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The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2023Chronic pain is common in adults, and often has a detrimental impact upon physical ability, well-being, and quality of life. Previous reviews have shown that certain... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Chronic pain is common in adults, and often has a detrimental impact upon physical ability, well-being, and quality of life. Previous reviews have shown that certain antidepressants may be effective in reducing pain with some benefit in improving patients' global impression of change for certain chronic pain conditions. However, there has not been a network meta-analysis (NMA) examining all antidepressants across all chronic pain conditions.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the comparative efficacy and safety of antidepressants for adults with chronic pain (except headache).
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, LILACS, AMED and PsycINFO databases, and clinical trials registries, for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of antidepressants for chronic pain conditions in January 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included RCTs that examined antidepressants for chronic pain against any comparator. If the comparator was placebo, another medication, another antidepressant, or the same antidepressant at different doses, then we required the study to be double-blind. We included RCTs with active comparators that were unable to be double-blinded (e.g. psychotherapy) but rated them as high risk of bias. We excluded RCTs where the follow-up was less than two weeks and those with fewer than 10 participants in each arm. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors separately screened, data extracted, and judged risk of bias. We synthesised the data using Bayesian NMA and pairwise meta-analyses for each outcome and ranked the antidepressants in terms of their effectiveness using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA). We primarily used Confidence in Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) and Risk of Bias due to Missing Evidence in Network meta-analysis (ROB-MEN) to assess the certainty of the evidence. Where it was not possible to use CINeMA and ROB-MEN due to the complexity of the networks, we used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. Our primary outcomes were substantial (50%) pain relief, pain intensity, mood, and adverse events. Our secondary outcomes were moderate pain relief (30%), physical function, sleep, quality of life, Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC), serious adverse events, and withdrawal.
MAIN RESULTS
This review and NMA included 176 studies with a total of 28,664 participants. The majority of studies were placebo-controlled (83), and parallel-armed (141). The most common pain conditions examined were fibromyalgia (59 studies); neuropathic pain (49 studies) and musculoskeletal pain (40 studies). The average length of RCTs was 10 weeks. Seven studies provided no useable data and were omitted from the NMA. The majority of studies measured short-term outcomes only and excluded people with low mood and other mental health conditions. Across efficacy outcomes, duloxetine was consistently the highest-ranked antidepressant with moderate- to high-certainty evidence. In duloxetine studies, standard dose was equally efficacious as high dose for the majority of outcomes. Milnacipran was often ranked as the next most efficacious antidepressant, although the certainty of evidence was lower than that of duloxetine. There was insufficient evidence to draw robust conclusions for the efficacy and safety of any other antidepressant for chronic pain. Primary efficacy outcomes Duloxetine standard dose (60 mg) showed a small to moderate effect for substantial pain relief (odds ratio (OR) 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69 to 2.17; 16 studies, 4490 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) and continuous pain intensity (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.31, 95% CI -0.39 to -0.24; 18 studies, 4959 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). For pain intensity, milnacipran standard dose (100 mg) also showed a small effect (SMD -0.22, 95% CI -0.39 to 0.06; 4 studies, 1866 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). Mirtazapine (30 mg) had a moderate effect on mood (SMD -0.5, 95% CI -0.78 to -0.22; 1 study, 406 participants; low-certainty evidence), while duloxetine showed a small effect (SMD -0.16, 95% CI -0.22 to -0.1; 26 studies, 7952 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); however it is important to note that most studies excluded participants with mental health conditions, and so average anxiety and depression scores tended to be in the 'normal' or 'subclinical' ranges at baseline already. Secondary efficacy outcomes Across all secondary efficacy outcomes (moderate pain relief, physical function, sleep, quality of life, and PGIC), duloxetine and milnacipran were the highest-ranked antidepressants with moderate-certainty evidence, although effects were small. For both duloxetine and milnacipran, standard doses were as efficacious as high doses. Safety There was very low-certainty evidence for all safety outcomes (adverse events, serious adverse events, and withdrawal) across all antidepressants. We cannot draw any reliable conclusions from the NMAs for these outcomes.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Our review and NMAs show that despite studies investigating 25 different antidepressants, the only antidepressant we are certain about for the treatment of chronic pain is duloxetine. Duloxetine was moderately efficacious across all outcomes at standard dose. There is also promising evidence for milnacipran, although further high-quality research is needed to be confident in these conclusions. Evidence for all other antidepressants was low certainty. As RCTs excluded people with low mood, we were unable to establish the effects of antidepressants for people with chronic pain and depression. There is currently no reliable evidence for the long-term efficacy of any antidepressant, and no reliable evidence for the safety of antidepressants for chronic pain at any time point.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Antidepressive Agents; Chronic Pain; Duloxetine Hydrochloride; Milnacipran; Network Meta-Analysis; Pain Management; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37160297
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD014682.pub2 -
Midwifery Jul 2023To identify barriers and facilitators related to psychological help-seeking behaviors of perinatal depression from all related stakeholders (e.g., perinatal women,... (Review)
Review
Barriers and facilitators of psychological help-seeking behaviors for perinatal women with depressive symptoms: A qualitative systematic review based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.
