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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2024Metabolic disease prevalence has increased in many regions, and is closely associated with dyslipidemia. Rapid growth refers to a significant increase in growth velocity... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND & AIMS
Metabolic disease prevalence has increased in many regions, and is closely associated with dyslipidemia. Rapid growth refers to a significant increase in growth velocity above the normal range, particularly in infants and children, and is highly prevalent in congenital deficiency infants. But the association between dyslipidemia and rapid growth remains controversial. We performed this meta-analysis to investigate the lipid profile in subjects with and without postnatal rapid growth, and to determine what are the confounding factors.
METHODS
Medline, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Chinese citation database and WANFANG database were searched (last search in May 2021). Publication bias was examined by constructing funnel plots, Egger's linear regression test and Begg's rank correlation test.
RESULTS
The fixed effects model would be adopted if I is less than 25%, otherwise random effects model would be used. There were 11 articles involved with a total of 1148 participants (539 boys and 609 girls, mean age=7.4 years). Pooled analysis found that rapid growth was negatively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (weighted mean difference=-0.068, 95%CI [-0.117, -0.020]), but not associated with triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Stratified analysis suggested that increased TG were found in rapid growth subjects from developing countries. Higher TC was observed for rapid growth participants of follow-up age ≤8 years old, rapid growth duration ≤2 years, preterm, low birth weight, and from developing countries. But decreased TC was observed in small for gestational age (SGA) rapid growth subjects. Decreased LDL-C had been documented in rapid growth subjects of follow-up age >8 years old, from developed countries, and SGA. At last, rapid growth groups had lower HDL-C in infants of rapid growth duration >2 years and from developed countries.
CONCLUSION
Rapid growth is associated with lipid profiles, particularly during early childhood, and this relationship is influenced by factors such as the duration of growth, the level of national development, and birth weight. These findings are significant for the development of strategies to prevent metabolic diseases.This review was registered in PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) with the registration number CRD42020154240.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Dyslipidemias; Hyperlipidemias; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Metabolic Diseases; Triglycerides
PubMed: 38577566
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1353334 -
Prehospital and Disaster Medicine Apr 2024Mass gatherings are events where many people come together at a specific location for a specific purpose, such as concerts, sports events, or religious gatherings,... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Mass gatherings are events where many people come together at a specific location for a specific purpose, such as concerts, sports events, or religious gatherings, within a certain period of time. In mass-gathering studies, many rates and ratios are used to assess the demand for medical resources. Understanding such metrics is crucial for effective planning and intervention efforts. Therefore, this systematic review aims to investigate the usage of rates and ratios reported in mass-gathering studies.
METHODS
In this systematic review, the PRISMA guidelines were followed. Articles published through December 2023 were searched on Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane, and PubMed using the specified keywords. Subsequently, articles were screened based on titles, abstracts, and full texts to determine their eligibility for inclusion in the study. Finally, the articles that were related to the study's aim were evaluated.
RESULTS
Out of 745 articles screened, 55 were deemed relevant for inclusion in the study. These included 45 original research articles, three special reports, three case presentations, two brief reports, one short paper, and one field report. A total of 15 metrics were identified, which were subsequently classified into three categories: assessment of population density, assessment of in-event health services, and assessment of out-of-event health services.
CONCLUSION
The findings of this study revealed notable inconsistencies in the reporting of rates and ratios in mass-gathering studies. To address these inconsistencies and to standardize the information reported in mass-gathering studies, a Metrics and Essential Ratios for Gathering Events (MERGE) table was proposed. Future research should promote consistency in terminology and adopt standardized methods for presenting rates and ratios. This would not only enhance comparability but would also contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the dynamics associated with mass gatherings.
Topics: Humans; Crowding; Mass Behavior; Population Density
PubMed: 38576262
DOI: 10.1017/S1049023X2400027X -
Atherosclerosis Apr 2024The utility of lipid screening in pediatric settings for preventing adult atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases partly depends on the lifelong tracking of lipid... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
The utility of lipid screening in pediatric settings for preventing adult atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases partly depends on the lifelong tracking of lipid levels. This systematic review aimed to quantify the tracking of lipid levels from childhood and adolescence to adulthood.
