-
Asian Journal of Surgery Nov 2023Mass closure with a continuous suture using large bite stitching technique has been widely accepted for midline laparotomy wound closures. However, emerging evidence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Mass closure with a continuous suture using large bite stitching technique has been widely accepted for midline laparotomy wound closures. However, emerging evidence suggests the use of small bite technique to reduce rates of incisional ventral hernia, surgical site infection (SSI) and burst abdomen. This meta-analysis aims to compare small versus large bite stitching techniques to assess complication rates in midline laparotomy wound closures. A comprehensive multi-database search (OVID EBM Reviews, OVID Medline, EMBASE, Scopus) was conducted from database inception to 11th October 2021 according to PRISMA guidelines. We included studies comparing post-operative complication rates of small bite versus large bite stitching techniques for midline laparotomy wound closure. Extracted data was pooled for meta-analysis evaluating rates of incisional ventral hernia, SSI and burst abdomen. We included five randomized controlled trials (RCT) in the meta-analysis and three prospective cohort studies for qualitative analysis. A total of 1977 participants composed of 961 small bite and 1016 large bite technique patients were included from the five RCTs. There was a significant reduction in the rates of incisional ventral hernia and SSI with the small bite stitch technique with odds ratios (OR) of 0.39 (95% CI [0.21-0.71]) and 0.68 (95% CI [0.51-0.91]) respectively, and a trend in favour of reduced incidence of burst abdomen with OR of 0.60 (95% CI [0.15-2.48]). Small bite stitch technique in midline laparotomy wound closure may be superior over conventional mass closure using the large bite stitch technique, with statistically significant lower rates of incisional ventral hernia and SSI.
Topics: Humans; Laparotomy; Suture Techniques; Abdominal Wound Closure Techniques; Incisional Hernia; Hernia, Ventral; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 37652773
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.08.124 -
Hernia : the Journal of Hernias and... Apr 2024There is considerable variability among surgeons regarding the type of mesh used in ventral hernia repair. There has been an increasing incidence of mesh fractures with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
There is considerable variability among surgeons regarding the type of mesh used in ventral hernia repair. There has been an increasing incidence of mesh fractures with lightweight (LW) and mediumweight (MW) meshes. However, HW mesh has been associated with a greater foreign body sensation and chronic pain. This meta-analysis aims to compare the outcomes of HW and non-heavyweight (NHW) meshes in ventral hernia repair.
METHODS
We systematically reviewed the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Scopus databases to identify studies comparing HW with NHW meshes in hernia repair. Outcomes analyzed included hernia recurrence, seroma, hematoma, foreign body sensation, postoperative pain, and wound infection. We performed two subgroup analyses focusing on randomized controlled trials and open retromuscular repairs. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.
RESULTS
We screened 1704 studies. Nine studies were finally included in this meta-analysis and comprised 3001 patients from 4 RCTs and 5 non-randomized. The majority of patients (57.1%) underwent open retromuscular repair. HW mesh was significantly associated with increased in foreign body sensation (OR 3.71; 95% CI 1.40-9.84; p = 0.008), but there was no difference in other outcomes. In RCTs analysis, there was no difference between meshes. In open retromuscular repairs, HW mesh was associated with more seromas (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.01-2.17; p = 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our study found that HW mesh was associated with more foreign body sensation. Also, open retromuscular repairs analysis showed that HW was associated with more seromas. Further randomized studies are needed to understand better the role of HW mesh in ventral hernia repair.
Topics: Humans; Foreign Bodies; Hernia, Inguinal; Hernia, Ventral; Herniorrhaphy; Seroma; Surgical Mesh
PubMed: 37646880
DOI: 10.1007/s10029-023-02865-1 -
Behavioural Brain Research Oct 2023Social rewards (e.g., social feedback, praise, and social interactions) are fundamental to social learning and relationships across the life span. Exposure to social... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Social rewards (e.g., social feedback, praise, and social interactions) are fundamental to social learning and relationships across the life span. Exposure to social rewards is linked to activation in key brain regions, that are impaired in major depression. This is the first summary of neuroimaging literature on social reward processing in depressed and healthy individuals.
