-
Psychological Bulletin Jun 2024Stress generation posits that (a) individuals at-risk for psychopathology may inadvertently experience higher rates of prospective dependent stress (i.e., stressors that...
A systematic review and Bayesian meta-analysis of 30 years of stress generation research: Clinical, psychological, and sociodemographic risk and protective factors for prospective negative life events.
Stress generation posits that (a) individuals at-risk for psychopathology may inadvertently experience higher rates of prospective dependent stress (i.e., stressors that are in part influenced by their thoughts and behaviors) but not independent stress (i.e., stressors occurring outside their influence), and (b) this elevated dependent stress, in some measure, is what places these individuals at-risk for future psychopathology. In recognition of 30 years of stress generation research, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using frequentist and Bayesian approaches (102 articles with 104 eligible studies, = 31,541). Generally strong support was found for psychopathology predicting dependent stress (e.g., ds = 0.36-0.52, BF₁₀ = 946.00 to 4.65 × 10¹⁸). Moderator analyses for dependent stress revealed larger effects for briefer assessments periods, shorter follow-ups, and self-report measures than for interviews. Among risk factors, depressogenic cognitive styles (ds = .26-.50, BF₁₀ = 47.50 to 1.00 × 10⁵) and general interpersonal vulnerability (ds = .26-.44, BF₁₀ = 2.72 to 2708.00) received the strongest support as stress generation mechanisms, and current evidence is modest for protective factors predicting dependent stress. Overall, larger effects were generally found for prospective prediction of dependent stress than independent stress. Evaluations of mediation in the research literature were relatively few, limiting the current review to qualitative analysis of the mediation component of stress generation. General support was found, however, for dependent stress as a mediator for psychopathology and associated risk factors in relation to subsequent psychopathology. The current review ends with recommendations for future research and integration of stress generation within minority stress frameworks. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
PubMed: 38900550
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000431 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2024Suicide-related outcomes among adolescents have become a serious public health problem worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that sports participation may interact with...
BACKGROUND
Suicide-related outcomes among adolescents have become a serious public health problem worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that sports participation may interact with suicide-related outcomes. The objective of this systematic review is to systematically review and summarize the association between sports participation and suicide-related outcomes among adolescents.
DESIGN
A systematic review according to PRISMA Statement (International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols registration: INPLASY202330072) https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-3-0072/.
METHODS
The literature search was conducted in three electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCOhost.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies (12 cross-sectional studies, 4 prospective studies) met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Strong consistent evidence was found for the negative association between suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and sports participation among adolescents. There was insufficient evidence to support consistency in the association between sports participation and suicide plans, and no evidence regarding gender differences between sports participation and these suicide-related outcomes. Furthermore, there was heterogeneity in the measures of sports participation and suicide-related outcomes across the included studies.
CONCLUSION
Evidence suggests that more sports participations are associated with lower suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adolescents. However, the directionality of the observed associations should be examined based on more high-quality longitudinal studies in the future.
PubMed: 38899127
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1341795 -
Acta Psychologica Jun 2024This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the relationship between successful aging (SA) and resilience in older adults, focusing on individuals aged 60 and...
BACKGROUND
This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the relationship between successful aging (SA) and resilience in older adults, focusing on individuals aged 60 and above, to address a significant gap in understanding how resilience contributes to SA.
METHODS
Following the Cochrane review guidelines, we conducted searches in databases such as Web of Science, PsycNet, and PubMed up to December 2021 and used PRISMA as a tool for reporting the results. Our inclusion criteria were studies on psychological resilience and SA in older adults aged 60 and above. Exclusion criteria included studies on physical resilience, medical outcomes of SA, other indicators not used in screened studies (e.g., prevalence, means), populations with suicidal ideation or chronic/palliative illnesses, studies considering resilience as an indicator of SA, and qualitative studies on the association between resilience and SA.
RESULTS
A total of 21 studies were included and assessed for risk of bias using funnel plot and trim-and-fill methods. The meta-analysis revealed a medium effect size indicating a positive relationship between resilience and SA. However, high heterogeneity warrants a cautious interpretation of these results. No significant differences were found between older adults in the general population and those in retirement communities, nor were geographical variations (Asia, Europe, America) found to moderate this relationship.