METHODS
We systematically searched MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar in March 2022. The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; ID: CRD42020208859). We included cohort studies that measured tracking of lipids from childhood or adolescence (<18 years) to adulthood (≥18) with correlation or tracking coefficients. We estimated pooled correlation and tracking coefficients using random-effects meta-analysis. Risk of bias was assessed with a review-specific tool.
RESULTS
Thirty-three studies of 19 cohorts (11,020 participants) were included. The degree of tracking from childhood and adolescence to adulthood differed among lipids. Tracking was observed for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pooled r = 0.55-0.65), total cholesterol (pooled r = 0.51-0.65), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pooled r = 0.46-0.57), and triglycerides (pooled r = 0.32-0.40). Only one study included tracking of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = 0.42-0.59). Substantial heterogeneity was observed. Study risk of bias was moderate, mostly due to insufficient reporting and singular measurements at baseline and follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
Early-life lipid measurements are important for predicting adult levels. However, further research is needed to understand the tracking of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the stability of risk classification over time, which may further inform pediatric lipid screening and assessment strategies.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Young Adult; Cholesterol; Triglycerides; Cohort Studies; Cholesterol, HDL; Cholesterol, LDL; Lipoproteins
PubMed: 38569384
DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117482 -
Journal of Personalized Medicine Feb 2024Sarcopenia, an extremely common condition in cancer patients, is described as a progressive and generalized musculoskeletal disorder that is associated with an increased... (Review)
Review
Sarcopenia, an extremely common condition in cancer patients, is described as a progressive and generalized musculoskeletal disorder that is associated with an increased likelihood of adverse outcomes, including falls, fractures, physical disability, and mortality. By contrast, cachexia is defined as a syndrome characterized by weight loss with the concomitant loss of muscle and/or fat mass. Cancer cachexia leads to functional impairment, reduced physical performance, and decreased survival, and is often accompanied by cancer progression and reduced response to therapy. The literature states that cancer patients with cachexia or sarcopenia have many more complications than patients without these conditions. The interplay between physiologic sarcopenia and cancer cachexia is, in part, responsible for the complexity of studying wasting disorders in the cancer population, particularly in the geriatric population. For these reasons, a comprehensive assessment of the body composition and physical function of these patients is necessary. There are several modalities adapted to measure skeletal muscle mass, such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US). The gold standard for the measurement of quantitative and qualitative changes in body composition in patients with cancer is the analysis of tissue density using a CT scan. However, this technique remains poorly implemented in clinical practice because of the use of ionizing radiation. Similarly, DEXA, MRI, and US have been proposed, but their use is limited. In this review, we present and compare the imaging techniques that have been developed so far for the nutritional assessment of cancer patients.
PubMed: 38540985
DOI: 10.3390/jpm14030243 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2024Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, accounting for almost 18 million deaths annually. People with CVDs have a five times greater... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally, accounting for almost 18 million deaths annually. People with CVDs have a five times greater chance of suffering a recurrent cardiovascular event than people without known CVDs. Although drug interventions have been shown to be cost-effective in reducing the risk of recurrent cardiovascular events, adherence to medication remains suboptimal. As a scalable and cost-effective approach, mobile phone text messaging presents an opportunity to convey health information, deliver electronic reminders, and encourage behaviour change. However, it is uncertain whether text messaging can improve medication adherence and clinical outcomes. This is an update of a Cochrane review published in 2017.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the benefits and harms of mobile phone text messaging for improving medication adherence in people with CVDs compared to usual care.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, four other databases, and two trial registers. We also checked the reference lists of all primary included studies and relevant systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The date of the latest search was 30 August 2023.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with participants with established arterial occlusive events. We included trials investigating interventions using short message service (SMS) or multimedia messaging service (MMS) with the aim of improving adherence to medication for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular events. The comparator was usual care. We excluded cluster-RCTs and quasi-RCTs.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard Cochrane methods. Our primary outcomes were medication adherence, fatal cardiovascular events, non-fatal cardiovascular events, and combined CVD event. Secondary outcomes were low-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the effect of statins, blood pressure for antihypertensive drugs, heart rate for the effect of beta-blockers, urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 for the antiplatelet effects of aspirin, adverse effects, and patient-reported experience. