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International Journal of Obesity (2005) May 2022According to studies, there are many inconsistencies in how IGF-1 levels change after bariatric surgery compared to before surgery, as well as its effects. These... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
According to studies, there are many inconsistencies in how IGF-1 levels change after bariatric surgery compared to before surgery, as well as its effects. These discrepancies can be attributed to various factors such as age, body mass index (BMI), and duration of intervention. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the level of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) after bariatric surgery. A systematic review and meta-analysis based on the PRISMA guidelines was conducted from inception until 2021. From 1871 articles initially selected, 24 studies with 28 treatment arms met the eligible criteria and were included. Pooled findings from the random-effects model indicated that IGF-1 levels increased significantly [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 8.84 ng/ml; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-17.39; p = 0.043] after bariatric surgery compared to before surgery. No significant heterogeneity was noted among the studies (Cochran Q test, p = 0.90, I = 0.0%). In subgroup analysis, bariatric surgery significantly increased IGF-1 levels at age <40 years but not at age ≤40 years. Bariatric surgery is capable of increasing the IGF-1 levels compared to the period prior to surgery but with a modest clinical magnitude.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Body Mass Index; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I
PubMed: 35034953
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-021-01051-6 -
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Jul 2022Accumulated evidence has proved that both neuroinflammation and neuroprotection existing at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may mediate its progression,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The impact of physical activity on blood inflammatory cytokines and neuroprotective factors in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials.
BACKGROUND
Accumulated evidence has proved that both neuroinflammation and neuroprotection existing at the stage of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may mediate its progression, which can conversely be modulated by physical activity (PA). However, further research is needed to clarify which factors are involved in that process.
OBJECTIVES
To identify the impact of PA on inflammatory cytokines and neuroprotective factors in individuals with MCI.
METHODS
Four databases [PubMed, Cochrane Library, Cochrane Library (Trials), Embase and Web of Science Core Collection] were searched from their inception to October 2021 for randomized-controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the biochemical effect of PA on biomarkers in participants with MCI. Pooled effect size was calculated by the standardized mean difference (SMD).
RESULTS
A total of 13 RCTs involving 514 participants by reporting 8 inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, -6, -8, -10, -15, C-reactive protein (CRP) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and 5 neuroprotective factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), irisin] were included. The meta-analysis showed that PA had positive effects on decreasing TNF-α (SMD = - 0.32, 95% CI - 0.58 to 0.07, p = 0.01; I = 32%) and CRP (SMD = - 0.68, 95% CI - 1.05 to 0.32, p = 0.0002; I = 18%), while significantly improving BDNF (SMD = 0.32, 95% CI 0.09-0.56, p = 0.007; I = 42%) and IGF-1 (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI 0.03-0.81, p = 0.03; I = 0%).
CONCLUSION
PA had a certain effect on inhibiting inflammatory cytokines but promoting neuroprotective factors in individuals with MCI which may provide a possible explanation for the potential molecular mechanism of PA on cognitive improvement.
Topics: Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; C-Reactive Protein; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cytokines; Exercise; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 35025094
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-021-02069-6 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Jun 2022Ageing is accompanied by decreases in physical capacity and physiological regulatory mechanisms including altered hormonal regulation compared with age-matched sedentary...
BACKGROUND
Ageing is accompanied by decreases in physical capacity and physiological regulatory mechanisms including altered hormonal regulation compared with age-matched sedentary people. The potential benefits of exercise in restoring such altered hormone production and secretion compared to age-matched physically inactive individuals who are ageing remains unclear.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the findings of exercise training in modulating levels of ostensibly anabolic and catabolic hormones in adults aged > 40 years.