DISCUSSION
The findings highlight the intrinsic link between older adults' attitudes towards aging, their subjective evaluations, and their level of psychological resilience. Resilience acts as a protective factor against psychological and physical adversities, underscoring the importance of resilience-enhancing strategies in interventions aimed at promoting SA. The conclusions drawn from this analysis should be approached with caution due to the heterogeneity of the included studies.
PubMed: 38897094
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104357 -
Nutrients May 2024The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results were not entirely consistent across studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were conducted to determine the association between broccoli consumption and cancer risk with the aim of clarifying the beneficial biological effects of broccoli consumption on cancer.
METHODS
PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Epistemonikos databases were searched to identify all published papers that evaluate the impact of broccoli consumption on the risk of cancer. Citation chasing of included studies was conducted as a complementary search strategy. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively synthesize results, with the I2 index used to assess heterogeneity.
RESULTS
Twenty-three case-control studies (n = 12,929 cases and 18,363 controls; n = 31,292 individuals) and 12 cohort studies (n = 699,482 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of cancer both in case-control studies (OR: 0.64, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.70, < 0.001; Q = 35.97, = 0.072, I = 30.49%-moderate heterogeneity; τ = 0.016) and cohort studies (RR: 0.89, 95% CI from 0.82 to 0.96, = 0.003; Q = 13.51, = 0.333, I = 11.21%-low heterogeneity; τ = 0.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential benefit of broccoli consumption in site-specific cancers only in case-control studies.
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, the findings indicate that individuals suffering from some type of cancer consumed less broccoli, suggesting a protective biological effect of broccoli on cancer. More studies, especially cohort studies, are necessary to clarify the possible beneficial effect of broccoli on several types of cancer.
Topics: Brassica; Humans; Neoplasms; Observational Studies as Topic; Diet; Risk Factors; Female; Case-Control Studies
PubMed: 38892516
DOI: 10.3390/nu16111583 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2024The associations of plasma metabolites with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes are still underexplored and may be useful in CV risk stratification. We performed a... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The associations of plasma metabolites with adverse cardiovascular (CV) outcomes are still underexplored and may be useful in CV risk stratification. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish correlations between blood metabolites and adverse CV outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Four cohorts were included, involving 83 metabolites and 37 metabolite ratios, measured in 1158 HF patients. Hazard ratios (HR) of 42 metabolites and 3 metabolite ratios, present in at least two studies, were combined through meta-analysis. Higher levels of histidine (HR 0.74, 95% CI [0.64; 0.86]) and tryptophan (HR 0.82 [0.71; 0.96]) seemed protective, whereas higher levels of symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) (HR 1.58 [1.30; 1.93]), N-methyl-1-histidine (HR 1.56 [1.27; 1.90]), SDMA/arginine (HR 1.38 [1.14; 1.68]), putrescine (HR 1.31 [1.06; 1.61]), methionine sulfoxide (HR 1.26 [1.03; 1.52]), and 5-hydroxylysine (HR 1.25 [1.05; 1.48]) were associated with a higher risk of CV events. Our findings corroborate important associations between metabolic imbalances and a higher risk of CV events in HF patients. However, the lack of standardization and data reporting hampered the comparison of a higher number of studies. In a future clinical scenario, metabolomics will greatly benefit from harmonizing sample handling, data analysis, reporting, and sharing.
Topics: Humans; Heart Failure; Metabolomics; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Metabolome; Heart Disease Risk Factors
PubMed: 38891881
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115693 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Dementia is a gradual and ongoing cognitive decline due to damage to nerve cells in the brain. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the potential relationship between... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Dementia is a gradual and ongoing cognitive decline due to damage to nerve cells in the brain. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the potential relationship between regional anesthesia (RA) and the risk of dementia.
METHODS
Electronic databases including Embase, Medline, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were searched for studies investigating the association between RA and dementia risk from inception to March 2022. The primary outcome was the risk of dementia in patients who underwent RA (RA group) and those who received general anesthesia (GA group). Secondary outcomes included identifying other potential risk factors for dementia and comparing dementia risk between individuals receiving RA and those not receiving surgery/anesthesia (placebo group).