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence for each outcome.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 18 RCTs involving a total of 8136 participants with CVDs. We identified 11 new studies in the review update and seven studies in the previous version of the review. Participants had various CVDs including acute coronary syndrome, coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and angina. All studies were conducted in middle- and high-income countries, with no studies conducted in low-income countries. The mean age of participants was 53 to 64 years. Participants were recruited from hospitals or cardiac rehabilitation facilities. Follow-up ranged from one to 12 months. There was variation in the characteristics of text messages amongst studies (e.g. delivery method, frequency, theoretical grounding, content used, personalisation, and directionality). The content of text messages varied across studies, but generally included medication reminders and healthy lifestyle information such as diet, physical activity, and weight loss. Text messages offered advice, motivation, social support, and health education to promote behaviour changes and regular medication-taking. We assessed risk of bias for all studies as high, as all studies had at least one domain at unclear or high risk of bias. Medication adherence Due to different evaluation score systems and inconsistent definitions applied for the measurement of medication adherence, we did not conduct meta-analysis for medication adherence. Ten out of 18 studies showed a beneficial effect of mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence compared to usual care, whereas the other eight studies showed either a reduction or no difference in medication adherence with text messaging compared to usual care. Overall, the evidence is very uncertain about the effects of mobile phone text messaging for medication adherence when compared to usual care. Fatal cardiovascular events Text messaging may have little to no effect on fatal cardiovascular events compared to usual care (odds ratio 0.83, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47 to 1.45; 4 studies, 1654 participants; low-certainty evidence). Non-fatal cardiovascular events We found very low-certainty evidence that text messaging may have little to no effect on non-fatal cardiovascular events. Two studies reported non-fatal cardiovascular events, neither of which found evidence of a difference between groups. Combined CVD events We found very low-certainty evidence that text messaging may have little to no effect on combined CVD events. Only one study reported combined CVD events, and did not find evidence of a difference between groups. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol Text messaging may have little to no effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared to usual care (mean difference (MD) -1.79 mg/dL, 95% CI -4.71 to 1.12; 8 studies, 4983 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Blood pressure Text messaging may have little to no effect on systolic blood pressure (MD -0.93 mmHg, 95% CI -3.55 to 1.69; 8 studies, 5173 participants; very low-certainty evidence) and diastolic blood pressure (MD -1.00 mmHg, 95% CI -2.49 to 0.50; 5 studies, 3137 participants; very low-certainty evidence) when compared to usual care. Heart rate Text messaging may have little to no effect on heart rate compared to usual care (MD -0.46 beats per minute, 95% CI -1.74 to 0.82; 4 studies, 2946 participants; very low-certainty evidence).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Due to limited evidence, we are uncertain if text messaging reduces medication adherence, fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular events, and combined cardiovascular events in people with cardiovascular diseases when compared to usual care. Furthermore, text messaging may result in little or no effect on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood pressure, and heart rate compared to usual care. The included studies were of low methodological quality, and no studies assessed the effects of text messaging in low-income countries or beyond the 12-month follow-up. Long-term and high-quality randomised trials are needed, particularly in low-income countries.
Topics: Humans; Middle Aged; Text Messaging; Cardiovascular Diseases; Secondary Prevention; Cell Phone; Cholesterol, LDL; Medication Adherence
PubMed: 38533994
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011851.pub3 -
Archives of Rehabilitation Research and... Mar 2024This systematic review aims to determine the effects of exercise on bone and muscle health in men with low bone density. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review aims to determine the effects of exercise on bone and muscle health in men with low bone density.
DATA SOURCES
An electronic search in the following databases was performed: Medline, AMED, Embase, Scopus, and SPORTDiscus between January 1940 and September 2021.
STUDY SELECTION
Randomized or non-randomized trials involving any form of exercise in adult men with a densitometric diagnosis of osteoporosis or osteopenia and reported outcomes relating to bone or muscle health. Two independent reviewers screened 12,018 records, resulting in 13 eligible articles.
DATA EXTRACTION
One reviewer extracted data into a pre-formed table, including characteristics of the exercise intervention, population examined, and primary and secondary outcomes. Study quality was assessed by 2 independent reviewers using the Tool for assEssment of Study qualiTy and reporting in Exercise (TESTEX).
