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Salivary proteins and peptides in the aetiology of caries in children: Systematic literature review.Oral Diseases May 2019To assess the relationship of chosen salivary proteins and peptides levels with the occurrence of caries in children.
BACKGROUND
To assess the relationship of chosen salivary proteins and peptides levels with the occurrence of caries in children.
METHODS
PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 2000 to 2018 were researched for original observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed regarding the guidelines by Fowkes and Fulton.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were included in the review, from which the issue of glycoproteins (including immunoglobulins), AMPs and salivary enzymes was discussed. The research involved primary dentition (13 papers), as well as mixed (7) and permanent dentition (5). Caries assessment included visual inspection, dmft/s and DMFT/S indexed; quantity of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. bacteria; and caries risk assessment.
DISCUSSION
The results of studies regarding the connection between salivary peptides and proteins and caries development in children are promising; however, further investigations should be undertaken. The majority of studies included are case-control and cross-sectional; however, it is necessary to conduct more cohort studies with adequate follow-up prior to considering this as markers for caries risk assessment.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 30091198
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12953 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2018To evaluate the effect of aPDT on S. mutans and C. albicans present in the dental biofilm, using methylene blue as a photosensitizer in different pre-irradiation times.... (Review)
Review
To evaluate the effect of aPDT on S. mutans and C. albicans present in the dental biofilm, using methylene blue as a photosensitizer in different pre-irradiation times. The searches were made on Pubmed, Web of Science, Bireme, Scopus and Cochrane Library, and were complemented by screening the references of selected articles in the attempt to find any article that did not appear in the database search. The searches were performed by two researchers and limited to studies involving human subjects published in the English language. Inclusion criteria included in vitro studies with aPDT; studies that used methylene blue as a photosensitizer; studies that used low power laser; studies that evaluated S. mutans or C. albicans. Studies published in a non-English language, patents, in vivo or in situ studies; case reports, serial case, reviews and animal studies were not included. Studies published before 1996 were also not included. Initially, the search resulted in 68 published studies. 16 records were excluded because they were duplicated. The analysis of titles and abstracts resulted in the exclusion of 48 of the published studies, resulting in 4 studies included in the systematic review. The aPDT was effective in three of the four papers selected for the systematic review and the pre-irradiation time used was 5 or 15 min. This therapy had satisfactory results in both C. albicans and S. mutans when using methylene blue as a photosensitizer.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Dentistry; Humans; Methylene Blue; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Time Factors
PubMed: 29408292
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.01.013 -
European Journal of Clinical... Aug 2016Infective endocarditis (IE) incidence remains high with considerable fatality rates; guidelines for prophylaxis against IE are currently under review in some settings... (Review)
Review
Infective endocarditis (IE) incidence remains high with considerable fatality rates; guidelines for prophylaxis against IE are currently under review in some settings which highlights the importance of maintaining up-to-date epidemiological estimates about the most common microbial causes. The objective of this systematic review, following PRISMA guidelines, was to identify the most common microbial causes of IE in recent years. Medline was searched from January 1, 2003 to March 31, 2013 for all articles containing the term "infective endocarditis". All relevant studies reporting diagnostic results were included. Special patient subpopulations were assessed separately. A total of 105 studies were included, from 36 countries, with available data on a total of 33,214 cases. Staphylococcus aureus was found to be the most common microorganism, being the most frequent in 54.3 % of studies (N = 57) (and in 55.4 % of studies using Duke's criteria for diagnosis [N = 51]). Viridans group streptococci (VGS), coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), Enterococcus spp and Streptococcus bovis were among the most common causes. S. aureus was the most common pathogen in almost all population subgroups; however, this was not the case in patients with implantable devices, prosthetic valves, or immunocompromised non-HIV, as well as in the sub-group from Asia, emphasizing that a global one-size-fits-all approach to the management of suspected IE is not appropriate. This review provides an evidence-based map of the most common causative agents of IE, highlighting S. aureus as the leading cause in the 21st century. The changing epidemiology of IE in some patient sub-groups in the last decade and the very high number of microbiologically undiagnosed cases (26.6 %) suggest the need to revisit IE prophylaxis and diagnostic strategies.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Enterococcus; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus; Young Adult
PubMed: 27170145
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-016-2660-6 -
European Journal of Oral Sciences Feb 2016Statins are medications administered orally and are widely used for lowering the blood cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of orally... (Review)
Review
Statins are medications administered orally and are widely used for lowering the blood cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of orally administered statins on microorganisms infecting oral and perioral tissues. We performed a systematic review of published studies of the in vitro antimicrobial effects of statins on bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and searched PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Central, and Google scholar. Studies show that most statins exhibit antimicrobial effects against various oral microorganisms. Simvastatin is most effective against the periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and against most dental plaque bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans. Statins also exhibit antiviral properties against human cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus, and hepatitis C virus, and have antifungal properties against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Zygomycetes spp. There were notable differences in the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) between different studies, which may be attributed to differences in study design. Further studies are warranted to ascertain if statins can be solubilized so that patients, who have been prescribed statins for cardiovascular diseases, can use the medication as a swish and swallow, giving patients the added benefit of the antimicrobial action topically in the mouth against infectious oral diseases.
