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Frontiers in Psychology 2024This study analyzes the existing academic literature to identify the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on human resource (HR) activities, highlighting both...
INTRODUCTION
This study analyzes the existing academic literature to identify the effects of artificial intelligence (AI) on human resource (HR) activities, highlighting both opportunities and associated challenges, and on the roles of employees, line managers, and HR professionals, collectively referred to as the HR triad.
METHODS
We employed the scoping review method to capture and synthesize relevant academic literature in the AI-human resource management (HRM) field, examining 27 years of research (43 peer-reviewed articles are included).
RESULTS
Based on the results, we propose an integrative framework that outlines the five primary effects of AI on HR activities: task automation, optimized HR data use, augmentation of human capabilities, work context redesign, and transformation of the social and relational aspects of work. We also detail the opportunities and challenges associated with each of these effects and the changes in the roles of the HR triad.
DISCUSSION
This research contributes to the ongoing debate on AI-augmented HRM by discussing the theoretical contributions and managerial implications of our findings, along with avenues for future research. By considering the most recent studies on the topic, this scoping review sheds light on the effects of AI on the roles of the HR triad, enabling these key stakeholders to better prepare for this technological change. The findings can inform future academic research, organizations using or considering the application of AI in HRM, and policymakers. This is particularly timely, given the growing adoption of AI in HRM activities.
PubMed: 38903456
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1360401 -
Systematic Reviews Jun 2024Depression is a globally prevalent mental condition, particularly among older adults. Previous research has identified that social networks have a buffering effect on...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Depression is a globally prevalent mental condition, particularly among older adults. Previous research has identified that social networks have a buffering effect on depression. Existing systematic reviews have either limited their research to specific geographic areas or provided evidence from over a decade ago. The vast body of recent literature particularly from the last decade emphasizes the need for a comprehensive review. This systematic review aims to analyze the association of structural aspects of social networks and depression in older adults.
METHODS
The electronic databases APA PsycINFO, ProQuest, PSYINDEX, PubMed, Scopus, SocINDEX, and Web of Science were searched from date of data base inception until 11 July 2023. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they reported on community-dwelling older adults (defined as a mean age of at least 60 years old), had an acceptable definition for depression, referred to the term social network in the abstract, and were published in English. Quality was appraised using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Outcome data were extracted independently from each study and analyzed by direction of the relationship, social network domain and cross-sectional or longitudinal study design.
RESULTS
In total, 127 studies were included. The study categorizes structural network aspects into seven domains and finds that larger and more diverse networks, along with closer social ties, help mitigate depression. The literature on the relationships between depression and network density, homogeneity, and geographical proximity is scarce and inconclusive. DISCUSSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Despite inconsistent findings, this review highlights the importance of quantifying complex social relations of older adults. Limitations of this review include publication and language bias as well as the exclusion of qualitative research. Further research should use longitudinal approaches to further investigate the reciprocal relationship between social networks and depression. Following this review, interventions should promote the integration of older adults in larger and more diverse social settings. Other: This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Grant [454899704]. This systematic review was pre-registered. The review-protocol can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/6QDPK .
Topics: Humans; Independent Living; Aged; Depression; Social Networking; Social Support
PubMed: 38902787
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02581-6 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Aug 2024Diet and inflammation may contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Diet and inflammation may contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the association between proinflammatory diet, as estimated by the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), and the likelihood of developing MS or other demyelinating autoimmune diseases. A systematic search was performed of search engines and databases (PubMed, ISI Web of Sciences, Scopus, and Embase) to identify relevant studies before 10th June 2023. The search identified 182 potential studies, from which 39 full-text articles were screened for relevance. Five articles with case-control design (n = 4,322, intervention group: 1714; control group: 2608) met the study inclusion criteria. The exposure variable was DII, with studies using two distinct models: quartile-based comparisons of DII and assessment of continuous DII. The meta-analysis of high versus low quartiles of DII with four effect sizes showed a significant association with MS/demyelinating autoimmune disease likelihood, with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.26 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.16, 9.10). The meta-analysis of four studies with DII fit as a continuous variable showed a 31% increased likelihood of MS per unit increment; which was not statistically significant at the nominal alpha equals 0.05 (OR 1.31; 95% CI 0.95, 1.81). In conclusion, this systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence of a positive association between higher DII scores with the likelihood of developing MS, highlighting that diet-induced inflammation could play a role in MS or other demyelinating autoimmune diseases risk.