DATA SYNTHESIS
Thirteen publications, originating from 6 unique trials, were eligible for inclusion, which assessed the effect of resistance training, impact training, whole body vibration, and traditional Chinese exercises. Resistance training was the most effective: it stimulates the replacement of adipose tissue with muscle, and in some cases, improved bone density.
CONCLUSIONS
Exercise, especially resistance training, slowed down the natural progression of osteoporosis and sarcopenia in men. These benefits are reflected in enhancements to function, such as improved mobility and balance. Other exercise modalities, such as whole body vibration and traditional Chinese exercises, generated minimal improvements to bone health, strength, and balance.
PubMed: 38482104
DOI: 10.1016/j.arrct.2023.100313 -
Sleep and Biological Rhythms Jan 2024This study aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the potential association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and low bone mass in adults.
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the potential association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and low bone mass in adults.
METHODS
Electronic searches of four main databases were performed. The inclusion criteria consisted of observational studies investigating the relationship between OSA and bone mass, osteoporosis, fractures, or bone metabolism markers in adult population. Bone mineral density (BMD) and T score of lumbar and femur neck, incidence of osteoporosis and fractures, bone metabolism marker levels were extracted as primary outcomes.
RESULTS
Among the 693 relevant publications, 10 studies consisting of 158,427 participants met with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed a significant lower BMD of lumbar (mean difference (MD) = - 0.03; 95% CI - 0.05, - 0.01; I = 46%), femur neck (MD = - 0.06; 95% CI - 0.12, 0.00; I = 71%), and a significant lower T score of lumbar (MD = - 0.42; 95% CI - 0.79, - 0.05; I = 63%) in the OSA group. The results suggested that both male (odds ratio (OR) = 2.03; 95% CI 1.23, 3.35; I = 38%) and female (OR = 2.56; 95% CI 1.96, 3.34; = 0%) had higher risk of osteoporosis in the OSA group. Besides, meta-analysis also showed that bone-specific alkaline phosphatase was significantly lower in OSA patients (MD = - 1.90; 95% CI - 3.48, - 0.32; = 48%).
CONCLUSIONS
A potential association between OSA and lower bone mass in adults is preliminarily proved. It also seems plausible that both male and female with OSA have a higher risk of osteoporosis.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-023-00481-1.
PubMed: 38476856
DOI: 10.1007/s41105-023-00481-1 -
Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders May 2024It is well established that melanocortin-4 receptor () rs17782313 locus polymorphism is associated with increased obesity risk and that obesity is strongly associated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
It is well established that melanocortin-4 receptor () rs17782313 locus polymorphism is associated with increased obesity risk and that obesity is strongly associated with an enhanced risk of all metabolic syndrome (MS) components. Thus, in this study, we examined the association between the rs17782313 locus polymorphism and the risk of the remaining MS components, namely, diabetes, hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and hypertriglyceridemia. We performed an extensive literature screening across six scientific databases, namely, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Medline, ScienceDirect, CNKI, and WanFang employing a specific search strategy. Eligible studies were selected for inclusion in our meta-analysis, and odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed through fixed- or random-effects models to examine correlation strength. In addition, we performed subgroup analyses involving adjustment factors (unadjusted body mass index [BMI], adjusted BMI), race (Caucasian, Asian), and source of controls (population, hospital). Twenty-two eligible studies were selected from 846 articles, involving 28,018 patients and 98,994 normal participants. Based on this meta-analysis, the rs17782313 locus polymorphism was associated with an augmented risk of diabetes (allele contrast model T vs. C: OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.03-1.08; dominant model TT vs. TC + CC: OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.03-1.11) and hypertension (dominant model TT vs. TC + CC: OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 1.03-1.31) risk. However, based on this analysis, the rs17782313 locus polymorphism was not associated with low HDL and hypertriglyceridemia risk. Based on this analysis, the rs17782313 locus polymorphism is associated with enhanced risks of diabetes and hypertension, while the associations with low HDL and hypertriglyceridemia require further exploration.
