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European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2024To investigate the effects of 8-week hiking bench training on cardiorespiratory and muscular responses of highly trained sailors during hiking emulation. Twenty-four...
To investigate the effects of 8-week hiking bench training on cardiorespiratory and muscular responses of highly trained sailors during hiking emulation. Twenty-four sailors were assigned into two groups: the hiking bench training group (HTG, n = 12) and the control group (CG, n = 12). Both groups maintained their regular training with the HTG performed two additional hiking bench training sessions per week for 8 weeks, while the CG performed an equivalent duration of on-water sailing training. Physiological responses were assessed by performing four successive 3-min hiking bouts on a sailing emulation ergometer before and after the 8-week training period. Comparing the pretest, both groups exhibited a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the percentage of maximal oxygen uptake (%VOmax) and maximal heart rate (%HRmax); the HTG experienced a greater decrease in %VOmax in bouts 2 and 3. The root mean square (RMS) of rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), rectus abdominis (RA), and external oblique decreased significantly (p < 0.05), whereas the mean power frequency (MPF) of RF, VL, and RA exhibited an increasing trend. The RMS of RF and RA in HTG were lower than those in CG in the initial three bouts; VL and EA in HTG were lower than those in CG in bouts 1 and 2 (p < 0.05). The MPF of RA in HTG was significantly increased in bouts 2, 3, and 4 (p < 0.05). Eight-week hiking bench training could improve hiking economy and the activation of lower limb and trunk muscles delaying the onset of fatigue in sailors.
Topics: Humans; Water Sports; Oxygen Consumption; Heart Rate; Male; Young Adult; Ships; Adult; Physical Conditioning, Human; Muscle, Skeletal; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Quadriceps Muscle
PubMed: 38956795
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12118 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2024Knee osteoarthritis is associated with deficits in muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical functioning. These muscle-related deficits are acutely exacerbated... (Review)
Review
Knee osteoarthritis is associated with deficits in muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical functioning. These muscle-related deficits are acutely exacerbated following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and persist long after surgery, despite the application of standardized rehabilitation programs that include physical/functional training. Resistance exercise training (RET) has been shown to be a highly effective strategy to improve muscle-related outcomes in healthy as well as clinical populations. However, the use of RET in traditional rehabilitation programs after TKA is limited. In this narrative review, we provide an updated view on whether adding RET to the standard rehabilitation (SR) in the recovery period (up to 1 year) after TKA leads to greater improvements in muscle-related outcomes when compared to SR alone. Overall, research findings clearly indicate that both muscle strength and muscle mass can be improved to a greater extent with RET-based rehabilitation compared to SR. Additionally, measures of physical functioning that rely on quadriceps strength and balance (e.g., stair climbing, chair standing, etc.) also appear to benefit more from a RET-based program compared to SR, especially in patients with low levels of physical functioning. Importantly though, for RET to be optimally effective, it should be performed at 70%-80% of the one-repetition maximum, with 3-4 sets per exercise, with a minimum of 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Based upon this narrative review, we recommend that such high-intensity progressive RET should be incorporated into standard programs during rehabilitation after TKA.
Topics: Humans; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Resistance Training; Muscle Strength; Osteoarthritis, Knee; Quadriceps Muscle; Postural Balance
PubMed: 38956794
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12114 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2024Inconsistent and restricted definitions of injury have contributed to limitations in determining injury rates and identifying risk factors for running-related injuries... (Review)
Review
Inconsistent and restricted definitions of injury have contributed to limitations in determining injury rates and identifying risk factors for running-related injuries (RRIs). The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the definitions and surveillance methods of RRIs. A systematic electronic search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscuss, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. Included studies were published in English between January 1980 and June 2023 which investigated RRIs in adult running populations, providing a definition for a general RRI. Results were extracted and collated. 204 articles were included. Three primary criteria were used to define RRIs: physical description, effect on training and medical intervention, while three secondary criteria are also associated with definitions: cause/onset of injury, location, and social consequences. Further descriptors and sub-descriptors form these criteria. The use of Boolean operators resulted in nine variations in definitions. Inconsistency is evident among definitions of RRIs. Injury definitions seem to be important for two main reasons: firstly, determining accurate injury rates, and secondly, in research examining risk factors. For the latter, definitions seem to be very limited, only capturing severe injuries and failing to recognise the full development process of RRIs, precluding the identification of conclusive risk factors. A potential two-approach solution is the initial use of a broad definition acting as a gatekeeper for identifying any potential injury, and follow-up with an extensive surveillance tool to capture the specific consequences of the varying severity of RRIs.