Topics: Candida albicans; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mouth; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 26718458
DOI: 10.1111/eos.12239 -
Pediatric Dentistry 2015The purpose of this systematic review was to assess whether prenatal use of fluoride, chlorhexidine mouthrinses, and xylitol could alter the mutans streptococci levels... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review was to assess whether prenatal use of fluoride, chlorhexidine mouthrinses, and xylitol could alter the mutans streptococci levels in children.
METHODS
A systematic search of clinical trials was implemented for the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, PubMed, PMC, NCBI, ClinicalKey, Google Scholar, LILACS, and Science Direct. A search for ongoing trials was also undertaken in the clinicaltrial.gov database to identify eligible studies. Data regarding methodology, participants, types of interventions, and outcomes were extracted, and the risk of bias was also assessed independently by two review authors.
RESULTS
Only two clinical trials fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Although one study showed significant results, the overall result of this systematic review showed no statistical significance. A risk ratio and 95 percent confidence interval of 0.1 (0.01 to 1.89) were obtained.
CONCLUSIONS
Statistically significant results were reported in both the included studies; however, systematic analysis revealed a dearth of current evidence to support the general recommendation of pharmacological interventions for expectant mothers resulting in altered mutans streptococci levels in their children.
Topics: Chlorhexidine; Dental Caries; Female; Fluorides; Humans; Mothers; Mouthwashes; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus mutans; Xylitol
PubMed: 26531084
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene Feb 2016To conduct a systematic review aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine varnishes (CHX-V) on mutans streptococci (MS) in patients during... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine varnishes (CHX-V) on mutans streptococci (MS) in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic computerized database search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus and EMBASE up to September 2014. A Google search was also conducted to further identify articles that met the eligibility criteria. Clinical trials which used CHX-V alone as the intervention to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the varnish in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment were included. Outcome measures included MS level reduction and/or decreased caries incidence from baseline data.
RESULTS
Nineteen articles were identified for full-text reading; eleven articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Type and concentration of CHX-V, bacterial sampling method, application frequency, sampling schedule, risk of bias and study outcomes are presented.
CONCLUSION
A limited number of studies with low risk of bias were available to address the antimicrobial efficacy of CHX-V on MS in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Therefore, while the majority of studies found CHX-V to be an effective antimicrobial against MS at an interval of 3-4 weeks, the strength of the recommendation is weak. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether this antimicrobial effect will contribute to clinically significant caries reduction in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Caries; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances; Streptococcus mutans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26257398
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12163 -
Effect of Antimicrobial Interventions on the Oral Microbiota Associated with Early Childhood Caries.Pediatric Dentistry 2015The purposes of this systematic literature review were to identify research-based evidence for an effect of antimicrobial therapeutic approaches on the cariogenic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The purposes of this systematic literature review were to identify research-based evidence for an effect of antimicrobial therapeutic approaches on the cariogenic microbiota and early childhood caries (ECC) outcomes; and to review methods used to perform microbial assessments in clinical studies of ECC.
METHODS
Multiple databases were searched; only clinical cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 1998 to 2014 were selected. A total of 471 titles and abstracts were identified; 114 studies met the inclusion criteria for a full review, from which 41 studies were included in the meta-analyses.
RESULTS
In most of the reviewed studies, moderate reductions in cariogenic bacterial levels, mainly in mutans streptococci (MS), were demonstrated following the use of antimicrobial agents, but bacterial regrowth occurred and new carious lesions developed once the treatment had ceased, particularly in high-risk children. Relatively consistent findings suggested that anti-cariogenic microbial interventions in mothers significantly reduced MS acquisition by children. However, studies of the long-term benefits of ECC prevention are lacking.