OBJECTIVE
To identify barriers and facilitators related to psychological help-seeking behaviors of perinatal depression from all related stakeholders (e.g., perinatal women, family members, mental health care providers, and policymakers).
DESIGN
A literature search of six English-language databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL) and three Chinese-language databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, Chinese Biomedical Literature Databases). Studies published in English or Chinese using qualitative or mixed methods to explore the psychological help-seeking behaviors of women with perinatal depression were included. Data extraction was synthesized for common themes based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research. The Joanna Briggs Institute Qualitative Assessment and Review Instrument was used to appraise methodologic quality.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTINGS
Perinatal women with depression, mental health care providers (e.g., pediatricians/nurses, social workers, nurse-midwives, perinatal psychiatrists, community health workers, and administrators), partners and informal caregivers (e.g., community birth attendants, elderly mothers, and men of reproductive age) based in high, middle and low income countries.
FINDINGS
Forty-three articles were included in this review and presented according to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research domains (in parentheses). The most common barriers to help seeking were stigma (individual characteristics), misconceptions (individual characteristics), cultural beliefs (inner setting), and lack of social support (outer setting). The most common facilitators were providing adequate support (outer setting) and perinatal health care professional training on how to detect, manage and discuss depression; establishing supportive relationships with mental health care providers; and eroding stigma (all three implementation processes).
KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
This systematic review could serve as a reference framework for health authorities to develop diverse strategies for improving the psychological help-seeking behaviors of women with perinatal depression. More high-quality studies focused on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research characteristics of available interventions, and implementation processes are needed in future research.
Topics: Pregnancy; Male; Female; Humans; Aged; Depression; Help-Seeking Behavior; Parturition; Delivery of Health Care; Mothers; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 37119670
DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103686 -
Movement Disorders : Official Journal... Jun 2023Antipsychotic-associated movement disorders remain common and disabling. Their screening and assessment are challenging due to clinical heterogeneity and different use...
BACKGROUND
Antipsychotic-associated movement disorders remain common and disabling. Their screening and assessment are challenging due to clinical heterogeneity and different use of nomenclature between psychiatrists and neurologists.
OBJECTIVE
An International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society subcommittee aimed to rate psychometric quality of severity and screening instruments for antipsychotic-associated movement disorders.
METHODS
Following the methodology adopted by previous International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society subcommittee papers, instruments for antipsychotic-associated movement disorders were reviewed, applying a classification as "recommended," "recommended with caveats," "suggested," or "listed."
