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Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation Mar 2024Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide requires the analysis of scientific...
Vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide requires the analysis of scientific publications to make recommendations for the prevention, management and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women. The purpose of the research was to explore the relationship between pathology and pregnancy outcomes with serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels and vitamin D supplementation. A literature search was performed for systematic literature reviews with meta-analyses published between January 2018 and February 2023. 42 publications were selected for further analysis. 24 meta-analyses evaluated associations between serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol levels on the one hand and the course and outcome of pregnancy on the other. 18 meta-analyses focused on the preventive effect of vitamin D preparations on the development of obstetric and paediatric pathology. Vitamin D deficiency was identified to increase the probability of spontaneous abortion (OR=1.6 (1.11; 2.3), preterm labour (OR=1.33 (1.15; 1.54)), especially in multiple pregnancies (OR=2.59 (1.35; 4.95)), pre-eclampsia (OR 1.58 (1.39-1.79)), anaemia of pregnancy (OR=1.61 (1.41; 1.83), postpartum depression (OR=3.67 (1.72; 7.85), autism spectrum disorders in early childhood (OR=1.54 (1.12; 2.1). High vitamin D levels reduce the risk of gestational diabetes (RR=0.87 (0.79; 0.97)), and low birth weight (RR=0.65 (0.48; 0.86)). The target level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D during pregnancy is a serum concentration of more than 30 mg/ml. Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy at a dose of 2000 IU or higher is preventive for pre-eclampsia, insulin resistance, and the development of bronchial asthma in early childhood. Vitamin D screening is indicated for all pregnant women. Dosages of vitamin D preparations should be determined individually, considering laboratory tests and risk factors.
PubMed: 38461819
DOI: 10.1159/000538085 -
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2024Emerging evidence suggests the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. To what extent the excess risk of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Emerging evidence suggests the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and risk of cognitive impairment or dementia. To what extent the excess risk of dementia conferred by vitamin D deficiency is less clear.
OBJECTIVE
We summarized the current evidence from several aspects and further quantified these associations.
METHODS
We collected relevant prospective cohort studies by searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane up to July 2023. The pooled relative risks (RR) were evaluated by random-effects models. Dose-response analyses were conducted by the method of two-stage generalized least squares regression.
RESULTS
Of 9,267 identified literatures, 23 were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analyses, among which 9 and 4 literatures were included in the dose-response analyses for the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Vitamin D deficiency exhibited a 1.42 times risk for dementia (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.21-1.65) and a 1.57-fold excess risk for AD (95% CI = 1.15-2.14). And vitamin D deficiency was associated with 34% elevated risk with cognitive impairment (95% CI = 1.19-1.52). Additionally, vitamin D was non-linearly related to the risk of dementia (pnonlinearity = 0.0000) and AD (pnonlinearity = 0.0042). The approximate 77.5-100 nmol/L 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was optimal for reducing dementia risk. And the AD risk seemed to be decreased when the 25(OH)D level >40.1 nmol/L.
CONCLUSIONS
Vitamin D deficiency was a risk factor for dementia, AD, and cognitive impairment. The nonlinear relationships may further provide the optimum dose of 25(OH)D for dementia prevention.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Vitamin D; Alzheimer Disease; Cognitive Dysfunction; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Risk Factors
PubMed: 38461506
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-231381 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide disease. VDD is also associated with an increased risk of HIV-related comorbidities and mortality, and patients have a tendency... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a worldwide disease. VDD is also associated with an increased risk of HIV-related comorbidities and mortality, and patients have a tendency to develop active tuberculosis compared to those with latent tuberculosis infection. Vitamin D supplementation may modulate HIV replication, improve TB inflammation and reduce progression of HIV-TB co-infection.
METHODS
We meta-analyzed individual participant data from cohort studies, cross-sectional study, and RCTs of vitamin D in HIV group, TB group, and HIV-TB group. The primary outcomes were differences in vitamin D level and VDD prevalence between three groups, the secondary outcomes were CD4 count, HIV viral load, time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, morality, and TB score.