METHOD
We screened 409 studies and identified 25 investigating task-based fMRI activation during exposure to social stimuli in depressed and healthy populations across the lifespan. We conducted a systematic review followed by an Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) analysis of three main contrasts: a) positive social feedback vs. neutral stimuli; b) negative social feedback vs. neutral stimuli; c) positive vs. negative social feedback. We also compared activation patterns in depressed versus healthy controls.
RESULTS
Systematic review revealed that social rewards elicit increased activation in subcortical reward regions (NAcc, amygdala, ventral striatum, thalamus) in healthy and depressed individuals; and decreased activation in prefrontal reward regions (medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex) among depressed persons. Our meta-analysis showed, in both depressed and healthy individuals, increased cluster activation of the putamen and caudate in response to negative social stimuli vs. positive stimuli. We also found increased cluster activation in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the medial frontal gyrus (MFG) in healthy controls vs. depressed individuals, in response to negative social stimuli.
CONCLUSIONS
Processing of social stimuli elicits activation of key brain regions involved in affective and social information processing. Interventions for depression can increase social reward responsivity to improve outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Longevity; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroimaging; Depressive Disorder, Major; Reward
PubMed: 37598904
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114632 -
Biological Psychology Oct 2023Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by alterations in emotional and cognitive processing. The current neurobiological model of PTSD posits that... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by alterations in emotional and cognitive processing. The current neurobiological model of PTSD posits that amygdala and prefrontal cortex functioning impairment underpins symptoms, such as altered emotional and cognitive processing. Additionally, these structures are key components of emotional and attention regulation.
AIM
This review sought to evaluate studies comparing PTSD group to non-PTSD controls performance in affective attention tasks during neuroimaging.
RESULTS
PTSD group behavioral performance when responding to affective stimuli differed from controls only in stroop-based tasks. However, neuroimaging techniques were able to identify brain activation differences even when behavioral differences were not present. Amygdala hyperactivation in PTSD patients was confirmed in most cases, but cortical networks results were not as consistent. More than a general reduction in activity, PTSD group data points out to impaired recruitment of ventral cortical structures and increased reliance on dorsal cortical structures during task performance.
CONCLUSION
Stroop-based tasks seem to be better at identifying differences in behavioral performance of PTSD individuals. PTSD individuals seems to present an altered brain activation pattern in affective attention tasks when compared to controls, where PTSD individuals seem to present enhanced amygdala activation and rely more on dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and posterior insula activation during tasks. The PROSPERO ID for this study is CRD42022355471.
PubMed: 37597766
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108660 -
The Journal of Surgical Research Nov 2023Synthetic mesh is widely utilized for clean ventral hernia repair; however, it is unclear if synthetic mesh provides the same benefits with high-risk patients or during... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Synthetic mesh is widely utilized for clean ventral hernia repair; however, it is unclear if synthetic mesh provides the same benefits with high-risk patients or during contaminated cases. Many surgeons use biologic mesh in these settings, but there is little evidence to support this practice. Our objective was to compare the clinical outcomes of utilizing biologic mesh versus synthetic mesh during ventral hernia repair.
METHODS
Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines, a review of the literature was conducted using Cochrane library, EMBASE, Clinicaltrials.gov, and PubMed for randomized controlled trials published that compared biologic versus synthetic mesh during ventral hernia repair. The primary outcome was major complications defined as deep or organ space surgical site infection, reoperations, and hernia recurrences.
RESULTS
Of 1889 manuscripts screened, four publications were included. The four studies included a total of 758 patients, with 381 receiving biologic mesh and 377 receiving synthetic mesh. Compared to biologic mesh, synthetic mesh had lower rates of major complications (38.6% versus 23.4, risk ratio = 0.55, 95% confidence interval = 0.35 to 0.86, P = 0.009) and hernia recurrence (24.5 % versus 10.3%, risk ratio = 0.44, 95% confidence interval = 0.28 to 0.69, P = 0.004). In addition, there was a lower percentage of surgical site infection and reoperation in the synthetic mesh group.