RESULTS
Our review identified 23 instruments. The highest grade of recommendation reached is "recommended with caveats," assigned to seven severity rating instruments (Extrapyramidal Symptoms Rating Scale, Barnes Akathisia Rating Scale, Abnormal Involuntary Movements Scale, Drug-Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale, Maryland Psychiatric Research Centre involuntary movements scale, Simpson Angus Scale, and Matson Evaluation of Drug Side effects). Only three of these seven (Drug-Induced Extra-Pyramidal Symptoms Scale, Maryland Psychiatric Research Centre, Matson Evaluation of Drug Side effects) were also screening instruments. Their main caveats are insufficient demonstration of psychometric properties (internal consistency, skewing, responsiveness to change) and long duration of administration. Eight "suggested" instruments did not meet requirements for the "recommended" grade also because of insufficient psychometric validation. Other limitations shared by several instruments are lack of comprehensiveness in assessing the spectrum of antipsychotic-associated movement disorders and ambiguous nomenclature.
CONCLUSIONS
The high number of instruments "recommended with caveats" does not support the need for developing new instruments for antipsychotic-associated movement disorders. However, addressing the caveats with new psychometric studies and revising existing instruments to improve the clarity of their nomenclature are recommended next steps. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Topics: Humans; Antipsychotic Agents; Parkinson Disease; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
PubMed: 37081740
DOI: 10.1002/mds.29392 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International May 2023Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. The German National Disease Management Guideline on Unipolar Depression (NDGM), (Nationale...
BACKGROUND
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders worldwide. The German National Disease Management Guideline on Unipolar Depression (NDGM), (Nationale Versorgungsleitlinie, NVL), updated in 2022, contains recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic depressive disorders.
METHODS
The update was based on the findings of a systematic review of the evidence (2013-2022) and was issued by a multidisciplinary panel after a formalized consensus process.
RESULTS
The structure of the guideline was fundamentally revised and is now based on the phases of depression and/or its treatment, as well as on the severity of the disease. There is newly added material with recommendations on Internet- and mobile-device based treatments, esketamine, repetitive magnetic stimulation, psychosocial therapies, rehabilitation, social participation, and complex forms of care. The guideline also emphasizes better coordination of all services in the care of patients with depression. This article covers the most important changes and additions among the 156 recommendations in the guideline. More information and accompanying materials are available at www.leitlinien.de/depression.
CONCLUSION
There are effective treatments for depression and a variety of supportive measures that can be applied with great benefit by primary care physicians, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, and complementary care providers. The updated guideline aims to further improve the early detection, definitive diagnosis, treatment, and interdisciplinary care of people with depression.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder; Depression; Early Diagnosis
PubMed: 37070271
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0074 -
BJPsych Open Apr 2023There is mounting interest in the potential efficacy of low carbohydrate and very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets in various neurological and psychiatric disorders. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
There is mounting interest in the potential efficacy of low carbohydrate and very low carbohydrate ketogenic diets in various neurological and psychiatric disorders.
AIMS
To conduct a systematic review and narrative synthesis of low carbohydrate and ketogenic diets (LC/KD) in adults with mood and anxiety disorders.
METHOD
MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were systematically searched for articles from inception to 6 September 2022. Studies that included adults with any mood or anxiety disorder treated with a low carbohydrate or ketogenic intervention, reporting effects on mood or anxiety symptoms were eligible for inclusion. PROSPERO registration CRD42019116367.
RESULTS
The search yielded 1377 articles, of which 48 were assessed for full-text eligibility. Twelve heterogeneous studies (stated as ketogenic interventions, albeit with incomplete carbohydrate reporting and measurements of ketosis; diet duration: 2 weeks to 3 years; = 389; age range 19 to 75 years) were included in the final analysis. This included nine case reports, two cohort studies and one observational study. Data quality was variable, with no high-quality evidence identified. Efficacy, adverse effects and discontinuation rates were not systematically reported. There was some evidence for efficacy of ketogenic diets in those with bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder and possibly unipolar depression/anxiety. Relapse after discontinuation of the diet was reported in some individuals.
CONCLUSIONS
Although there is no high-quality evidence of LC/KD efficacy in mood or anxiety disorders, several uncontrolled studies suggest possible beneficial effects. Robust studies are now needed to demonstrate efficacy, to identify clinical groups who may benefit and whether a ketogenic diet (beyond low carbohydrate) is required and to characterise adverse effects and the risk of relapse after diet discontinuation.