RESULTS
Eight cohort studies published between 2014 and 2023 were included in this analysis. A meta-analysis of the available data demonstrated no differences in baseline characteristics and morbidities (i.e., age, male proportion, hypertension, diabetes, depression, and severe comorbidities) between the RA and GA groups (all > 0.05). Initial analysis revealed that the risk of dementia was higher in the GA group than in the RA group (HR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.29-2.55, = 0.007, = 99%, five studies). However, when a study featuring a relatively younger population was excluded from the sensitivity analysis, the results showed a similar risk of dementia (HR, 1.17; = 0.13) between the GA and RA groups. The pooled results revealed no difference in dementia risk between the RA and placebo groups (HR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.69-2.07, = 0.52, = 68%, three studies). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the evidence was not stable, suggesting that limited datasets precluded strong conclusions on this outcome. Anxiety, stroke history, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes are potential predictors of dementia.
CONCLUSION
Our results emphasize that, while RA could be protective against dementia risk compared to GA, the association between the type of anesthesia and dementia risk might vary among different age groups. Owing to the significant prevalence of dementia among older people and their surgical needs, further investigations are warranted to clarify the association between dementia risk and regional anesthesia.: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, CRD42023411324.
Topics: Humans; Anesthesia, General; Dementia; Anesthesia, Conduction; Risk Factors; Male; Aged; Female
PubMed: 38887243
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1362461 -
Acta Medica Philippina 2024The World Health Organization recently revised their recommendations and considered healthy children and adolescents as low priority group for COVID-19 vaccine. This...
OBJECTIVES
The World Health Organization recently revised their recommendations and considered healthy children and adolescents as low priority group for COVID-19 vaccine. This review comprehensively assessed existing clinical evidence on COVID-19 vaccine in 12-17 years old.
METHODS
Included in this review were any type of study that investigated the efficacy, immunogenicity, safety, and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine on protection against SARS-COV-2 infection in 12-17 years old. Various electronic databases were searched up to March 15, 2023. Studies were screened, data extracted, risk of bias appraised, and certainty of evidence was judged using GRADE. Review Manager 5.4 was used to estimate pooled effects. Difference between the two groups was described as mean difference for continuous variables and as relative risk or odds ratio for categorical variables.
RESULTS
There were six randomized controlled trials and 16 effectiveness studies (8 cohorts and 8 case control). Low certainty evidence showed that BNT162b2 (Pfizer) was effective, immunogenic, and safe in healthy adolescents. There were 15 effectiveness studies on BNT162b2 (Pfizer) in healthy adolescent and one on immunocompromised patients. It was protective against infection with any of the variants, with higher protection against Delta than Omicron. BNT162b2 is protective against hospitalization and emergency and urgent care (high certainty); and critical care and MIS-C (low). Very low certainty evidence noted that BNT 162b2 was also immunogenic in 12-21 years old with rheumatic diseases while on immunomodulatory treatment but with possible increased exacerbation of illness. Low certainty evidence demonstrated that mRNA-1273 (Moderna) was effective, immunogenic, and safe. Low to very low certainty evidence were noted on the safety and immunogenicity of two vector base vaccines (ChAdOx1-19 and Ad5 vector COVID vaccine) and two inactivated vaccines (CoronaVac and BBIBP CorV).
CONCLUSION
There is presently low certainty evidence on the use of RNA vaccines in 12-17 years old. The recommendation on its use is weak. There is presently insufficient evidence for the use of inactivated and vector-based COVID-19 vaccines. Different countries should consider whether to vaccinate healthy adolescent without comprising the other recommended immunization and health priorities that are crucial for this age group. Other factors including cost-effectiveness of vaccination and disease burden should be accounted.
PubMed: 38882914
DOI: 10.47895/amp.v58i7.7930 -
Geriatrics & Gerontology International Jun 2024Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by the coexistence of the loss of muscle mass and function with excess adipose tissue. Its prevalence has increased... (Review)
Review
AIM
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is characterized by the coexistence of the loss of muscle mass and function with excess adipose tissue. Its prevalence has increased concomitantly with population aging, becoming one of the most significant challenges for public health, threatening the quality of life and the physical and mental health of the elderly population.
METHODS
This study estimated the prevalence and factors associated with SO among adults and the elderly in Brazil's macro-regions, utilizing MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and the Virtual Health Library databases. Primary outcomes included SO prevalence overall and by subgroups, with secondary outcomes identifying associated factors.