CONCLUSIONS
Contrary to current surgical teaching, placement of permanent synthetic mesh into a contaminated field yielded rates of complications that were comparable or reduced compared to biologic mesh.
Topics: Humans; Surgical Wound Infection; Surgical Mesh; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Hernia, Ventral; Herniorrhaphy; Biological Products; Recurrence; Treatment Outcome; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 37542774
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2023.07.003 -
Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy &... Oct 2023Parastomal hernia repairs (PHRs) are often complex and challenging, even for experienced abdominal wall surgeons. Although the ideal therapeutic option in the setting of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Parastomal hernia repairs (PHRs) are often complex and challenging, even for experienced abdominal wall surgeons. Although the ideal therapeutic option in the setting of a parastomal hernia is to restore intestinal continuity, this is often not feasible, and numerous techniques have been described for PHR. Current guidelines recommend using mesh for elective PHR, but there is a scarcity of evidence comparing different PHR techniques. We aimed to report a meta-analysis comparing the outcomes of the "Sugarbaker" and "Keyhole" mesh configuration in PHR.
METHODS
A literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases was performed to identify studies comparing Sugarbaker and Keyhole mesh configuration in PHR. Postoperative outcomes were assessed by means of pooled analysis and meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4. Heterogeneity was assessed with I2 statistics.
RESULTS
A total of 3247 studies were screened, and 27 were fully reviewed. Ten studies and 632 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Three hundred five patients (48.3%) with Keyhole and 327 patients (51.7%) with Sugarbaker mesh configuration. Four hundred thirty-three patients (68.5%) underwent laparoscopic PHR with intraperitoneal onlay mesh. Sugarbaker mesh configuration was associated with lower hernia recurrence compared with Keyhole (odds ratio: 0.39; 95% CI: 0.19-0.83; P = 0.01; I2 = 46%). No differences were seen in overall complications, reoperations, stoma outlet obstruction, mesh infection, and postoperative bleeding.
CONCLUSION
PHR with Sugarbaker mesh configuration is associated with decreased hernia recurrence compared with Keyhole and had similar rates of overall complications, reoperations, stoma outlet obstruction, mesh infection, and postoperative bleeding.
Topics: Humans; Surgical Mesh; Herniorrhaphy; Laparoscopy; Postoperative Complications; Incisional Hernia; Hernia, Ventral; Surgical Stomas; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37523583
DOI: 10.1097/SLE.0000000000001203 -
Surgery For Obesity and Related... Nov 2023This systematic review evaluates the safety and efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on weight loss and anti-reflux outcomes when used as a revisional bariatric... (Review)
Review
This systematic review evaluates the safety and efficacy of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on weight loss and anti-reflux outcomes when used as a revisional bariatric surgical procedure after failed anti-reflux surgery. A systematic literature search next to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines was performed for articles published by 30 Mar 2022. After examining 416 papers, 23 studies were included (n = 874 patients). Primary anti-reflux surgery included mainly Nissen fundoplication (16 studies). Reasons for revisional surgery included predominantly gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (reported by 18 studies), obesity (reported by 6 studies), and hiatal hernia (reported by 6 studies). Interval to surgical revision was 5.58 ± 2.46 years (range, 1.5-9.4 yr). Upper endoscopy at revision was performed for all patients; esophageal manometry and pH monitoring were reported in 6 and 4 studies, respectively. Mean body mass index (BMI) at revision was 37.56 ± 5.02 kg/m (range, 31.4-44 kg/m). Mean excess weight loss was 69.74% reported by 12 studies. Delta BMI reported by 7 studies was 10.41 kg/m. The rate of perioperative complications was 16.7%, including mostly stenosis, leakage, ventral hernia, and small bowel obstruction. Mean improvement rate of GERD was 92.62% with a mean follow-up of 25.64 ± 16.59 months reported in 20 studies. RYGB seems to be an efficient surgical treatment option in failed anti-reflux procedures, but should be performed in experienced centers for selected patients, since the rate of perioperative and long-term complications must be minimized. Cooperation between bariatric and reflux surgeons is essential to offer patients with obesity and GERD the best long-term outcome.