RESULTS
For vitamin D levels, the overall mean difference (MD) between HIV group and TB group was -0.21 (95% CI, -20.80-20.38; = 0.9, = 84%), HIV group and HIV-TB group was 0.87 (95% CI, -11.45-13.20; = 0.89, = 87%), and TB group and HIV-TB group was 1.17 (95% CI, -5.21-7.55; = 0.72, = 85%). For vitamin D deficiency prevalence, the overall odds ratio (OR) for HIV group versus TB group was 1.23 (95% CI, 0.46-3.31; = 0.68; = 70%), HIV group versus HIV-TB group was 1.53 (95% CI, 1.03-2.29; = 0.04; = 0%), and TB group versus HIV-TB group was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.61-1.20; = 0.36; = 22%). In HIV-TB group, the overall OR for vitamin D group versus placebo group was 0.78 (95% CI, 0.34-1.67; = 0.52; = 60%).
CONCLUSION
Our findings indicated that there were no variations in vitamin D levels between three groups. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was higher in the HIV-TB group than in the HIV group. Additionally, the administration of vitamin D supplements did not have obvious impact on CD4 count and viral load. Likewise, vitamin D had no effect on time to sputum smear conversion, time to culture conversion, relapse, 12-month morality, and TB score.
Topics: Humans; Vitamin D; Coinfection; Cross-Sectional Studies; HIV Infections; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Recurrence
PubMed: 38439754
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1344024 -
Journal of Medicine and Life Nov 2023Dysmenorrhea, affecting approximately 80% of adolescents, significantly impairs quality of life, disrupts sleep patterns, and induces mood changes. Furthermore, its... (Review)
Review
Dysmenorrhea, affecting approximately 80% of adolescents, significantly impairs quality of life, disrupts sleep patterns, and induces mood changes. Furthermore, its economic impact is substantial, accounting for an estimated $200 billion in the United States and $4.2 million in Japan annually. This review aimed to identify the effects of vitamin D and calcium on primary dysmenorrhea. We conducted a comprehensive literature search across Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct, focusing on studies published from 2010 to 2020. Keywords included 'primary dysmenorrhea', 'vitamin D', '25-OH vitamin D3', 'cholecalciferol', and 'calcium'. The quality assessment of the articles was done using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) and the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) checklists, and the risk bias was assessed using the Cochrane assessment tool. Abnormal low Vit. D levels increased the severity of primary dysmenorrhea through increased prostaglandins and decreased calcium absorption. Vitamin D and calcium supplements could reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and the need for analgesics. This systematic review found an inverse relation between the severity of dysmenorrhea and low serum Vit. D and calcium.. Vitamin D and calcium supplements could reduce the severity of primary dysmenorrhea and the need for analgesics.
Topics: Female; Adolescent; Humans; Vitamin D; Calcium; Dysmenorrhea; Quality of Life; Vitamins; Calcifediol; Vitamin D Deficiency; Analgesics; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38406773
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0248 -
Journal of Molecular Medicine (Berlin,... Apr 2024Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the mouth. It is characterised by the appearance of painful ulcers in the oral... (Review)
Review
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease of the mouth. It is characterised by the appearance of painful ulcers in the oral mucosa. RAS is believed to be a multifactorial disease with genetic predisposition, environmental factors and alterations in the immune system. Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between free radicals and the antioxidant system, also appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of RAS. Several risk factors, such as smoking, iron and vitamin deficiency and anxiety, may contribute to the development of the disease. Understanding the underlying mechanisms may help in the prevention and treatment of RAS. We searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases for articles on oxidative stress in patients with RAS from 2000 to 2023. Studies analysing oxidant and antioxidant levels in the blood and saliva of RAS patients and healthy controls were selected. Of 170 potentially eligible articles, 24 met the inclusion criteria: 11 studies on blood samples, 6 on salivary samples and 7 on both blood and salivary samples. Multiple oxidative and antioxidant markers were assessed in blood and saliva samples. Overall, statistically significant differences were found between RAS patients and healthy controls for most markers. In addition, increased oxidative DNA damage was observed in patients with RAS. Patients with RAS show elevated levels of oxidative stress compared to healthy controls, with a significant increase in oxidative markers and a significant decrease in antioxidant defences in saliva and blood samples.
