-
Pituitary Feb 2023In the past few decades, acromegaly and colonic polyps have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Previous studies highlighted the importance of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
In the past few decades, acromegaly and colonic polyps have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. Previous studies highlighted the importance of serum biomarkers of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly.
METHODS
We reviewed studies on serum biomarkers of colonic polyps in patients with acromegaly, published on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, and Chinese databases from January 1, 1966, to May 8, 2022. Meta-analysis and systematic review were conducted using Stata MP 14.0.
RESULTS
Eight articles were included in this study. The mean (standard deviation) concentrations of serum biomarkers for acromegaly with and without colorectal polyps were extracted from these studies. Meta-analysis results showed that, compared to patients without colonic polyps, the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 × upper limit of normal range (IGF-1 × ULN) and fasting insulin were significantly increased; while the levels of growth hormone (GH) were significantly decreased in patients with acromegaly and colonic polyps (IGF-1 × ULN: SMD 0.23; 95% CI 0.03-0.42, p < 0.05) (fasting insulin: SMD 0.95; 9 5% CI 0.11-1.8, p < 0.05) (GH: SMD - 0.25; 95% CI - 0.41 to - 0.08, p < 0.05). IGF-1 and FPG levels did not differ significantly (IGF-1: SMD -0.03; 95% CI - 0.22 to 0.17, p > 0.05) (FPG: SMD 0.14; 95% CI - 0.23 to 0.52, p > 0.05). The systematic review results suggest no significant differences in hemoglobin A1C, TSH, free thyroxine, FT4, T3, PRL, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, fibrinogen, clathrate antigen, serum antigen 19-9, and α-fetoprotein levels, but serum Klotho levels.
CONCLUSION
We present the first meta-analysis and systematic review of serum biomarkers in patients with acromegaly or colonic polyps. The prevalence of colonic lesion polyps, is associated with higher IGF-1 × ULN levels, higher insulin levels in acromegaly. Further research is required to confirm GH and serum soluble Klotho levels as biomarkers of colonic polyps. When IGF-1 × ULN, fasting insulin levels change in patients with acromegaly, the occurrence of colonic polyps should be monitored. Early detection may reduce the possibility of developing malignant colon neoplasms.
Topics: Humans; Acromegaly; Colonic Polyps; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Growth Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Insulin; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36542278
DOI: 10.1007/s11102-022-01287-z -
Endocrine Practice : Official Journal... May 2023Circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of IGF-1 with PCOS through this meta-analysis.
METHODS
Literature search was conducted through PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (up to July 2022). A manual search was performed on the references of related original research. Then, we applied the random-effects model to evaluate the overall effect size by calculating the standard mean difference and its 95% CI. Subgroup analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was performed and publication bias was assessed.
RESULTS
Twenty studies were included in this meta-analysis involving 657 individuals: 362 patients with PCOS and 295 normal controls. The results of meta-analysis showed that serum IGF-1 levels were significantly higher in patients with PCOS than in controls (standard mean difference, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.34-1.45; P = .002). The final pooled data were determined by the random-effects model because a significant high heterogeneity (I = 89%) was found. A subgroup analysis based on body mass index showed that elevated IGF-1 level was associated with normal-weight and overweight patients in the PCOS group, but there was no significant association with obesity. The sensitivity analysis indicated that no individual study significantly affected the overall pooled result and no publishing bias was observed.
CONCLUSION
These data suggest that elevated serum IGF-1 levels may not be a major cause of PCOS pathogenesis. Body mass index may be a major determinant of serum IGF-1.
Topics: Female; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Obesity; Overweight; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 36516939
DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.12.004 -
International Orthodontics Mar 2023To assess the reliability of different salivary biomarkers as skeletal maturity indicators when compared with other methods of skeletal maturity assessment.
OBJECTIVE
To assess the reliability of different salivary biomarkers as skeletal maturity indicators when compared with other methods of skeletal maturity assessment.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted on three electronic databases: PUBMED, Google scholar and Cochrane library for the articles published from 2000 to July 2021. Assessment of skeletal age on the basis of levels of different salivary biomarkers at different pubertal stages was considered as the primary outcome. Electronic search, data collection and risk of bias assessment were performed by two authors with conflict resolution by the third author.
RESULTS
Total 158 articles were retrieved after screening of titles, abstracts and full texts of all articles, of which 15 articles were selected for qualitative synthesis. All these studies were cross-sectional in design. These studies compared the levels of different salivary biomarkers as Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Insulin-like Growth Factor - I (IGF-I), Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-3 (IGFBP-3), Cortisol, Indian Hedgehog (IHH) protein and Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) with other methods of skeletal age estimation. Out of these six biomarkers salivary IGF-1 is a reliable indicator for skeletal maturity assessment.