Topics: Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Diet; Inflammation; Demyelinating Diseases; Autoimmune Diseases; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38901931
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.022 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Jun 2024The contemporary model for managing heart failure has been extended to a patient-family caregiver dyadic context. However, the key characteristics of the model that can... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The contemporary model for managing heart failure has been extended to a patient-family caregiver dyadic context. However, the key characteristics of the model that can optimise health outcomes for both patients and caregivers remain to be investigated.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to identify the effects of dyadic care interventions on the behavioural, health, and health-service utilisation outcomes of patients with heart failure and their family caregivers and to explore how the intervention design characteristics influence these outcomes.
DESIGN
This study involved systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression techniques.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, using 12 databases to identify randomised controlled trials or quasi-experimental studies published in English or Chinese between database inception and 31 December 2022. The considered interventions included those targeting patients with heart failure and their family caregivers to enhance disease management. Data synthesis was performed on various patient- and caregiver-related outcomes. The identified interventions were categorised according to their design characteristics for subgroup analysis. Meta-regression was performed to explore the relationship between care delivery methods and their effectiveness.
RESULTS
We identified 48 studies representing 9171 patient-caregiver dyads. Meta-analyses suggested the positive effects of dyadic care interventions on patients' health outcomes [Hedges' g (95 % confidence interval {CI}): heart failure knowledge = 1.0 (0.26, 1.75), p = 0.008; self-care confidence = 0.45 (0.08, 0.83), p = 0.02; self-care maintenance = 1.12 (0.55, 1.70), p < 0.001; self-care management = 1.01 (0.54, 1.49), p < 0.001; anxiety = -0.18 (-0.34, -0.02), p = 0.03; health-related quality of life = 0.30 (0.08, 0.51), p < 0.001; hospital admission (risk ratio {95 % CI}: hospital admission = 0.79 (0.65, 0.97), p = 0.007; and mortality = 0.58 (0.36, 0.93), p = 0.02)]. Dyadic care interventions also improved the caregivers' outcomes [Hedges' g (95 % CI): social support = 0.67 (0.01, 1.32), p = 0.05; perceived burden = -1.43 (-2.27, -0.59), p < 0.001]. Although the design of the identified care interventions was heterogeneous, the core care components included enabling and motivational strategies to improve self-care, measures to promote collaborative coping within the care dyads, and nurse-caregiver collaborative practice. Incorporating the first two core components appeared to enhance the behavioural and health outcomes of the patients, and the addition of the last component reduced readmission. Interventions that engaged both patients and caregivers in care provision, offered access to nurses, and optimised continuity of care led to better patient outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that dyadic care interventions can effectively improve disease management in a family context, resulting in better health outcomes for both patients and caregivers. Additionally, this study provides important insights into the more-effective design characteristics of these interventions.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
The review protocol was registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42022322492).
PubMed: 38901123
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2024.104829 -
Critical Reviews in Microbiology Jun 2024The globe has recently seen several terrifying pandemics and outbreaks, underlining the ongoing danger presented by infectious microorganisms. This literature review... (Review)
Review
The globe has recently seen several terrifying pandemics and outbreaks, underlining the ongoing danger presented by infectious microorganisms. This literature review aims to explore the wide range of infections that have the potential to lead to pandemics in the present and the future and pave the way to the conception of epidemic early warning systems. A systematic review was carried out to identify and compile data on infectious agents known to cause pandemics and those that pose future concerns. One hundred and fifteen articles were included in the review. They provided insights on 25 pathogens that could start or contribute to creating pandemic situations. Diagnostic procedures, clinical symptoms, and infection transmission routes were analyzed for each of these pathogens. Each infectious agent's potential is discussed, shedding light on the crucial aspects that render them potential threats to the future. This literature review provides insights for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and researchers in their quest to identify potential pandemic pathogens, and in their efforts to enhance pandemic preparedness through building early warning systems for continuous epidemiological monitoring.
PubMed: 38900695
DOI: 10.1080/1040841X.2024.2360407 -
Critical Reviews in Oncology/hematology Jun 2024Of the 4.4 million people diagnosed with cancer in Europe each year, around 36 % are of working age. Return-to-work rates vary across Europe. Work is important for the... (Review)
Review
Of the 4.4 million people diagnosed with cancer in Europe each year, around 36 % are of working age. Return-to-work rates vary across Europe. Work is important for the individual, as well as for society, and this review aims to provide an overview of the predictors for the return to work (RTW) process in European cancer survivors of working age. A systematic literature search was conducted. The present review included quantitative and qualitative study designs published since 2013. In total, the review included 85 papers examining cancer survivors with various cancer diagnoses in 18 European countries. Identified predictive factors for RTW related to the social system, treatment, disease, health behavior, the individuals' psychosocial, work, and sociodemographic situations. There is a need for a standardized definition and operationalization of RTW. Providers can use these results to identify survivors at risk and support cancer survivors in their RTW process.