METHODS
We searched the following electronic databases (to July 2021) without a period limit: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Additionally, a manual search for published studies in Google Scholar was conducted for analysis of the 'grey literature' (information produced outside of traditional commercial or academic publishing and distribution channels). The initial search used the terms 'ageing' OR 'advanced age' OR 'old people' OR 'older' OR elderly' AND 'anabolic hormones' OR 'catabolic hormones' OR 'steroid hormones' OR 'sex hormones' OR 'testosterone' OR 'cortisol' OR 'insulin' OR 'insulin-like growth factor-1' OR 'IGF-1' OR 'sex hormone-binding globulin' OR 'SHBG' OR 'growth hormone' OR 'hGH' OR 'dehydroepiandrosterone' OR 'DHEA' OR 'dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S)' AND 'exercise training' OR 'endurance training' OR 'resistance training' OR ' strength training' OR 'weight-lifting' OR 'high-intensity interval training' OR 'high-intensity interval exercise' OR 'high-intensity intermittent training' OR 'high-intensity intermittent exercise' OR 'interval aerobic training' OR 'interval aerobic exercise' OR 'intermittent aerobic training' OR 'intermittent aerobic exercise' OR 'high-intensity training' OR 'high-intensity exercise' OR 'sprint interval training' OR 'sprint interval exercise' OR 'combined exercise training' OR 'anaerobic training'. Only eligible full texts in English or French were considered for analysis.
RESULTS
Our search identified 484 records, which led to 33 studies for inclusion in the analysis. Different exercise training programs were used with nine studies using endurance training programs, ten studies examining the effects of high-intensity interval training, and 14 studies investigating the effects of resistance training. Most training programs lasted ≥ 2 weeks. Studies, regardless of the design, duration or intensity of exercise training, reported increases in testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), human growth hormone (hGH) or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (effect size: 0.19 < d < 3.37, small to very large) in both older males and females. However, there was no consensus on the effects of exercise on changes in cortisol and insulin in older adults.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, findings from this systematic review suggest that exercise training increases basal levels of testosterone, IGF-1, SHBG, hGH and DHEA in both male and females over 40 years of age. The increases in blood levels of these hormones were independent of the mode, duration and intensity of the training programs. However, the effects of long-term exercise training on cortisol and insulin levels in elderly people are less clear.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Exercise; Female; Hormones; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insulins; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin; Testosterone
PubMed: 34936049
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01612-9 -
The World Journal of Biological... Oct 2022Growth factors are signalling molecules that play roles in the survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of cells. Studies have found alterations in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Growth factors are signalling molecules that play roles in the survival, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of cells. Studies have found alterations in specific growth factors in anorexia nervosa (AN).
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis examined articles from three databases, measuring growth factors in AN cross-sectionally and longitudinally, and in recovered AN (rec-AN) cross-sectionally. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin growth factor-I (IGF-1) for cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.
RESULTS
A total of 82 studies were included: 56 cross-sectional (BDNF: = 15; IGF-1: = 41) and 24 longitudinal (BDNF: = 5; IGF-1: = 19) were meta-analysed and 20 studies were narratively synthesised. In cross-sectional analyses, BDNF and IGF-1 were lower in AN compared to controls, and BDNF was marginally greater in rec-AN compared to controls. In longitudinal meta-analyses, BDNF and IGF-1 increased from baseline to follow-up. Cross-sectional subgroup analyses revealed no differences in BDNF between controls and AN binge-eating/purging subtypes.
CONCLUSIONS
It is likely that the low BDNF and IGF-1 levels found in AN are consequences of starvation, which are reversible with weight restoration. The increase in BDNF and IGF-1 during therapeutic weight restoration might improve neuroplasticity, which is the basis of learning, and thus psychotherapeutic success.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Cross-Sectional Studies; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Longitudinal Studies
PubMed: 34875968
DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2021.2015432 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Sep 2021
Review
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Female; Gene Expression; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Risk Factors
PubMed: 34816937
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20210220 -
F1000Research 2021As of now, no study has combined research from different sciences to determine the most suitable diet for humans. This issue is urgent due to the predicted population... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
As of now, no study has combined research from different sciences to determine the most suitable diet for humans. This issue is urgent due to the predicted population growth, the effect of this on the environment, and the deterioration of human health and associated costs.