PubMed: 37066662
DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2023.36 -
Sexual Medicine Reviews Oct 2022The term "paedophilia erotica" was first coined in 1886 by the psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing and it was considered a "psycho-sexual perversion." It was at the beginning of...
INTRODUCTION
The term "paedophilia erotica" was first coined in 1886 by the psychiatrist Krafft-Ebing and it was considered a "psycho-sexual perversion." It was at the beginning of the twentieth century that the term "pedophilia" was adopted and it started to appear in medical dictionaries. Sexual abuse is legally defined as the engagement in sexual contact with a person below a specified age or who is incapable of giving consent. Both, pedophilia and child sexual abuse (CSA) are worldwide phenomena requiring deep scientific knowledge in order to improve prevention strategies. Individuals' misconceptions of pedophilia and CSA may legitimize sexual violence, which can influence prevention strategies and policies.
OBJECTIVES
This review aimed to summarize existing research to help answer the question: "What are laypeople´s myths regarding pedophilia and CSA?"
METHODS
This systematic review followed the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to identify as many relevant articles as possible. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost databases for articles published before January 2022. Sixty-one articles were included in the current review.
RESULTS
Overall, findings revealed a significant number of myths regarding pedophilia and CSA, organized into the following categories: (i) blame diffusion, (ii) denial of abusiveness, (iii) restrictive stereotypes, (iv) victim age and consequences, (v) social stigma, (vi) punitive attitudes, and (vii) treatment.
CONCLUSION
Findings suggested that laypeople's perceptions should be taken into account when devising prevention policies. Additionally, perceptions should also be a target of prevention since there is evidence of social stigma and prejudice involving individuals with pedophilia. Such phenomena can contribute to social, emotional, and cognitive problems, among said individuals as well as causing these individuals to exhibit a higher risk for abusive behavior and less help-seeking.
Topics: Child; Humans; Pedophilia; Child Abuse, Sexual; Sexual Behavior; Paraphilic Disorders; Social Stigma
PubMed: 37051950
DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2022.06.010 -
East Asian Archives of Psychiatry :... Mar 2023To systematically review case reports of psychosis related to withdrawal or overdose of baclofen, which is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review case reports of psychosis related to withdrawal or overdose of baclofen, which is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist.
METHODS
PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO were searched to identify articles related to psychosis secondary to withdrawal or overdose of baclofen using the terms 'baclofen' and ' psychosis'. Comparisons were made between cases in terms of concomitant antipsychotic use, diagnosis of delirium, and evidence of association. Quality of case reports was assessed using the CARE Case Report Guidelines checklist.
RESULTS
In total, 34 patients from 28 case reports were reviewed. Twenty-three patients experienced psychosis upon baclofen withdrawal; among them, 18 had resolution of psychosis upon reinitiation of baclofen, whereas antipsychotic monotherapy was less successful (only four of eight patients responded). An additional baclofen withdrawal period led to recurrence of psychotic symptoms in four of seven patients. Eleven patients had psychosis on induction or after overdose of baclofen; among them, four patients had resolution of psychosis upon cessation of baclofen. The mean quality of the case reports was 6.4 of 13.
CONCLUSION
Considering its GABAergic agonism, along with evidence of psychosis on induction or withdrawal, baclofen may have some antipsychotic and pro-psychotic properties.