PubMed: 38897312
DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104422 -
Campbell Systematic Reviews Jun 2024High-income countries offer social assistance (welfare) programs to help alleviate poverty for people with little or no income. These programs have become increasingly... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
High-income countries offer social assistance (welfare) programs to help alleviate poverty for people with little or no income. These programs have become increasingly conditional and stringent in recent decades based on the premise that transitioning people from government support to paid work will improve their circumstances. However, many people end up with low-paying and precarious jobs that may cause more poverty because they lose benefits such as housing subsidies and health and dental insurance, while incurring job-related expenses. Conditional assistance programs are also expensive to administer and cause stigma. A guaranteed basic income (GBI) has been proposed as a more effective approach for alleviating poverty, and several experiments have been conducted in high-income countries to investigate whether GBI leads to improved outcomes compared to existing social programs.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this review was to conduct a synthesis of quantitative evidence on GBI interventions in high-income countries, to compare the effectiveness of various types of GBI versus "usual care" (including existing social assistance programs) in improving poverty-related outcomes.
SEARCH METHODS
Searches of 16 academic databases were conducted in May 2022, using both keywords and database-specific controlled vocabulary, without limits or restrictions on language or date. Sources of gray literature (conference, governmental, and institutional websites) were searched in September 2022. We also searched reference lists of review articles, citations of included articles, and tables of contents of relevant journals in September 2022. Hand searching for recent publications was conducted until December 2022.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included all quantitative study designs except cross-sectional (at one timepoint), with or without control groups. We included studies in high income countries with any population and with interventions meeting our criteria for GBI: unconditional, with regular payments in cash (not in-kind) that were fixed or predictable in amount. Although two primary outcomes of interest were selected a priori (food insecurity, and poverty level assessed using official, national, or international measures), we did not screen studies on the basis of reported outcomes because it was not possible to define all potentially relevant poverty-related outcomes in advance.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We followed the Campbell Collaboration conduct and reporting guidelines to ensure a rigorous methodology. The risk of bias was assessed across seven domains: confounding, selection, attrition, motivation, implementation, measurement, and analysis/reporting. We conducted meta-analyses where results could be combined; otherwise, we presented the results in tables. We reported effect estimates as standard mean differences (SMDs) if the included studies reported them or provided sufficient data for us to calculate them. To compare the effects of different types of interventions, we developed a GBI typology based on the characteristics of experimental interventions as well as theoretical conceptualizations of GBI. Eligible poverty-related outcomes were classified into categories and sub-categories, to facilitate the synthesis of the individual findings. Because most of the included studies analyzed experiments conducted by other researchers, it was necessary to divide our analysis according to the "experiment" stage (i.e., design, recruitment, intervention, data collection) and the "study" stage (data analysis and reporting of results).
MAIN RESULTS
Our searches yielded 24,476 records from databases and 80 from other sources. After screening by title and abstract, the full texts of 294 potentially eligible articles were retrieved and screened, resulting in 27 included studies on 10 experiments. Eight of the experiments were RCTs, one included both an RCT site and a "saturation" site, and one used a repeated cross-sectional design. The duration ranged from one to 5 years. The control groups in all 10 experiments received "usual care" (i.e., no GBI intervention). The total number of participants was unknown because some of the studies did not report exact sample sizes. Of the studies that did, the smallest had 138 participants and the largest had 8019. The risk of bias assessments found "some concerns" for at least one domain in all 27 studies and "high risk" for at least one domain in 25 studies. The risk of bias was assessed as high in 21 studies due to attrition and in 22 studies due to analysis and reporting bias. To compare the interventions, we developed a classification framework of five GBI types, four of which were implemented in the experiments, and one that is used in new experiments now underway. The included studies reported 176 poverty-related outcomes, including one pre-defined primary outcome: food insecurity. The second primary outcome (poverty level assessed using official, national, or international measures) was not reported in any of the included studies. We classified the reported outcomes into seven categories: food insecurity (as a category), economic/material, physical health, psychological/mental health, social, educational, and individual choice/agency. Food insecurity was reported in two studies, both showing improvements (SMD = -0.57, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.49, and SMD = -0.41, 95% CI: -0.57 to -0.26) which were not pooled because of different study designs. We conducted meta-analyses on four secondary outcomes that were reported in more than one study: subjective financial well-being, self-rated overall physical health, self-rated life satisfaction, and self-rated mental distress. Improvements were reported, except for overall physical health or if the intervention was similar to existing social assistance. The results for the remaining 170 outcomes, each reported in only one study, were summarized in tables by category and subcategory. Adverse effects were reported in some studies, but only for specific subgroups of participants, and not consistently, so these results may have been due to chance.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
The results of the included studies were difficult to synthesize because of the heterogeneity in the reported outcomes. This was due in part to poverty being multidimensional, so outcomes covered various aspects of life (economic, social, psychological, educational, agency, mental and physical health). Evidence from future studies would be easier to assess if outcomes were measured using more common, validated instruments. Based on our analysis of the included studies, a supplemental type of GBI (provided along with existing programs) may be effective in alleviating poverty-related outcomes. This approach may also be safer than a wholesale reform of existing social assistance approaches, which could have unintended consequences.