Topics: Humans; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Antioxidants; Oxidative Stress; Iron
PubMed: 38376817
DOI: 10.1007/s00109-024-02434-8 -
BMC Pediatrics Feb 2024Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of childhood diarrhea. We aim to carry out a review and meta-analysis of the evidence relating vitamin D insufficiency to childhood diarrhea.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, and Cochrane Library (from inception to August 2022), then independently reviewed the eligibility, and read full-text reviews for selected articles. Keywords used were 'vitamin D', '25-hydroxyvitamin D', 'vitamin D deficiency', 'diarrhea', 'gastroenteritis', 'children', and 'pediatric'. The search was limited to studies only in English and with available full-text. Year limitation was not applied in our search. Unpublished trials, dissertations, preliminary reports, conference abstracts, and repositories were excluded from the study. Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used as the risk of bias assessment tool. Meta-analysis using the random-effects model was done.
RESULTS
Out of 5,565 articles, 12 articles were included in our systematic review, however only 7 articles were eligible for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and diarrhea in children in developing countries (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.15 to 2.80; p = 0.01). On the secondary outcome, the association of vitamin D deficiency and duration or recurrences of diarrhea are conflicting.
CONCLUSIONS
There is an association between vitamin D deficiency and the prevalence of diarrhea. Future studies should evaluate the causal association, the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the severity of diarrhea, and whether vitamin D deficiency treatments affects the prevalence of diarrhea.
Topics: Child; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins; Diarrhea; Gastroenteritis; Prevalence
PubMed: 38365626
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04599-0 -
Cureus Jan 2024Vitamin D deficiency is a globally recognized health concern, with particular prominence in specific geographies and demographics. Saudi Arabia, with its unique climatic... (Review)
Review
Vitamin D deficiency is a globally recognized health concern, with particular prominence in specific geographies and demographics. Saudi Arabia, with its unique climatic conditions and cultural practices, has been under scrutiny regarding the prevalence of this deficiency, especially among children and adolescents. This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia by compiling and analyzing various studies to offer a comprehensive view of the situation. The comprehensive web search encompassed a range of databases, including Google Scholar and PubMed, to gather studies published between 2012 and 2023. An analysis was conducted on seven studies, totaling 2,429 participants, with each study focusing on various aspects, regions, and cohorts within Saudi Arabia. These studies employed different methodologies, ranging from cross-sectional surveys to randomized clinical trials. The review unveiled an alarming prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the studied population. On average, around 81.1% of children and adolescents showcased inadequate vitamin D levels. Specific vulnerable groups, such as those with Type 1 diabetes mellitus or asthma, had pronounced deficiencies. Factors influencing these levels ranged from dietary habits, sun exposure, physical activity, and socioeconomic parameters. The compelling evidence from the studies underscores a consistent health issue among the pediatric population in Saudi Arabia that the overwhelming majority of Saudi children and adolescents lack adequate vitamin D. Addressing this widespread deficiency needs a multifaceted approach. Implementing policies that support vitamin D food fortification, encouraging routine screenings, and launching public awareness campaigns about safe sun exposure and diet can play a transformative role in this health crisis.
PubMed: 38344540
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52040 -
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience 2024Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitating middle to old-aged patients with neurological diseases including movement disorders...
INTRODUCTION
Nutrition plays a pivotal role in the multidisciplinary approach to rehabilitating middle to old-aged patients with neurological diseases including movement disorders (MDs). Despite the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in many patients with MDs, data supporting supplementation's effectiveness and safety is sparse and conflicting, therefore, our explicit objective was to provide an all-encompassing review of the subject.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and other scientific databases was conducted up to November 1 2023. The searches included RCTs in all languages with human participants aged 35 and above and not meeting these requirements led to exclusion.
