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BMC Ophthalmology Apr 2024This study aims to compare the efficacy of peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses (SCLs) (excluding bifocal SCLs) with single vision contact lenses or spectacles... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to compare the efficacy of peripheral add multifocal soft contact lenses (SCLs) (excluding bifocal SCLs) with single vision contact lenses or spectacles in controlling myopia progression.
METHOD
A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Pubmed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases until October 2023. The literature was thoroughly screened based on predetermined eligibility criteria. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for dichotomous data and weighted mean differences (WMD) for continuous data.
RESULTS
A total of 11 articles comprising 787 participants were included in this meta-analysis. Our pooled results demonstrated that the peripheral add multifocal SCLs groups exhibited significantly reduced refraction progression (MD = 0.20; 95%CI, 0.14 ∼ 0.27; P<0.001) and less axial length elongation (MD=-0.08; 95%CI, -0.09∼-0.08; P<0.001) compared to the control group. There was no significant difference in high-contrast logMAR distance visual acuity between the two groups (MD = 0.01; 95%CI, -0.00 ∼ 0.02; P = 0.19). However, the group using single-vision lenses had better low-contrast logMAR distance visual acuity compared to those using peripheral add multifocal SCLs (MD = 0.06; 95%CI, 0.02 ∼ 0.10; P = 0.004). Data synthesis using a random-effects model indicated an incidence of contact lens-related adverse events of 0.065 (95%CI, 0.048 ∼ 0.083).
CONCLUSIONS
The present meta-analysis signifies that peripheral defocus modifying contact lenses are effective in slowing down the progression of myopia and reducing axial elongation.
Topics: Humans; Myopia; Visual Acuity; Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic; Refraction, Ocular; Vision Tests; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 38627653
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03408-7 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) May 2024Antioxidants are bioactive molecules that function to scavenge free radicals and balance oxidative stress. Although all antioxidants can act as reactive oxygen species... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Macular Pigment Optical Density and Visual Functions: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
Antioxidants are bioactive molecules that function to scavenge free radicals and balance oxidative stress. Although all antioxidants can act as reactive oxygen species scavengers, their efficacy on eye health may vary. Moreover, the comparative effectiveness and potential additive effect between groups of antioxidants, hitherto, have not been systematically studied. A systematic review and network meta-analysis were conducted to investigate the comparative or additive effect of dietary antioxidant supplements on eye health. Four databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane) were searched, and relevant randomized controlled trials were identified. Out of 60 articles selected for systematic review, 38 were included in the network meta-analysis, categorized into 8 distinct antioxidant-supplemented groups and placebo. All groups significantly increased macular pigment optical density and contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequency, whereas only the antioxidant mixture + lutein (L) + fatty acid combination exhibited significant improvements in visual acuity (hazard ratio = -0.15; 95% confidence interval: -0.28, -0.02) and L + zeaxanthin combination for photostress recovery time (hazard ratio = -5.75; 95% confidence interval: -8.80, -1.70). Especially, the L + zeaxanthin + fatty acid combination was ranked best for macular pigment optical density (surface under the cumulative ranking: 99.3%) and second best for contrast sensitivity at low spatial frequency (67.7%). However, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to low quality of evidence, primarily influenced by indirectness and potential publication bias. Overall, antioxidant supplementation was estimated to improve eye health parameters, whereas different combinations of antioxidants may also have varying effects on improving visual health from multiple perspectives. This study was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42022369250.
Topics: Humans; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Macular Pigment; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Lutein; Visual Acuity; Zeaxanthins; Network Meta-Analysis; Contrast Sensitivity
PubMed: 38582248
DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100216 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jun 2024The aim of this systematic review was to conduct a comprehensive and rigorous investigation of both psychological and physiological responses to, and audio-visual... (Review)
Review
The aim of this systematic review was to conduct a comprehensive and rigorous investigation of both psychological and physiological responses to, and audio-visual interactions with, soundscapes to present an overview of the current status and to provide suggestions for future research. Our literature search focused on empirical and quantitative studies of journal articles and gray literature in English and Chinese. This systematic review excluded literature related to pure music, religious sounds, humanistic sounds, historical sounds, medical research, and differences in materials used. The Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist for Randomized Controlled Trials was used to assess the risk of bias in the included studies. Twenty-five studies were included, involving 1950 participants. The major findings of this systematic review were that: (1) there were significant associations between the psychological and physiological responses; (2) the audio-visual interaction affected the psychological and physiological responses; and (3) because of the high risk of bias of the included studies, interpretation of their findings should be cautious. Nevertheless, given that this systematic review has a higher level of evidence than a single study and the synthesized evidence identified in this review is aligned with the results of other studies, the studies reviewed herein together provide consistent evidence. Replications are important in empirical research to build trustworthy results. Future research should focus on the psychological responses of pleasantness, preference, tranquility, the eight semantic dimensions (ISO 12913-2:2018), and the 11 pairs of adjectives describing the soundscape (Ba et al., 2023) and the physiological responses of heart rate variability and salivary, and follow the CONSORT guidelines to improve the research quality. An integration of sensory modalities, environmental factors, contextual indicators, temporal data, demographic variables, socio-cultural factors, and psychological and physiological responses may provide deeper insights into how people experience and understand the acoustic environment in context.