RESULTS
A systematic review of 33 studies with 10 266 participants up to July 2023 showed a 17% prevalence of SO (95% confidence interval: 13-21%), using a random effects meta-analysis. The Central-West region had the highest occurrence (27%). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (26%) and bioimpedance (6%) were the top diagnostic methods. Protective factors were chronic kidney disease and healthy lifestyles; risk factors included socioeconomic status, functionality, lifestyle, biochemical parameters, and comorbidities such as osteoarthritis and apnea.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of SO in Brazil is significant, emerging as a critical public health problem. It is essential to direct attention to changes in prevalence rates in the coming years, given the rising obesity trends and the absolute increase in the elderly population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.
PubMed: 38868920
DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14918 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Jun 2024Rebleeding is a significant complication of endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate in gastric varices in cirrhotic patients.
BACKGROUND
Rebleeding is a significant complication of endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate in gastric varices in cirrhotic patients.
AIM
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficiency of endoscopic cyanoacrylate injection and summarized the risk factors for rebleeding.
METHODS
Databases were searched for articles published between January 2012 and December 2022. Studies evaluating the efficiency of endoscopic injection of cyanoacrylate glue for gastric varices and the risk factors for rebleeding were included.
RESULTS
The final analysis included data from 24 studies. The hemostatic rates ranged from 65 to 100%. The pooled rate of gastric varices recurrence was 34% [95% CI 21-46, I = 61.4%], early rebleeding rate was 16% [95% CI 11-20, I = 37.4%], late rebleeding rate was 39% [95% CI 36-42, I = 90.9%], mild and moderate adverse events rate were 28% [95% CI 24-31, I = 91.6%], 3% [95% CI - 2 to 8, I = 15.3%], rebleeding-related mortality rate was 6% [95% CI 2-10, I = 0%], all-cause mortality rate was 17% [95% CI 12-22, I = 63.6%]. Independent risk factors for gastric variceal rebleeding included portal venous thrombosis, ascites, cyanoacrylate volume, fever/systemic inflammatory response syndrome, red Wale sign, previous history of variceal bleeding, active bleeding and paragastric veins. The use of proton pump inhibitors could be a protective factor.
CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic cyanoacrylate glue injection is an effective and safe treatment for gastric varices. Cirrhotic patients with the above risk factors may benefit from treatment aimed at reducing portal hypertension, antibiotic prophylaxis, and anticoagulation if they meet the indications.
PubMed: 38864930
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08482-x -
BMC Psychiatry Jun 2024Depression is a prevalent mental health problem in postmenopausal women. Given its significant impact on the quality of life and overall well-being of postmenopausal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression is a prevalent mental health problem in postmenopausal women. Given its significant impact on the quality of life and overall well-being of postmenopausal women, there is need for a comprehensive review and meta-analysis of the existing research globally. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the global prevalence of depression and potential associated factors in postmenopausal women.
METHODS
The Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases were systematically searched from inception to March 22, 2023. The meta-analysis used the random-effects model to calculate the prevalence of depression rates and associated factors. In addition, subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were performed. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots, Egger's test, and nonparametric trim-and-fill tests.
RESULTS
The meta-analysis included 50 studies that involved 385,092 postmenopausal women. The prevalence of depression in postmenopausal women was 28.00% (95% CI, 25.80-30.10). Among the factors relevant to depression among postmenopausal women, marital status (OR: 2.03, 95%CI: 1.33-3.11), history of mental illness (OR: 2.31, 95%CI: 1.50-3.57), chronic disease (OR: 3.13, 95%CI: 2.20-4.44), menstrual cycle (OR: 1.42, 95%CI: 1.17-1.72), abortion numbers (OR: 1.59, 95%CI: 1.40-1.80), menopausal symptoms (OR: 2.10, 95%CI: 1.52-2.90), and hormone replacement therapy (OR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.31-2.35) were risk factors, while physical activity (OR: 0.56, 95%CI: 0.53-0.59), number of breastfed infants (OR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.19-0.97), menopause age (OR: 0.44, 95%CI: 0.37-0.51) were preventive factors.
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that the prevalence of postmenopausal depression is high, and some risk factors and protective factors associated with it have been identified. It is necessary to improve screening and management and optimize prevention and intervention strategies to reduce the harmful effects of postmenopausal depression.
Topics: Humans; Postmenopause; Female; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Depression; Depressive Disorder
PubMed: 38858633
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05875-0