Topics: Humans; Baclofen; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Antipsychotic Agents; Psychotic Disorders; Drug Overdose
PubMed: 36991550
DOI: 10.12809/eaap2237 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2023Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and treated psychiatric disorders in childhood. Typically, children and adolescents... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed and treated psychiatric disorders in childhood. Typically, children and adolescents with ADHD find it difficult to pay attention and they are hyperactive and impulsive. Methylphenidate is the psychostimulant most often prescribed, but the evidence on benefits and harms is uncertain. This is an update of our comprehensive systematic review on benefits and harms published in 2015.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the beneficial and harmful effects of methylphenidate for children and adolescents with ADHD.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, three other databases and two trials registers up to March 2022. In addition, we checked reference lists and requested published and unpublished data from manufacturers of methylphenidate.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included all randomised clinical trials (RCTs) comparing methylphenidate versus placebo or no intervention in children and adolescents aged 18 years and younger with a diagnosis of ADHD. The search was not limited by publication year or language, but trial inclusion required that 75% or more of participants had a normal intellectual quotient (IQ > 70). We assessed two primary outcomes, ADHD symptoms and serious adverse events, and three secondary outcomes, adverse events considered non-serious, general behaviour, and quality of life.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently conducted data extraction and risk of bias assessment for each trial. Six review authors including two review authors from the original publication participated in the update in 2022. We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures. Data from parallel-group trials and first-period data from cross-over trials formed the basis of our primary analyses. We undertook separate analyses using end-of-last period data from cross-over trials. We used Trial Sequential Analyses (TSA) to control for type I (5%) and type II (20%) errors, and we assessed and downgraded evidence according to the GRADE approach.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 212 trials (16,302 participants randomised); 55 parallel-group trials (8104 participants randomised), and 156 cross-over trials (8033 participants randomised) as well as one trial with a parallel phase (114 participants randomised) and a cross-over phase (165 participants randomised). The mean age of participants was 9.8 years ranging from 3 to 18 years (two trials from 3 to 21 years). The male-female ratio was 3:1. Most trials were carried out in high-income countries, and 86/212 included trials (41%) were funded or partly funded by the pharmaceutical industry. Methylphenidate treatment duration ranged from 1 to 425 days, with a mean duration of 28.8 days. Trials compared methylphenidate with placebo (200 trials) and with no intervention (12 trials). Only 165/212 trials included usable data on one or more outcomes from 14,271 participants. Of the 212 trials, we assessed 191 at high risk of bias and 21 at low risk of bias. If, however, deblinding of methylphenidate due to typical adverse events is considered, then all 212 trials were at high risk of bias.
PRIMARY OUTCOMES
methylphenidate versus placebo or no intervention may improve teacher-rated ADHD symptoms (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.88 to -0.61; I² = 38%; 21 trials; 1728 participants; very low-certainty evidence). This corresponds to a mean difference (MD) of -10.58 (95% CI -12.58 to -8.72) on the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHD-RS; range 0 to 72 points). The minimal clinically relevant difference is considered to be a change of 6.6 points on the ADHD-RS. Methylphenidate may not affect serious adverse events (risk ratio (RR) 0.80, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.67; I² = 0%; 26 trials, 3673 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The TSA-adjusted intervention effect was RR 0.91 (CI 0.31 to 2.68).
SECONDARY OUTCOMES
methylphenidate may cause more adverse events considered non-serious versus placebo or no intervention (RR 1.23, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.37; I² = 72%; 35 trials 5342 participants; very low-certainty evidence). The TSA-adjusted intervention effect was RR 1.22 (CI 1.08 to 1.43). Methylphenidate may improve teacher-rated general behaviour versus placebo (SMD -0.62, 95% CI -0.91 to -0.33; I² = 68%; 7 trials 792 participants; very low-certainty evidence), but may not affect quality of life (SMD 0.40, 95% CI -0.03 to 0.83; I² = 81%; 4 trials, 608 participants; very low-certainty evidence).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The majority of our conclusions from the 2015 version of this review still apply. Our updated meta-analyses suggest that methylphenidate versus placebo or no-intervention may improve teacher-rated ADHD symptoms and general behaviour in children and adolescents with ADHD. There may be no effects on serious adverse events and quality of life. Methylphenidate may be associated with an increased risk of adverse events considered non-serious, such as sleep problems and decreased appetite. However, the certainty of the evidence for all outcomes is very low and therefore the true magnitude of effects remain unclear. Due to the frequency of non-serious adverse events associated with methylphenidate, the blinding of participants and outcome assessors is particularly challenging. To accommodate this challenge, an active placebo should be sought and utilised. It may be difficult to find such a drug, but identifying a substance that could mimic the easily recognised adverse effects of methylphenidate would avert the unblinding that detrimentally affects current randomised trials. Future systematic reviews should investigate the subgroups of patients with ADHD that may benefit most and least from methylphenidate. This could be done with individual participant data to investigate predictors and modifiers like age, comorbidity, and ADHD subtypes.