CONCLUSION
The current evidence suggests that salivary biomarkers can be used as an adjunct for growth prediction during orthodontic treatment planning along with other methods of skeletal maturation assessment. Still there is need for further research with longitudinal studies in this field.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Biomarkers; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
PubMed: 36516657
DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2022.100716 -
BMC Women's Health Dec 2022At present, there are multiple hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the effect of exercise on the postoperative inflammatory factors and the IGF system among... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
At present, there are multiple hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying the effect of exercise on the postoperative inflammatory factors and the IGF system among breast cancer patients, especially. To determine the underlying mechanisms, prevent the recurrence of breast cancer and improve its prognosis, this paper will systematically evaluate the impact of exercise on inflammatory factors and the IGF system in breast cancer survivors.
METHODS
The PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP (Chinese scientific and technical journals) databases were systematically searched until April 2021. The search terms included 'exercise', 'inflammatory factor', 'IGF system' and 'breast cancer'. A total of 1066 relevant articles were retrieved. The articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, such as study population, intervention method and type of experiment, and 11 articles were ultimately included. All statistical results were analysed using STATA 14.0 and Rstudio 4.1.1.
RESULTS
We found that exercise significantly reduced the level of IGF-1 (WMD, -19.947 ng/ml; 95% CI, -22.669 to -17.225; P = 0.000). Subgroup analysis showed that in the studies with an intervention period > 12 weeks, exercise significantly reduced IL-6 levels (WMD, -0.761 pg/ml; 95% CI, -1.369 to -0.153; p = 0.014), while in the studies with an intervention period ≤ 12 weeks, exercise significantly reduced CRP (WMD, -2.381 mg/L; 95% CI, -4.835 to 0.073, P = 0.001) and IL-10 levels (WMD, -7.141 pg/ml, 95% CI, -10.853 to -3.428; P = 0.000). In addition, aerobic exercise plus resistance training significantly reduced IL-6 levels (WMD, -1.474 pg/ml; 95% CI, -1.653 to -1.296; P = 0.000). The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that after excluding the studies with high heterogeneity, exercise significantly reduced the TNF-α levels in patients with breast cancer (WMD, -1.399 pg/ml; 95% CI, -1.718 to -1.080; P = 0.000).
CONCLUSION
Exercise reduces the postoperative levels of IGF-1, IL-6, CRP, IL-10 and TNF-α among patients with breast cancer, which may have a significant impact on inhibiting breast cancer recurrence and improving its prognosis. Future studies should examine the effects of different durations and types of exercise to develop individualized exercise prescriptions for breast cancer patients.
Topics: Humans; Cancer Survivors; Exercise; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Breast Neoplasms; Female; Inflammation
PubMed: 36482346
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02058-5 -
Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &... Dec 2022Physical activity may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer via its effect on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system. A systematic review...
Linking Physical Activity to Breast Cancer Risk via Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System, Part 1: The Effect of Physical Activity on the Insulin/Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling System.
Physical activity may reduce the risk of developing breast cancer via its effect on the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system. A systematic review searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT), Mendelian randomization and prospective cohort studies that examined the effects of physical activity on insulin/IGF signaling [IGFs, their binding proteins (IGFBP), and markers of insulin resistance] in adult women. Meta-analyses were performed to generate effect estimates. Risk of bias was assessed, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system used to determine the overall quality of the evidence. Fifty-eight RCTs met our inclusion criteria, no observational or Mendelian randomization studies met the criteria for inclusion. Meta-analyses indicated that physical activity interventions (vs. control) reduced fasting insulin, the Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance and fasting glucose. Physical activity increased IGF-1, but there was no clear effect on IGFBP-3 or the ratio of IGF-1:IGFBP-3. Strong evidence was only established for fasting insulin and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to examine the effect of physical activity on C-peptide and HBA1c in women. Reductions in fasting insulin and insulin resistance following exercise suggest some biological plausibility of the first part of the physical activity-insulin/IGF signaling-breast cancer pathway. See related article by Drummond et al., p. 2116.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Breast Neoplasms; Exercise; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 36464996
DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-22-0504 -
Pituitary Feb 2023This systematic literature review investigated whether extended dosing intervals (EDIs) of pharmacological acromegaly treatments reduce patient burden and costs compared...
PURPOSE
This systematic literature review investigated whether extended dosing intervals (EDIs) of pharmacological acromegaly treatments reduce patient burden and costs compared with standard dosing, while maintaining effectiveness.