CONCLUSION
Based on the meta-analyses, antimicrobial interventions and treatments show temporary reductions in MS colonization levels. However, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that the approaches used produced sustainable effects on cariogenic microbial colonization or ECC reduction and prevention.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacterial Load; Cariostatic Agents; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Humans; Infant; Microbial Consortia; Mouth; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 26063552
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2015Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease,... (Review)
Review
Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease, including the use of essential oils (EOs). In this systematic review, we discuss the antibacterial activity of EOs and their isolated constituents in view of a potential applicability in novel dental formulations. Seven databases were systematically searched for clinical trials, in situ, in vivo and in vitro studies addressing the topic published up to date. Most of the knowledge in the literature is based on in vitro studies assessing the effects of EOs on caries-related streptococci (mainly Streptococcus mutans) and lactobacilli, and on a limited number of clinical trials. The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Lippia sidoides, Ocimum americanum, and Rosmarinus officinalis. In some cases, the major phytochemical compounds determine the biological properties of EOs. Menthol and eugenol were considered outstanding compounds demonstrating an antibacterial potential. Only L. sidoides mouthwash (1%) has shown clinical antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens thus far. This review suggests avenues for further non-clinical and clinical studies with the most promising EOs and their isolated constituents bioprospected worldwide.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Caries; Humans; Lactobacillus; Lippia; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Phytochemicals; Plant Oils; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 25911964
DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047329 -
Journal of Dentistry Feb 2015A systematic review was performed with the aim of determining whether there is scientific evidence of the transmission of Streptococcus mutans from mother to child. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
A systematic review was performed with the aim of determining whether there is scientific evidence of the transmission of Streptococcus mutans from mother to child.
DATA
The eligibility criteria, based on the PECO strategy, were the following: observational human studies whose subjects were mother and child pairs (P) contaminated by S. mutans (E); comparison according to the presence or absence of S. mutans (C); and whether there is transmission (O). The qualitative analysis was performed by assessing the risk of bias of the included studies, while quantitative synthesis was performed through comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (p<0.05).
SOURCES
Two reviewers performed the database search of studies published between January 1950 and May 2014. The strategy included observational studies that assessed the vertical transmission of S. mutans from mothers to children through analyzing genetic strains.
STUDY SELECTION
It was found 166 non-duplicated studies. However, after reviewing the articles in full and applying the eligibility criteria, 36 papers were selected for qualitative analysis and 19 for quantitative analysis. The cumulative meta-analysis demonstrated vertical transmission of S. mutans from mother to child (p<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
The present systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated evidence of vertical transmission of S. mutans from mother to child because there was an association between S. mutans n mothers and their respective children.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The knowledge of the S. mutans strains is important because the virulence of the microorganisms is varied; also, the virulence affects the dental caries evolution rate, being more or less aggressive.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Publication Bias; Quality Assurance, Health Care; Risk; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 25486222
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.12.001 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2014To verify, by means of a systematic review, whether the design of brackets (conventional or self-ligating) influences adhesion and formation of Streptococcus mutans... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To verify, by means of a systematic review, whether the design of brackets (conventional or self-ligating) influences adhesion and formation of Streptococcus mutans colonies.
SEARCH STRATEGY
four databases (Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid ALL EMB Reviews, PubMed and BIREME) were selected to search for relevant articles covering the period from January 1965 to December 2012.
SELECTION CRITERIA
in first consensus by reading the title and abstract. The full text was obtained from publications that met the inclusion criteria.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two reviewers independently extracted data using the following keywords: conventional, self-ligating, biofilm, Streptococcus mutans, and systematic review; and independently evaluated the quality of the studies. In case of divergence, the technique of consensus was adopted.
RESULTS
The search strategy resulted in 1,401 articles. The classification of scientific relevance revealed the high quality of the 6 eligible articles of which outcomes were not unanimous in reporting not only the influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over adhesion and formation of colonies of Streptococcus mutans, but also that other factors such as the quality of the bracket type, the level of individual oral hygiene, bonding and age may have greater influence. Statistical analysis was not feasible because of the heterogeneous methodological design.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, it was concluded that there is no evidence for a possible influence of the design of the brackets (conventional or self-ligating) over colony formation and adhesion of Streptococcus mutans.
Topics: Bacterial Adhesion; Biofilms; Dental Plaque; Humans; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Brackets; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 24713561
DOI: 10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.060-068.oar