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Pathology, Research and Practice May 2024The cancer cells that are not normal can grow into tumors, invade surrounding tissues, and travel to other parts of the body via the lymphatic or circulatory systems....
The cancer cells that are not normal can grow into tumors, invade surrounding tissues, and travel to other parts of the body via the lymphatic or circulatory systems. Interleukins, a vital class of signaling proteins, facilitate cell-to-cell contact within the immune system. A type of non-coding RNA known as lncRNAs mediates its actions by regulating miRNA-mRNA roles (Interleukins). Because of their dual function in controlling the growth of tumors and altering the immune system's response to cancer cells, interleukins have been extensively studied concerning cancer. Understanding the complex relationships between interleukins, the immune system, the tumor microenvironment, and the components of interleukin signaling pathways that impact the miRNA-mRNA axis, including lncRNAs, has advanced significantly in cancer research. Due to the significant and all-encompassing influence of interleukins on the immune system and the development and advancement of cancers, lncRNAs play a crucial role in cancer research by modulating interleukins. Their diverse effects on immune system regulation, tumor growth encouragement, and tumor inhibition make them appealing candidates for potential cancer treatments and diagnostics. A deeper understanding of the relationship between the biology of interleukin and lncRNAs will likely result in more effective immunotherapy strategies and individualized cancer treatments.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Interleukins; MicroRNAs; Neoplasms; RNA, Long Noncoding; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38663179
DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155284 -
Cell Death & Disease Apr 2024N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, a prevalent eukaryotic post-transcriptional modification, is involved in multiple biological functions, including mediating... (Review)
Review
N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation, a prevalent eukaryotic post-transcriptional modification, is involved in multiple biological functions, including mediating variable splicing, RNA maturation, transcription, and nuclear export, and also is vital for regulating RNA translation, stability, and cytoplasmic degradation. For example, m6A methylation can regulate pre-miRNA expression by affecting both splicing and maturation. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), which includes microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), does not encode proteins but has powerful impacts on transcription and translation. Conversely, ncRNAs may impact m6A methylation by affecting the expression of m6A regulators, including miRNAs targeting mRNA of m6A regulators, or lncRNAs, and circRNAs, acting as scaffolds to regulate transcription of m6A regulatory factors. Dysregulation of m6A methylation is common in urinary tumors, and the regulatory role of ncRNAs is also important for these malignancies. This article provides a systematic review of the role and mechanisms of action of m6A methylation and ncRNAs in urinary tumors.
Topics: Humans; RNA, Long Noncoding; RNA, Circular; RNA, Untranslated; Neoplasms; MicroRNAs; Adenosine
PubMed: 38632251
DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06664-z -
BMC Infectious Diseases Apr 2024Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Tuberculosis (TB) ranks as the second leading cause of death globally among all infectious diseases. This problem is likely due to the lack of biomarkers to differentiate the heterogeneous spectrum of infection. Therefore, the first step in solving this problem is to identify biomarkers to distinguish the different disease states of an individual and treat them accordingly. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) biomarkers are promising candidates for various diseases. In fact, we are yet to conceptualize how miRNA expression influences and predicts TB disease outcomes. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficacy of circulating miRNAs in Latent TB (LTB) and Active Pulmonary TB (PTB).
METHODS
Literature published between 2012 and 2021 was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Google Scholar. Articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and their quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Funnel plots and forest plots were generated to assess the likelihood of study bias and heterogeneity, respectively.
RESULTS
After the screening process, seven articles were selected for qualitative analysis. The study groups, which consisted of Healthy Control (HC) vs. TB and LTB vs. TB, exhibited an overall sensitivity of 81.9% (95% CI: 74.2, 87.7) and specificity of 68.3% (95% CI: 57.8, 77.2), respectively. However, our meta-analysis results highlighted two potentially valuable miRNA candidates, miR-197 and miR-144, for discriminating TB from HC. The miRNA signature model (miR197-3p, miR-let-7e-5p, and miR-223-3p) has also been shown to diagnose DR-TB with a sensitivity of 100%, but with a compromised specificity of only 75%.
CONCLUSION
miRNA biomarkers show a promising future for TB diagnostics. Further multicentre studies without biases are required to identify clinically valid biomarkers for different states of the TB disease spectrum.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42022302729).