METHODS
A literature review determined whether an optimal diet for humans exists and what such a diet is, followed by six meta-analyses. The standard criteria for conducting meta-analyses of observational studies were followed. A review of literature reporting Hazard Ratios with a 95% confidence interval for red meat intake, dairy intake, plant-based diet, fiber intake, and serum IGF-1 levels were extracted to calculate effect sizes.
RESULTS
Results calculated using NCSS software show that high meat consumption increases mortality probability by 18% on average and increases diabetes risk by 50%. Plant-based and high-fiber diets decrease mortality by 15% and 20% respectively ( < .001). Plant-based diets decreased diabetes risk by 27%, and dairy consumption (measured by increased IGF-1 levels) increased cancer probability by 48% ( < 0.01). A vegetarian or Mediterranean diet was not found to decrease the probability of heart disease. A vegetarian diet can be healthy or not, depending on the foods consumed. A Mediterranean diet with high quantities of meat and dairy products will not produce the health effects desired. The main limitations of the study were that observational studies were heterogeneous and limited by potential confounders.
DISCUSSION
The literature and meta-analyses point to an optimal diet for humans that has followed our species from the beginnings of humankind. The optimal diet is a whole food, high fiber, low-fat, 90+% plant-based diet. This diet allowed humans to become the most developed species on Earth. To ensure people's nutritional needs are met healthily and sustainably, governmental dietary interventions are necessary.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet, Mediterranean; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Meat; Policy
PubMed: 37928317
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.73470.1 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021Xanthomatous hypophysitis (XHP) is an extremely rare form of primary hypophysitis for which there is a lack of clinical experience. A comprehensive understanding of its...
PURPOSE
Xanthomatous hypophysitis (XHP) is an extremely rare form of primary hypophysitis for which there is a lack of clinical experience. A comprehensive understanding of its clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment is needed.
METHODS
Here, we report a case study and conduct a systematic review of XHP. Thirty-six cases were included, and their clinical manifestations, endocrine assessment, imaging features, treatment and follow-up data were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
The mean age at diagnosis was 39.1 years, and females were predominant (75.0%). The most common symptom was headache (68.6%), and 66.7% of female patients presented menstrual disorders. The most common pituitary dysfunction was growth hormone (GH) deficiency. More than half of patients exhibited central diabetes insipidus (CDI). The majority of patients had an imaging presentation of a cystic lesion with peripheral enhancement. Pituitary stalk thickening was observed in half of the patients. Total lesion resection was achieved in 57.1% of cases. The recurrence rate after partial resection and biopsy was significantly higher than that after total lesion resection (57.1% 0.0%, P = 0.0147). The most common pituitary hormone abnormalities to resolve after surgery were hyperprolactinemia (100.0%) and GH deficiency (91.7%). The typical pathological feature was inflammatory infiltration of foamy histiocytes, which showed positivity for CD68.
CONCLUSION
Diagnosis of XHP is difficult when relying on clinical symptoms and imaging features. Therefore, surgical histopathology is necessary. Based on the available evidence, total lesion resection is recommended for treatment. However, the long-term prognosis for this rare disease remains unclear.
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Aged; Child; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Hypophysitis; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Middle Aged; Pituitary Gland; Thyrotropin; Xanthomatosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 34659121
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.735655 -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2021Biomarkers for delirium could increase diagnostic accuracy and may help to identify pathological pathways. Until now study findings concerning cytokine levels have been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Consistent patterns in the inconsistent associations of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels with delirium in surgical populations. A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Biomarkers for delirium could increase diagnostic accuracy and may help to identify pathological pathways. Until now study findings concerning cytokine levels have been inconsistent.
AIMS
Systematic review and meta-analysis investigating the association between peripheral levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 (IGF-1), C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and delirium in surgical patients, and to explore if there are distinct/specific patterns that may potentially explain inconsistent results.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were: prospective studies, surgical populations excluding preoperative delirium, available data. The following were collected: type of operation (orthopaedic, abdominal, etc), the timing of operation (acute, elective, both), demographics, number of participants with delirium, time of preoperative blood withdrawal, and preoperative levels of each biomarker.