Topics: Humans; Sound; Auditory Perception
PubMed: 38582113
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172197 -
Telemedicine Journal and E-health : the... Jun 2024(Review)
Review
Topics: Humans; Internet; Mobile Applications; Telemedicine; Vision Tests; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 38564179
DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2023.0368 -
American Journal of Ophthalmology Mar 2024To update the literature on peripheral optics and vision following intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To update the literature on peripheral optics and vision following intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation.
METHODS
We investigated how current IOLs influence peripheral visual function, peripheral optical quality, and visual perception and performance, in patients following cataract surgery. Peripheral vision is described as vision outside the central foveal region of the eye (beyond 4-5° of eccentricity). We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and gray literature for relevant references. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies were eligible for inclusion. Finally, 47 studies with a total of 5963 participants were eligible for this review, of which 15 were included in the meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Regarding visual fields, the meta-analysis showed that the pooled estimate of mean deviation (MD) measured with perimetry tests (standard automated perimetry [SAP], short-wavelength automated perimetry [SWAP], and frequency doubling technology [FDT]) appears to be lower than the mean of healthy age-matched controls, regardless of IOL design. Results for pooled estimate show that localized defects (pattern standard deviation [PSD]) were higher than those in the healthy age-matched controls for FDT. We also collected evidence demonstrating that pseudophakia increases peripheral astigmatism and a myopic shift from 20° onward, leading to decreased peripheral image quality compared with that in phakic eyes. Patient-reported outcomes on peripheral vision showed a pooled score estimate of 95.19, indicating high satisfaction, and for the Steps & Stairs questions, a pooled score estimate at 0.23, indicating no to little difficulty seeing steps and stairs.
CONCLUSIONS
Peripheral image quality is degraded in eyes after cataract surgery. Nevertheless, whether this degradation leads to impaired visual function in the periphery requires further investigation.
PubMed: 38521156
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2024.03.016 -
Nutrition Reviews Mar 2024It has been suggested that thylakoid supplementation could be associated with favorable changes in appetite. However, the present trials are inconsistent.
CONTEXT
It has been suggested that thylakoid supplementation could be associated with favorable changes in appetite. However, the present trials are inconsistent.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate whether thylakoid supplementation is effective in hunger/fullness changes.
DATA SOURCES
A comprehensive literature search was performed before conducting a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Sciences databases up to May 2023.
DATA EXTRACTION
Of the 262 articles found, 5 articles that measured hunger fullness expressed as ratings on the visual analog scale (VAS) for appetite analyses were selected and thoroughly examined. Relevant information, such as the authors' names, year of publication, country of origin, study design, number and status of participants, intervention dosage and type, study duration, assay used, and key findings, was extracted from these articles. The Jadad scale was used to evaluate the quality of studies.
DATA ANALYSIS
The data were obtained using STATA version 13 (StataCorp). Effect sizes were reported as weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed to estimate whether the effects of thylakoid supplementation on hunger and fullness varied according to dose, intervention duration, baseline population age and body mass index, baseline hunger and fullness, total sample size, and study quality. Fractional polynomial modeling was carried out to estimate time- and dose-response meta-analysis of the association between thylakoid and satiety and fullness. The meta-analysis also suggests a significant association between the combination of thylakoids with meals and reduced hunger (WMD: -2.415 mm; 95% CI: -3.544, -1.287; P < 0.001) and increased fullness (WMD: +4.602 mm; 95% CI: 2.356, 6.848; P < 0.001). Further analysis showed that thylakoid supplementation with 2 doses of 5 g/day (P = 0.002) and 7.4 g/day (P = 0.021) is more effective in reducing the feeling of hunger during an intervention of less than 56 days (P < 0.001) and with a lower level of hunger (VAS <45 mm, P < 0.001). Furthermore, a significant increase in the perception of fullness was found at a duration of less than 84 days (P < 0.001) and baseline fullness of more than 45 mm (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Supplementation with thylakoid shows favorable effects on reducing hunger and increasing fullness during a shorter intervention duration. Further trials are required to shed light on this relationship.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023432429.
PubMed: 38518202
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuae012 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2024Post-operative cystoid macular edema (PCME) is an important complication following intraocular surgery that often resolves spontaneously without treatment. In some... (Review)
Review
Post-operative cystoid macular edema (PCME) is an important complication following intraocular surgery that often resolves spontaneously without treatment. In some cases, PCME may persist despite initial medical therapy, which can adversely impact visual outcomes. Various topical, intraocular and systemic treatments exist for the prevention and management of cystoid macular edema; however, there is no consensus on treatment of refractory cases in the postoperative setting. In accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed 68 articles describing management options and their outcomes for treatment-resistant cases of PCME. The most commonly reported treatments included steroid (39 studies) and biological-based (17 studies) therapies. We provide an overview of the treatment options for refractory PCME.