PubMed: 37507338
DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2023.05.028 -
Scientific Reports Jul 2023The neurobiological effects of mind-body exercise on brain activation, functional neural connections and structural changes in the brain remain elusive. This systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The neurobiological effects of mind-body exercise on brain activation, functional neural connections and structural changes in the brain remain elusive. This systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis investigated the changes in resting-state and task-based brain activation, as well as structural brain changes before and after mind-body exercise compared to waitlist or active controls based on published structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging randomized controlled trials or cross-sectional studies. Electronic database search and manual search in relevant publications yielded 34 empirical studies with low-to-moderate risk of bias (assessed by Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials or Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 26 studies included in the narrative synthesis and 8 studies included in the meta-analysis. Coordinate-based meta-analysis showed that, while mind-body exercise enhanced the activation of the left anterior cingulate cortex within the default mode network (DMN), it induced more deactivation in the left supramarginal gyrus within the ventral attention network (uncorrected ps < 0.05). Meta-regression with duration of mind-body practice as a factor showed that, the activation of right inferior parietal gyrus within the DMN showed a positive association with increasing years of practice (voxel-corrected p < 0.005). Although mind-body exercise is shown to selectively modulate brain functional networks supporting attentional control and self-awareness, the overall certainty of evidence is limited by small number of studies. Further investigations are needed to understand the effects of both short-term and long-term mind-body exercise on structural changes in the brain.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021248984.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Neuroimaging; Brain; Exercise Therapy; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37415072
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37309-4 -
American Journal of Surgery Sep 2023Given the variability in abdominal physiology and hernia presentation between sexes, better comprehension of sex-related differences in outcomes would tailor surgical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Given the variability in abdominal physiology and hernia presentation between sexes, better comprehension of sex-related differences in outcomes would tailor surgical approach and counseling regarding postoperative outcomes. This meta-analysis aims to appraise the effect of sex on the outcomes of ventral hernia repair.
METHODS
A literature search in PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane selected studies comparing outcomes of ventral hernia repair between sexes. Postoperative outcomes were assessed by pooled and meta-analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4.
RESULTS
We screened 3128 studies, reviewed 133, and included 18 observational studies, which encompassed 220,799 patients following ventral hernia repair. Postoperative chronic pain was significantly higher in female (OR 1,9; 95% CI 1,64-2,2; p < 0,001). There were no significant differences in complications, readmission, or recurrence rates between females and males.
CONCLUSION
Female sex is associated with a higher risk of postoperative chronic pain following ventral hernia repair.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Chronic Pain; Surgical Mesh; Hernia, Ventral; Pain, Postoperative; Herniorrhaphy
PubMed: 37394348
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2023.06.026 -
Brain Sciences Jun 2023Around the world, more the 700,000 individuals die by suicide every year. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms associated with suicidal behavior. Recently, an... (Review)
Review
Around the world, more the 700,000 individuals die by suicide every year. It is necessary to understand the mechanisms associated with suicidal behavior. Recently, an increase in gene expression studies has been in development. Through a systematic review, we aimed to find a candidate gene in gene expression studies on postmortem brains of suicide completers. Databases were systematically searched for published studies. We performed an online search using PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases to search studies up until May 2023. The terms included were "gene expression", "expressed genes", "microarray", "qRT-PCR", "brain samples" and "suicide". Our systematic review included 59 studies covering the analysis of 1450 brain tissues from individuals who died by suicide. The majority of gene expression profiles were obtained of the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral prefrontal cortex and orbital frontal cortex area. The most studied mRNAs came of genes in glutamate, γ-amino-butyric acid and polyamine systems. mRNAs of genes in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), HPA axis and chemokine family were also studied. On the other hand, psychiatric comorbidities indicate that suicide by violent death can alter the profile of mRNA expression.
PubMed: 37371384
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060906