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Biomarkers; Latent Tuberculosis
PubMed: 38622570
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09232-0 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024This systematic review delves into the connections between microRNAs and preterm labor, with a focus on identifying diagnostic and prognostic markers for this crucial... (Review)
Review
This systematic review delves into the connections between microRNAs and preterm labor, with a focus on identifying diagnostic and prognostic markers for this crucial pregnancy complication. Covering studies disseminated from 2018 to 2023, the review integrates discoveries from diverse pregnancy-related scenarios, encompassing gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders and pregnancy loss. Through meticulous search strategies and rigorous quality assessments, 47 relevant studies were incorporated. The synthesis highlights the transformative potential of microRNAs as valuable diagnostic tools, offering promising avenues for early intervention. Notably, specific miRNAs demonstrate robust predictive capabilities. In conclusion, this comprehensive analysis lays the foundation for subsequent research, intervention strategies and improved outcomes in the realm of preterm labor.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Obstetric Labor, Premature; Abortion, Spontaneous; Diabetes, Gestational; Hypertension
PubMed: 38612564
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073755 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Jul 2024Adipose tissue is the first and primary target organ of obesity and the main source of circulating miRNAs in patients with obesity. This systematic review aimed to... (Review)
Review
Adipose tissue is the first and primary target organ of obesity and the main source of circulating miRNAs in patients with obesity. This systematic review aimed to analyze and summarize the generation and mechanisms of adipose-derived miRNAs and their role as early predictors of various obesity-related complications. Literature searches in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using terms related to miRNAs, obesity, and adipose tissue. Pre-miRNAs from the Human MicroRNA Disease Database, known to regulate obesity-related metabolic disorders, were combined for intersection processing. Validated miRNA targets were sorted through literature review, and enrichment analysis using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes via the KOBAS online tool, disease analysis, and miRNA transcription factor prediction using the TransmiR v. 2.0 database were also performed. Thirty miRNAs were identified using both obesity and adipose secretion as criteria. Seventy-nine functionally validated targets associated with 30 comorbidities of these miRNAs were identified, implicating pathways such as autophagy, p53 pathways, and inflammation. The miRNA precursors were analyzed to predict their transcription factors and explore their biosynthesis mechanisms. Our findings offer potential insights into the epigenetic changes related to adipose-driven obesity-related comorbidities.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; MicroRNAs; Computational Biology; Adipose Tissue; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38590187
DOI: 10.1111/obr.13748 -
Cureus Mar 2024Gallbladder cancer (GBC) stands out as one of the most widespread malignancies impacting the biliary tract globally. Despite increasing interest, to the best of our... (Review)
Review
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) stands out as one of the most widespread malignancies impacting the biliary tract globally. Despite increasing interest, to the best of our knowledge, no meta-analysis has been undertaken to amalgamate the existing data concerning the prognostic significance of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) in GBC in comparison to studies on miRNAs in other cancers. Hence, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining the prognostic significance of miRNAs in GBC patients. Comprehensive literature searches were conducted across PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ovid, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. Studies that evaluated the association between miRNAs and overall survival in GBC patients were included. Random-effect meta-analysis was employed to pool hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) across studies. A total of 15 studies, encompassing 16 miRs, were included for our analysis. The pooled analysis revealed that a high expression of miR-204, miR-7-2-3p, miR-29c-3p, miR-125b, miR-20a, miR-139-5p, miR-141, miR-92b-3p, miR-335, and miR-372 was significantly associated with poor prognosis and increased risk (HR>1 and the upper bound of the 95% CI>1). Additionally, these miRNAs were associated with the overall survival (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 0.91-2.20, = 91.82%). Significant heterogeneity was observed and could be attributed to the limited number of studies available on the GBC and significant reliance on quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of miRNAs. In conclusion, specific miRNAs exhibit prognostic significance in GBC, with potential implications for patient stratification and targeted therapeutic interventions. However, due to the heterogeneity among studies, these findings should be interpreted cautiously and validated in larger cohorts.
PubMed: 38576631
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55515 -
BMC Oral Health Mar 2024Recent studies have indicated that microRNA (miRNA) expression in tumour tissues has prognostic significance in Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Recent studies have indicated that microRNA (miRNA) expression in tumour tissues has prognostic significance in Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) patients. This study explored the possible prognostic value of miRNAs for TSCC based on published research.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of multiple databases was conducted according to predefined eligibility criteria. Data were extracted from the included studies by two researchers, and HR results were determined based on Kaplan‒Meier curves according to the Tierney method. The Newcastle‒Ottawa Scale (NOS) and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) pro-GDT were applied to assess the quality of all studies. Publication bias was estimated by funnel plot, Egger's rank correlation test and sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS
Eleven studies (891patients) were included, of which 6 reported up-regulated miRNAs and 7 mentioned down-regulated miRNAs. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) from the prognostic indicator overall survival (OS) was 1.34 (1.25-1.44), p < 0.00001, indicating a significant difference in miRNA expression between TSCC patients with better or worse prognosis.
CONCLUSION
MiRNAs may have high prognostic value and could be used as prognostic biomarkers of TSCC.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Prognosis; Tongue Neoplasms; Biomarkers, Tumor; MicroRNAs; Tongue
PubMed: 38556858
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04182-0 -
Frontiers in Reproductive Health 2024MicroRNAs are small noncoding genes with gene expression regulatory function. Their emergence as potential diagnostic biomarker for many diseases has gained a specific...