RESULTS
Four studies on Parkinson's disease (PD) and one on restless legs syndrome (RLS) including 369 MD patients, however, none in a rehabilitation context, were found. Although three of the four PD studies showed better outcomes, such as decreasing levodopa-induced dyskinesia or enhancing physical performance in some or all domains, the RLS study did not identify symptom improvement. The one serious adverse effect observed, cerebral infarction, aroused safety concerns, however its relationship to vitamin D consumption is questionable. Structurally the studies can be characterized by large variations in patient populations, in primary outcomes, and disease severity, but typically a relatively short duration of therapy in most cases. With other limitations such as the small number of studies, major trial design heterogeneity, limited sample sizes, and a greatly variable Cochrane risk of bias (RoB) evaluation, only a qualitative synthesis was feasible.
DISCUSSION
Two main implications can be inferred from these results, which we interpret as cautiously promising but overall insufficient for firm recommendations. First, there is an urgent need for more research on the role of vitamin D in MDs in the middle- to older-aged population, particularly during rehabilitation. Second, given the benefits of vitamin D supplementation for those who are deficient, we recommend routine screening and supplementation for MD patients.
PubMed: 38343878
DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1333217 -
Nutrients Jan 2024This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to assess whether malnutrition may increase the incidence of oral cancer. Following the PRISMA statement, the research was... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
This systematic review and meta-analyses aimed to assess whether malnutrition may increase the incidence of oral cancer. Following the PRISMA statement, the research was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and MEDLINE via OVID without any time restrictions. The risk of bias was assessed, and the quality of evidence for each performed meta-analysis was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework. Sixty-one articles met the inclusion criteria and seven studies underwent quantitative evaluation. For our meta-analysis on hypovitaminosis B, three studies with a total of 90,011 patients were included. An odds ratio of 2.22 was found. Our meta-analysis on the correlation between vitamin C and oral cancer included one study with a total of 866 patients and the derived odds ratio was 1.06. Our meta-analysis on the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of oral cancer included three studies with a total of 12,087 patients and the odds ratio was -2.58. The GRADE system showed a moderate strength of evidence due to the presence of studies with a high risk of bias and high indirectness of the data given. The present findings suggest that an inadequate intake of vitamins, particularly vitamin D, poses a risk for the onset of oral cancer.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Malnutrition; Risk Factors; Vitamins; Vitamin D
PubMed: 38337645
DOI: 10.3390/nu16030360 -
Journal of Research in Health Sciences Dec 2023According to the findings from observational studies and clinical trials assessing the effect of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are still... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamin D Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease Risks in More Than 134000 Individuals in 29 Randomized Clinical Trials and 157000 Individuals in 30 Prospective Cohort Studies: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
According to the findings from observational studies and clinical trials assessing the effect of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), there are still contradictory results. This systematic review aimed to assess the effect of vitamin D supplements on CVDs considering cohort studies and clinical trials. A systematic review.
METHODS
MEDLINE/PubMed, Science Direct, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were reviewed by two reviewers independently until 2022. The study effect is risk ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) according to Mantel Haenszel's random-effects model. Then, Stata version 14 was used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
In clinical trial studies, the incidence of CVDs among the vitamin D-consuming group was not significantly different from that in the placebo group (RR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.95-1.03; =0.77; I =0%). CVD mortality was also not significantly different between the two groups (RR: 0.97, 95% CI: 0.90-1.05; =0.72; I=0%). In cohort studies, circulating 25 (OH) D increased the risk of CVD incidence by 31% (RR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.19-1.45) and CVD mortality by 37% (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.17-1.61).
CONCLUSION
According to current evidence from clinical trials, vitamin D supplementation should not be recommended for CVD prevention. However, there is a direct association between vitamin D deficiency and the incidence of CVDs as well as its mortality. According to the results of clinical trial studies carrying higher levels of scientific evidence, it can be concluded that vitamin D supplementation does not exert a significant effect on the incidence, mortality, and reduction of CVDs.
Topics: Humans; Cardiovascular Diseases; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamins; Vitamin D; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 38315909
DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.129