatum was valuable for the diagnosis of CRC although it performed below expectation. For CRA, the specificity of fecal F. nucleatum indicated the possibility of noninvasive screening. Subgroup analyses for adenoma were incomplete due to lack of data. Heterogeneity limited the credibility of the study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Colorectal Neoplasms; Feces; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans
PubMed: 30636375
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1850 -
Hamostaseologie Feb 2019Lemierre syndrome usually affects otherwise healthy adolescents or young adults and occurs at an overall rate of 1 to 10 cases per million person-years with an estimated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Lemierre syndrome usually affects otherwise healthy adolescents or young adults and occurs at an overall rate of 1 to 10 cases per million person-years with an estimated fatality rate of 4 to 9%. Diagnostic criteria remain debated and include acute neck/head bacterial infection (often tonsillitis caused by anaerobes at high potential for sepsis and vascular invasion, notably ) complicated by local vein thrombosis, usually involving the internal jugular vein, and systemic septic embolism. Medical treatment is based on antibiotic therapy with anaerobic coverage, anticoagulant drugs and supportive care in case of sepsis. Surgical procedures can be required, including drainage of the abscesses, tissue debridement and jugular vein ligation. Evidence for clinical management is extremely poor in the absence of any adequately sized study with clinical outcomes. In this article, we illustrate two cases of Lemierre syndrome not caused by and provide a clinically oriented discussion on the main issues on epidemiology, pathophysiology and management strategies of this disorder. Finally, we summarize the study protocol of a proposed systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of the literature. Our ongoing work aims to investigate the risk of new thromboembolic events, major bleeding or death in patients diagnosed with Lemierre syndrome, and to better elucidate the role of anticoagulant therapy in this setting. This effort represents the starting point for an evidence-based treatment of Lemierre syndrome built on multinational interdisciplinary collaborative studies.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anticoagulants; Fusobacterium necrophorum; Humans; Lemierre Syndrome; Male; Prognosis; Venous Thrombosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 30071559
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1654720