INTRODUCTION
MicroRNAs are small noncoding genes with gene expression regulatory function. Their emergence as potential diagnostic biomarker for many diseases has gained a specific interest among researchers. Observations of changes in miRNA levels correlating with aneuploidy in early embryos raise the prospective of employing miRNA as biomarkers to assess the embryo quality.
METHOD
To identify and gather the miRNAs with potential link to chromosomal abnormalities in embryos from previous research, we conducted a systematic search using four databases, including Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
Out of 200 identified records, only seven met the inclusion criteria. Seven miRNAs: miR-19b, miR-517c, miR-518e, miR-522, miR-92a, and miR-106a exhibited persistent downregulation in aneuploid blastocysts in the included studies. These miRNAs are members of important miRNA clusters, associated with abnormal expression in studies on reproductive failure. Pathway analysis revealed their involvement in regulating gene transcription, as well as cell cycle progression and apoptosis.
DISCUSSION
The changes detected in the miRNA expression in aneuploid embryos across different studies support the aneuploidy and miRNA relationship and prospect miRNA as a valuable tool for the assessment of embryo quality. Collectively, these observations highlight the role of miRNAs in embryonic development, and their involvement in genetic abnormalities that occur in embryos, such as aneuploidy, indicating their potential implementation to improve the embryo selection and reproductive outcomes.
PubMed: 38550247
DOI: 10.3389/frph.2024.1370341 -
Nutrients Mar 2024The evidence suggests that diet can modulate endogenous microRNA (miRNA) expression. Changes in miRNA expression may affect metabolic processes and consequently be... (Review)
Review
The evidence suggests that diet can modulate endogenous microRNA (miRNA) expression. Changes in miRNA expression may affect metabolic processes and consequently be involved in health status and disease development. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence of the role of diet and specific food components in the regulation of miRNA expression and discuss its implications for human health and disease development. The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were searched in accordance with the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines for relevant studies. A total of 32 interventional and 5 observational studies performed in adults and evaluating dietary modulation of miRNA expression were included. Energy- and fat-controlled diets along with plant-based foods show substantial evidence of modulating endogenous miRNA levels. Plasma, serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are the main sources used to measure miRNAs. A total of 108 miRNAs modulated by diet were identified. We confirmed that dietary habits are closely associated with the modulation of endogenous miRNAs. Particularly, energy content and fat intake appeared to be key factors influencing miRNA levels. Furthermore, since miRNAs are involved in the regulation of several biological processes, this modulatory process may affect health status and lead to metabolic disorders.
Topics: Adult; Humans; MicroRNAs; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Diet
PubMed: 38542682
DOI: 10.3390/nu16060770 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Mar 2024: An extracellular vesicle is part of a class of submicron particles derived from cells, mediating cellular crosstalk through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA is a group of RNA...
: An extracellular vesicle is part of a class of submicron particles derived from cells, mediating cellular crosstalk through microRNA (miRNA). MiRNA is a group of RNA molecules, each of which consists of 15-22 nucleotides and post-transcriptionally modulates gene expression. The complementary mRNAs-onto which the miRNAs hybridize-are involved in processes such as implantation, tumor suppression, proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis that define the entire tumor microenvironment. The endometrial biopsy is a standard technique used to recognize cellular atypia, but other non-invasive markers may reduce patient discomfort during the use of invasive methods. The present study aims to examine the distribution and the regulation of the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and EV-derived substances in women with endometrial cancer. : We systematically searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect databases in April 2023, adopted the string "Endometrial Neoplasms AND Exosomes", and followed the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. We selected all the studies that included patients with endometrial cancer and that described the regulation of miRNA molecules in that context. The differences in molecule expression between patients and controls were evaluated as significant when the proteins had a fold change of ±1.5. : Seventeen records fulfilled the inclusion criteria: a total of 371 patients and 273 controls were analyzed. The upregulated molecules that had the widest delta between endometrial cancer patients and controls-relative expression ≥ 1 > 3 log2(ratio)-were miR-20b-5p, miR-204-5p, miR-15a-5p, and miR-320a. In particular, miR-20b-5p and miR-204-5p were extracted from both serum and endometrial specimens, whereas miR-15a-5p was only isolated from plasma, and miR-320a was only extracted from the endometrial specimens. In parallel, the most downregulated miRNA in the endometrial cancer patients compared to the healthy subjects was miR-320a, which was found in the endometrial specimens. : Although their epigenetic regulation remains unknown, these upregulated molecules derived from EVs are feasible markers for the early detection of endometrial cancer. The modulation of these miRNA molecules should be assessed during different treatments or if recurrence develops in response to a targeted treatment modality.
Topics: Female; Humans; Embryo Implantation; Endometrial Neoplasms; Endometrium; Epigenesis, Genetic; MicroRNAs; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38541212
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60030486