PubMed: 38887375
DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1414 -
Clinical Child and Family Psychology... Jun 2024Brief, school-based mental health interventions hold promise for reducing barriers to mental health support access, a critical endeavor in light of increasing rates of... (Review)
Review
Brief, school-based mental health interventions hold promise for reducing barriers to mental health support access, a critical endeavor in light of increasing rates of mental health concerns among youth. However, there is no consensus on whether or not brief school-based interventions are effective at reducing mental health concerns or improving well-being. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide consensus and determine directions for future work. Articles were included if they examined a brief (≤ four sessions or 240 min of intervention time) psychosocial intervention, were conducted within a Pre-K through 12th-grade school setting, included at least one treatment outcome evaluating mental health or well-being, and were published since 2000. A total of 6,702 papers were identified through database searching, of which 81 papers (k studies = 75) were ultimately selected for inclusion. A total of 40,498 students were included across studies and a total of 75 unique interventions were examined. A total of 324 effect sizes were extracted. On average, interventions led to statistically significant improvements in mental health/well-being outcomes versus control conditions up to one-month (g = .18, p = .004), six-month (g = .15, p = .006), and one-year (g = .10, p = .03) post-intervention. There may be benefits to brief school-based interventions from a preventative public health standpoint; future research may focus on how to optimize their real-world utility. Prospero pre-registration: CRD42021255079.
PubMed: 38884838
DOI: 10.1007/s10567-024-00487-2 -
World Neurosurgery: X Jul 2024A wide variety of materials are used for lumbar interbody fusion, but there is no unified consensus on the superiority of one material over another. The aim of this... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
A wide variety of materials are used for lumbar interbody fusion, but there is no unified consensus on the superiority of one material over another. The aim of this systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) is to compare and rank the various TLIF interbody materials based on fusion rates.
METHODS
We queried PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus from inception until August 2023, in which 2135 studies were identified. Inclusion criteria were applied based on the PRISMA guidelines. The fusion assessment employed the Bridwell's criteria with a length of follow-up of at least 12 months. The NMA was conducted to compare multiple approaches from multiple studies using the frequentist framework with STATA16.
RESULTS
In total, 13 TLIF studies involving 1919 patients with 1981 lumbar interbody levels fulfilled our eligibility criteria. Seven different cage materials were utilized: polyetheretherketone (PEEK, as the reference), allograft, autograft, PEEK with titanium coating (TiPEEK), titanium, carbon/carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) and 3D-printed titanium. The average patient age was 60.9 ( = 7.5) years old. When compared to PEEK, the other six materials did not have a significantly different rate of lumbar fusion. However, the SUCRA number of the 3D-printed titanium, TiPEEK, Ti, allograft, autograft, CFRP, and PEEK were 0.8, 0.6, 0.5, 0.5, 0.4, 0.4, and 0.3 consecutively.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on a network meta-analysis within the confines of our clinical study, 3D-printed titanium interbody cage may promote the highest success rate of fusion while PEEK may be the material with the least success rate of fusion in TLIF.
PubMed: 38884030
DOI: 10.1016/j.wnsx.2024.100392 -
Clinical Psychology : a Publication of... Jun 2024Substance use disorders commonly onset during adolescence, yet the best available treatments yield only modest and transient effects. Elucidating treatment mediators is...
Substance use disorders commonly onset during adolescence, yet the best available treatments yield only modest and transient effects. Elucidating treatment mediators is essential for improving treatment options. This review summarizes over 20 years of research on mediators of adolescent substance use treatment; = 17 studies assessing both treatment or treatment ingredient to mediator ( path) and mediator to treatment outcome ( path) paths were included. Mediators were categorized using the Science of Behavior Change target class framework. Overall, mediation tests supported four of eight self-regulation, two of 10 stress resilience and reactivity, six of 19 interpersonal and social process, and two of four treatment engagement and adherence mediators. To enhance the capacity of this work to inform clinical practice, we recommend future research examine theoretically informed mechanisms using temporally sequenced data among other methodological guidelines.
PubMed: 38883554
DOI: 10.1037/cps0000089