METHODS
MEDLINE/Embase/the Cochrane Library (2001-June 2021) and key congresses (2018-2021) were searched and identified systematic literature review bibliographies reviewed. Included publications reported on efficacy/effectiveness, safety and tolerability, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and patient-reported and economic outcomes in longitudinal/cross-sectional studies in adults with acromegaly. Interventions included EDIs of pegvisomant, cabergoline, and somatostatin receptor ligands (SRLs): lanreotide autogel/depot (LAN), octreotide long-acting release (OCT), pasireotide long-acting release (PAS), and oral octreotide; no comparator was required.
RESULTS
In total, 35 publications reported on 27 studies: 3 pegvisomant monotherapy, 11 pegvisomant combination therapy with SRLs, 9 LAN, and 4 OCT; no studies reported on cabergoline, PAS, or oral octreotide at EDIs. Maintenance of normal insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) was observed in ≥ 70% of patients with LAN (1 study), OCT (1 study), and pegvisomant monotherapy (1 study). Achievement of normal IGF-I was observed in ≥ 70% of patients with LAN (3 studies) and pegvisomant in combination with SRLs (4 studies). Safety profiles were similar across EDI and standard regimens. Patients preferred and were satisfied with EDIs. HRQoL was maintained and cost savings were provided with EDIs versus standard regimens.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical efficacy/effectiveness, safety, and HRQoL outcomes in adults with acromegaly were similar and costs lower with EDIs versus standard regimens. Physicians may consider acromegaly treatment at EDIs, especially for patients with good disease control.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Acromegaly; Octreotide; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Cabergoline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Quality of Life; Peptides, Cyclic; Human Growth Hormone
PubMed: 36447058
DOI: 10.1007/s11102-022-01285-1 -
Nutrients Oct 2022A ketogenic diet characterized by high fat and low carbohydrate can drive the body to produce a large number of ketone bodies, altering human metabolism. Unlike normal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A ketogenic diet characterized by high fat and low carbohydrate can drive the body to produce a large number of ketone bodies, altering human metabolism. Unlike normal cells, tumor cells have difficulty in consuming ketone bodies. Therefore, the application of ketogenic diets in cancer therapy is gaining attention. However, the effect of ketogenic diets on body parameters of cancer patients is not well established. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of ketogenic diets on cancer patients in earlier controlled trials. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for clinical trials that enrolled cancer patients who received ketogenic diets intervention. Ten controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. Data were extracted and checked by three authors independently. Pooled effect sizes revealed a significant effect of ketogenic diets on body weight (SMD −1.83, 95% CI −2.30 to −1.35; p < 0.00001) and fat mass (SMD −1.52, 95% CI −1.92 to −1.07; p < 0.00001). No significant effect on blood glucose, insulin, or lipid profile except triglycerides was found in the analysis. It had no effect on liver and kidney function except that GGT were decreased a little. There were no significant changes in IGF-1 and TNF-α related to tumor growth. Mental health improvement of cancer patients was supported by several trials. Taken together, findings in this study confirmed that the ketogenic diet was a safe approach for cancer patients reducing body weight and fat mass. In addition, cancer treatment-related indicators changed insignificantly. Ketogenic diets may be beneficial to the quality of life of cancer patients. However, intervention duration in most studies is shorter than 6 months, and the effect of a long-term ketogenic diet is still required further validation. More trials with a larger sample size are necessary to give a more conclusive result; PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021277559.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Weight; Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insulins; Ketone Bodies; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36235844
DOI: 10.3390/nu14194192 -
The prevalence of acromegaly is higher than previously reported: Changes over a three-decade period.Clinical Endocrinology Dec 2022To study time-related changes in the prevalence and patient characteristics of acromegaly, as well as to assess the impact of changes in treatment on disease control.
OBJECTIVE
To study time-related changes in the prevalence and patient characteristics of acromegaly, as well as to assess the impact of changes in treatment on disease control.
METHODS
A total of 107 patients with acromegaly were identified by healthcare registries and subsequently validated by patient chart review over a three-decade period (1992-2021). A systematic literature review focusing on the incidence and prevalence of acromegaly was performed identifying 31 studies.