Topics: Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 4; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genetic Association Studies; Hypertension
PubMed: 38466981
DOI: 10.1089/met.2023.0221 -
BMJ Open Mar 2024The term "problem drinking" includes a spectrum of alcohol problems ranging from excessive or heavy drinking to alcohol use disorder. Problem drinking is a leading risk...
BACKGROUND
The term "problem drinking" includes a spectrum of alcohol problems ranging from excessive or heavy drinking to alcohol use disorder. Problem drinking is a leading risk factor for death and disability globally. It has been measured and conceptualised in different ways, which has made it difficult to identify common risk factors for problem alcohol use. This scoping review aims to synthesise what is known about the assessment of problem drinking, its magnitude and associated factors.
METHODS
Four databases (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, Global Index Medicus) and Google Scholar were searched from inception to 25 November 2023. Studies were eligible if they focused on people aged 15 and above, were population-based studies reporting problem alcohol use and published in the English language. This review was reported based on guidelines from the 'Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist'. Critical appraisal was done using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
From the 14 296 records identified, 10 749 underwent title/abstract screening, of which 352 full-text articles were assessed, and 81 articles were included for data extraction. Included studies assessed alcohol use with self-report quantity/frequency questionnaires, criteria to determine risky single occasion drinking, validated screening tools, or structured clinical and diagnostic interviews. The most widely used screening tool was the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test. Studies defined problem drinking in various ways, including excessive/heavy drinking, binge drinking, alcohol use disorder, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Across studies, the prevalence of heavy drinking ranged from <1.0% to 53.0%, binge drinking from 2.7% to 48.2%, alcohol abuse from 4.0% to 19.0%, alcohol dependence from 0.1% to 39.0% and alcohol use disorder from 2.0% to 66.6%. Factors associated with problem drinking varied across studies. These included sociodemographic and economic factors (age, sex, relationship status, education, employment, income level, religion, race, location and alcohol outlet density) and clinical factors (like medical problems, mental disorders, other substance use and quality of life).
CONCLUSIONS
Due to differences in measurement, study designs and assessed risk factors, the prevalence of and factors associated with problem drinking varied widely across studies and settings. The alcohol field would benefit from harmonised measurements of alcohol use and problem drinking as this would allow for comparisons to be made across countries and for meta-analyses to be conducted.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
Open Science Framework ID: https://osf.io/2anj3.
Topics: Humans; Alcohol Drinking; Alcohol-Related Disorders; Alcoholism; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38458797
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-080657 -
Maturitas Jun 2024Prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen deprivation therapy may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary recommendations for the prevention and/or... (Review)
Review
The effect of dietary interventions or patterns on the cardiometabolic health of individuals treated with androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: A systematic review.
Prostate cancer survivors treated with androgen deprivation therapy may be at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Dietary recommendations for the prevention and/or management of cardiovascular disease for these individuals are lacking. This review synthesizes the evidence on the effect of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk in prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy. A systematic review was conducted across PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL. Intervention or observational cohort studies evaluating diets, nutrients, or nutraceuticals with or without concurrent exercise interventions on cardiovascular disease, cardiovascular events, or cardiovascular disease biomarkers in those treated with androgen deprivation therapy were included. Confidence in the body of evidence was appraised using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations. Twelve studies reported across fifteen papers were included. Interventions were heterogenous, with most studies including an exercise co-intervention (n = 8). Few significant findings for the effects of diet on cardiometabolic markers were likely due to weak methodology and sample sizes. Strongest evidence was for the effect of a healthy Western dietary pattern with exercise on improved blood pressure (Confidence: moderate). The healthy Western dietary pattern with exercise may improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Confidence: Low) and flow-mediated dilation. Soy may improve total cholesterol (Confidence: Very low). A low-carbohydrate diet with physical activity may improve high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, incidence of metabolic syndrome, and Framingham cardiovascular disease risk score. Evidence of the effect of dietary interventions on cardiometabolic biomarkers and cardiovascular disease risk of prostate cancer survivors receiving androgen deprivation therapy is insufficient to inform practice. Well-designed dietary interventions aimed at improving cardiometabolic outcomes of this population are warranted to inform future dietary recommendations.
Topics: Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Androgen Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Diet; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38430616
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2024.107940