RESULTS
Low levels of IGF-1 (n = 7 studies) are significantly associated with post-operative delirium in abdominal surgical samples. High levels of C-RP (n = 9) are associated with delirium in acute orthopaedic and elective abdominal operations. IL-6 (n = 14) is a significant predictor of post-operative delirium in a variety of surgical conditions (elective or acute).
DISCUSSION
A common pattern exists in the otherwise conflicting reported findings. This similarity may reflect different underling mechanisms and predisposing factors like cachexia and catabolic stages. It seems that delirium in abdominal surgery is triggered by IGF-1 disturbances, while in other surgeries by an inflammatory reaction.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the contradictory results concerning the association of IGF-1, C-RP and IL-6 with postoperative delirium, the present meta-analysis shows that there are certain patterns. IL-6 seems a consistent predictor for delirium in surgical samples.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Delirium; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Interleukin-6; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34536657
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104518 -
International Journal of Clinical... Nov 2021Many studies have investigated the association between serum IGF-1 and IGFBP levels with gastric cancer (GC), but the results remained inconclusive. In this work, we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
Many studies have investigated the association between serum IGF-1 and IGFBP levels with gastric cancer (GC), but the results remained inconclusive. In this work, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the precise association of serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP with GC.
METHODS
A comprehensive systematic search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases for (nested) case-control studies that reported the levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP in GC cases and healthy controls, from inception until October 2020. Weighted mean difference (WMD) was calculated for estimating combined effect size. Subgroup analysis was performed to identify the source of heterogeneity among studies.
RESULTS
We found eight and five eligible studies (with 1541 participants) which provided data for IGF-1 and IGFBP, respectively. All studies on IGFBP reported the IGFBP-3 isoform. The pooled results indicate that GC patients had significantly lower serum IGF-1 [WMD = -26.21 ng/mL (95% CI, -45.58 to -6.85; P = .008)] and IGFBP-3 [WMD = -0.41 ng/mL (95% CI, -0.80 to -0.01; P = .04; I = 89.9%; P < .001)] levels than those in healthy subjects. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the association, which could be attributed to the sample size of the studies.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, our study reveals a significantly lower level of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in GC patients compared with healthy control subjects.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Stomach Neoplasms
PubMed: 34469629
DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14764 -
Growth Hormone & IGF Research :... 2021To ascertain the clinical magnitude of raloxifene administration on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effects of raloxifene administration on serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 levels: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
OBJECTIVE
To ascertain the clinical magnitude of raloxifene administration on insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) levels.
METHODS
A systematic comprehensive search was performed without language limitation up to 14 December 2020. We included only trials that assessed the effect of raloxifene on IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in adults. Meta-analysis was performed using the Stata software (Stata Corp. College Station, Texas, USA).
RESULTS
Seven arms were included, encompassing postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus, postmenopausal women with breast cancer, healthy postmenopausal women, and healthy elderly men. Raloxifene therapy significantly reduced IGF-1 levels (WMD: -2.92 nmol/L, 95% CI: -3.49, -2.35, p < 0.001) compared to placebo. Raloxifene dosage ˃60 mg/day (WMD: -3.29 ng/mL, 95% CI: -3.50 to -3.08, I = 0.0%) decreased IGF-1 levels more than 60 mg/day (WMD: -2.29 ng/mL, 95% CI: -2.90 to -1.69, I = 16%). Moreover, intervention duration ˃26 weeks (WMD: -3.48 ng/mL, 95% CI: -5.26 to -1.69, I = 0.0%) reduced IGF-1 levels more than ˂26 weeks (WMD: -2.55 ng/mL, 95% CI: -3.31 to -1.79, I = 92%). In contrast, overall results from the random-effects model did not suggest a significant change in IGFBP-3 levels upon raloxifene therapy.
CONCLUSION
Raloxifene therapy significantly reduced serum levels of IGF-1 levels but without changes in IGFPB-3 levels.
Topics: Biomarkers; Breast Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Postmenopause; Prognosis; Raloxifene Hydrochloride; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
PubMed: 34384975
DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2021.101421