RESULTS
The prevalence of acromegaly significantly increased throughout the study period (R = 0.94, p < .001) and was 122 cases/10 persons in 2021 whereas the annual incidence remained constant at 4.6 cases/10 persons. The age at the first sign of acromegaly and the age at diagnosis significantly increased during the study period, whereas growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor I decreased. Incidentalomas constituted 32% of all cases diagnosed with acromegaly in the last decade. Primary surgery was used in 93% of all cases, and repeated surgery decreased from 24% to 10% during the three decades. The use of first-generation somatostatin analogues (21%-48%) and second-line medical treatment (4%-20%) increased with a concomitant improvement of biochemical disease control (58%-91%).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of acromegaly is higher than previously reported and the clinical presentation has shifted towards a milder phenotype. Modern treatment of acromegaly enables individualized treatment and disease control in the majority of patients.
Topics: Humans; Acromegaly; Prevalence; Adenoma; Somatostatin; Human Growth Hormone; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
PubMed: 36163677
DOI: 10.1111/cen.14828 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disease that has serious cardiovascular and metabolic effects. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a common disease that has serious cardiovascular and metabolic effects. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels are reportedly reduced in patients with OSAHS; however, this is still a matter of debate. Therefore, we investigated the association between serum/plasma IGF-1 levels and OSAHS in this meta-analysis.
METHODS
Wan Fang, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, PubMed, and other databases were searched for materials published in any language before April 2, 2022. Two researchers analyzed the studies for quality according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The acquired data were analyzed using Stata 11.0 and R 3.6.1 software. The effect size was estimated and calculated using standard mean differences and correlation coefficients. Moreover, a combined analysis was conducted using either a random- or fixed-effects model.
RESULTS
Ultimately, 34 studies met our inclusion criteria. Our findings revealed that the plasma/serum IGF-1 concentrations in patients with OSAHS was significantly reduced compared with those in healthy subjects. Subgroup analyses were performed according to OSAHS severity, ethnicity, age, body mass index, specimen testing method, and study design. The outcomes suggested that nearly all subgroups of patients with OSAHS had reduced serum IGF-1 levels. Disease severity and differences in ethnicity were identified as possible influencing factors of serum IGF-1 levels in patients with OSAHS in the meta-regression analysis, and no other factors were found to alter plasma/serum IGF-1 concentrations. Moreover, plasma/serum IGF-1 concentrations were negatively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index scores and positively associated with minimum oxygen saturation.
CONCLUSION
Serum/plasma IGF-1 concentrations in patients with OSAHS were greatly reduced compared with those of patients in the control group, and were negatively correlated with apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index scores and positively correlated with minimum oxygen saturation.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/, identifier CRD42022322738.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Oxygen; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
PubMed: 36120463
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.922229 -
Nutrition and Cancer 2023In this systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical controlled trials (CCTs) we aimed to investigate the efficacy of KDs as an adjuvant therapy on cardiometabolic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
In this systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical controlled trials (CCTs) we aimed to investigate the efficacy of KDs as an adjuvant therapy on cardiometabolic outcomes in patient with cancer compared to conventional non-ketogenic diets. Only CCTs involving cancer patients that were assigned to either a KD or a standard diet control group were selected. Two reviewers independently extracted the data, and a meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model to estimate weighted mean differences (WMDs) and confidence intervals (CIs) in body composition, metabolite, lipid profile, liver and kidney function parameters and quality of life. This meta-analysis showed a significant reduction in body weight (WMD= -2.99 kg; 95% CI: -4.67, -1.31; and < 0.001), BMI (WMD= -1.08 kg/m; 95% CI: -1.81, -0.34; ≤ 0.002) and fat mass (WMD= -1.48 kg; 95% CI: -2.56, -0.40; and = 0.007) by a KD. KDs significantly decreased glucose (WMD= -5.22 mg/dl; 95% CI: -9.0, -1.44; and = 0.007), IGF-1 (WMD= -17.52 ng/ml; 95% CI: -20.24, -14.8; and P ˂0.001) and triglyceride (WMD= -24.46 mg/dl; 95% CI: -43.96, -4.95; and = 0.014) levels. Furthermore, KDs induced ketosis by increasing β-hydroxybutyrate (WMD= 0.56 mmol/l; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.75; and < 0.001). There were non-significant pooled effects of KDs on improving insulin, C-reactive protein and cholesterol levels and kidney and liver function. Emotional functioning was even increased significantly in the KD compared to the SD groups. In summary we found that KDs result in a greater reduction in glucose, IGF-1, triglycerides, body weight, BMI, and fat mass in cancer patients compared to traditional non-ketogenic diets and improved emotional functioning. The quality of evidence in the meta-analysis was moderate according to the Nutrigrade assessment.
Topics: Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Quality of Life; Diet, Ketogenic; Body Weight; Neoplasms; Glucose
PubMed: 36110060
DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2117388