Topics: Macular Edema; Humans; Postoperative Complications; Glucocorticoids; Visual Acuity; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Disease Management; Angiogenesis Inhibitors
PubMed: 38490455
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2024.03.005 -
Developmental Neuropsychology 2024This systematic review aimed to examine the possible implication of visual-perceptual, visuo-attentional and oculomotor processing in the reading deficits frequently... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to examine the possible implication of visual-perceptual, visuo-attentional and oculomotor processing in the reading deficits frequently experienced by children with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), as previously shown in dyslexia. Using PRISMA methodological guidelines, we examined 49 studies; most of these reported visual-processing deficits in this population, raising the importance of directly studying the visuo-perceptual and visuo-attentional processes and eye-movement control involved in the learning-to-read process in NF1. The discussion provides a reflection for a better understanding of how visual-processing skills interact with reading deficits in NF1, as well as new avenues for their screening and care.
Topics: Child; Humans; Reading; Neurofibromatosis 1; Dyslexia; Visual Perception; Learning
PubMed: 38469855
DOI: 10.1080/87565641.2024.2326151 -
Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of... Apr 2024Understanding how outdoor environments affect mental health outcomes is vital in today's fast-paced and urbanized society. Recently, advancements in data-gathering... (Review)
Review
Understanding how outdoor environments affect mental health outcomes is vital in today's fast-paced and urbanized society. Recently, advancements in data-gathering technologies and deep learning have facilitated the study of the relationship between the outdoor environment and human perception. In a systematic review, we investigate how deep learning techniques can shed light on a better understanding of the influence of outdoor environments on human perceptions and emotions, with an emphasis on mental health outcomes. We have systematically reviewed 40 articles published in SCOPUS and the Web of Science databases which were the published papers between 2016 and 2023. The study presents and utilizes a novel topic modeling method to identify coherent keywords. By extracting the top words of each research topic, and identifying the current topics, we indicate that current studies are classified into three areas. The first topic was "Urban Perception and Environmental Factors" where the studies aimed to evaluate perceptions and mental health outcomes. Within this topic, the studies were divided based on human emotions, mood, stress, and urban features impacts. The second topic was titled "Data Analysis and Urban Imagery in Modeling" which focused on refining deep learning techniques, data collection methods, and participants' variability to understand human perceptions more accurately. The last topic was named "Greenery and visual exposure in urban spaces" which focused on the impact of the amount and the exposure of green features on mental health and perceptions. Upon reviewing the papers, this study provides a guide for subsequent research to enhance the view of using deep learning techniques to understand how urban environments influence mental health. It also provides various suggestions that should be taken into account when planning outdoor spaces.
Topics: Humans; Deep Learning; Mental Health; Data Mining; Perception; Emotions
PubMed: 38466494
DOI: 10.1007/s11524-024-00830-6 -
Seminars in Ophthalmology Jul 2024To investigate the occurrence of chorioretinopathy post-COVID-19, emphasizing demographic characteristics, medication history, clinical presentation, diagnostic... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To investigate the occurrence of chorioretinopathy post-COVID-19, emphasizing demographic characteristics, medication history, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment approaches, with a specific focus on the role of corticosteroid use.
METHODS
Our protocol was registered prospectively on PROSPERO (CRD42023457712). A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Cochrane, WOS, Scopus) from November 2020 to August 2023 were performed to identify any original research reporting chorioretinopathy in COVID-19 patients. Data extraction included patient demographics, COVID-19 timeline, medication history, symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment outcomes. We used Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of our included studies.
RESULTS
We identified seven case reports and two case series including 10 patients, six females and four males (mean age 36.5 years), who exhibited chorioretinopathy after COVID-19. Onset varied from 6 days to three months post-infection (average = 24.3 days). Seven patients (70%) had a history of corticosteroid use during COVID-19 treatment. Symptoms included visual loss, blurred vision, and deterioration. Diagnostic assessments revealed central serous chorioretinopathy in seven patients (70%) and punctate inner choroidopathy in two (20%). Treatment approaches varied, with corticosteroid discontinuation leading to symptom improvement, while two patients were treated with corticosteroids. Five patients who discontinued corticosteroids were reported to have improvement in visual acuity, two of them changed to 20/25 after being 20/40, two changed to 6/6, and one changed to 20/20, while the visual acuity in the sixth patient was not reported. Regarding the two patients who were treated with corticosteroids, visual acuity was reported in one case only and it improved to 20/20.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review states the prevalence and potential association between chorioretinopathy, and corticosteroid use in the context of COVID-19. This relation is still unclear because of the relief of symptoms in some cases after corticosteroid discontinuation, while two other cases were treated with corticosteroids and their symptoms improved.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Prevalence; Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Visual Acuity; Glucocorticoids
PubMed: 38466227
DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2323113