Topics: Male; Female; Child; Adolescent; Humans; Methylphenidate; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cross-Over Studies; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36971690
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009885.pub3 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2023This overview was originally published in 2017, and is being updated in 2022. Chronic pain is typically described as pain on most days for at least three months.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This overview was originally published in 2017, and is being updated in 2022. Chronic pain is typically described as pain on most days for at least three months. Chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is any chronic pain that is not due to a malignancy. Chronic non-cancer pain in adults is a common and complex clinical issue, for which opioids are prescribed by some physicians for pain management. There are concerns that the use of high doses of opioids for CNCP lacks evidence of effectiveness, and may increase the risk of adverse events.
OBJECTIVES
To describe the evidence from Cochrane Reviews and overviews regarding the efficacy and safety of high-dose opioids (defined as 200 mg morphine equivalent or more per day) for CNCP.
METHODS
We identified Cochrane Reviews and overviews by searching the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews in The Cochrane Library. The date of the last search was 21 July 2022. Two overview authors independently assessed the search results. We planned to analyse data on any opioid agent used at a high dose for two weeks or more for the treatment of CNCP in adults.
MAIN RESULTS
We did not identify any reviews or overviews that met the inclusion criteria. The excluded reviews largely reflected low doses or titrated doses, where all doses were analysed as a single group; we were unable to extract any data for high-dose use only.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is a critical lack of high-quality evidence, in the form of Cochrane Reviews, about how well high-dose opioids work for the management of CNCP in adults, and regarding the presence and severity of adverse events. No evidence-based argument can be made on the use of high-dose opioids, i.e. 200 mg morphine equivalent or more daily, in clinical practice. Considering that high-dose opioids have been, and are still being used in clinical practice to treat CNCP, knowing about the efficacy and safety of these higher doses is imperative.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Analgesics, Opioid; Chronic Pain; Systematic Reviews as Topic; Morphine; Pain Management
PubMed: 36961252
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012299.pub3 -
PloS One 2023Guidelines for the treatment and management of 'personality disorders' have been introduced to provide guidance on best practice based on evidence and views of key...
BACKGROUND
Guidelines for the treatment and management of 'personality disorders' have been introduced to provide guidance on best practice based on evidence and views of key stakeholders. However, guidance varies and there is yet to be an overall, internationally recognised consensus on the best mental health care for people with 'personality disorders'.
AIMS
We aimed to identify and synthesise recommendations made by different mental health organisations from across the world on community treatment for people with 'personality disorders'.
METHODS
This systematic review consisted of three stages: 1. systematic literature and guideline search, 2. quality appraisal, and 3. data synthesis. We combined a search strategy involving both systematic searching of bibliographic databases and supplementary search methods of grey literature. Key informants were also contacted to further identify relevant guidelines. Codebook thematic analysis was then conducted. The quality of all included guidelines was assessed and considered alongside results.
RESULTS
After synthesising 29 guidelines from 11 countries and 1 international organisation, we identified four main domains, with a total of 27 themes. Important key principles on which there was consensus included continuity of care, equity of access, accessibility of services, availability of specialist care, taking a whole systems approach, trauma informed approaches, and collaborative care planning and decision making.
CONCLUSIONS
Existing international guidelines shared consensus on a set of principles for the community treatment of 'personality disorders'. However, half of the guidelines were of lower methodological quality, with many recommendations not backed by evidence.
Topics: Humans; Consensus; Databases, Bibliographic; Mental Health; Personality Disorders; Personality
PubMed: 36913403
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264239