Topics: Humans; Risk Factors; Running; Athletic Injuries; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 38956793
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12123 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2024The aims of this study were to assess (i) the load-velocity relationship during the box squat exercise in women survivors of breast cancer, (ii) which velocity variable...
The aims of this study were to assess (i) the load-velocity relationship during the box squat exercise in women survivors of breast cancer, (ii) which velocity variable (mean velocity [MV], mean propulsive velocity [MPV], or peak velocity [PV]) shows stronger relationship with the relative load (%1RM), and (iii) which regression model (linear [LA] or polynomic [PA]) provides a greater fit for predicting the velocities associated with each %1RM. Nineteen women survivors of breast cancer (age: 53.2 ± 6.9 years, weight: 70.9 ± 13.1 kg, and height: 163.5 ± 7.4 cm) completed an incremental load test up to one-repetition maximum in the box squat exercise. The MV, MPV, and the PV were measured during the concentric phase of each repetition with a linear velocity transducer. These measurements were analyzed by regression models using LA and PA. Strong correlations of MV with %1RM (R = 0.903/0.904; the standard error of the estimate (SEE) = 0.05 ms by LA/PA) and MPV (R = 0.900; SEE = 0.06 ms by LA and PA) were observed. In contrast, PV showed a weaker association with %1RM (R = 0.704; SEE = 0.15 ms by LA and PA). The MV and MPV of 1RM was 0.22 ± 0.04 m·s, whereas the PV at 1RM was 0.63 ± 0.18 ms. These findings suggest that the use of MV to prescribe relative loads during resistance training, as well as LA and PA regression models, accurately predicted velocities for each %1RM. Assessing and prescribing resistance exercises during breast cancer rehabilitation can be facilitated through the monitoring of movement velocity.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Resistance Training; Muscle Strength; Adult; Cancer Survivors; Exercise Therapy
PubMed: 38956790
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12130 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2024Physical activity (PA) during childhood and adolescence is important for the accrual of maximal peak bone mass. The precise dose that benefits bone remains unclear as...
Physical activity (PA) during childhood and adolescence is important for the accrual of maximal peak bone mass. The precise dose that benefits bone remains unclear as methods commonly used to analyze PA data are unsuitable for measuring bone-relevant PA. Using improved accelerometry methods, this study identified the amount and intensity of PA most strongly associated with bone outcomes in 11-12-year-olds. Participants (n = 770; 382 boys) underwent tibial peripheral quantitative computed tomography to assess trabecular and cortical density, endosteal and periosteal circumference and polar stress-strain index. Seven-day wrist-worn raw acceleration data averaged over 1-s epochs was used to estimate time accumulated above incremental PA intensities (50 milli-gravitational unit (mg) increments from 200 to 3000 mg). Associations between time spent above each 50 mg increment and bone outcomes were assessed using multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, maturity, socioeconomic position, muscle cross-sectional area and PA below the intensity of interest. There was a gradual increase in mean R change across all bone-related outcomes as the intensity increased in 50 mg increments from >200 to >700 mg. All outcomes became significant at >700 mg (R change = 0.6%-1.3% and p = 0.001-0.02). Any further increases in intensity led to a reduction in mean R change and associations became non-significant for all outcomes >1500 mg. Using more appropriate accelerometry methods (1-s epochs; no a priori application of traditional cut-points) enabled us to identify that ∼10 min/day of PA >700 mg (equivalent to running ∼10 km/h) was positively associated with pQCT-derived measures of bone density, geometry and strength in 11-12-year-olds.
Topics: Humans; Child; Accelerometry; Male; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Exercise; Bone Density; Australia; Tibia; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Wrist
PubMed: 38956788
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12122 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2024Improving peak oxygen uptake (V̇O) and maximal strength are key objectives of rehabilitation for patients with unspecific musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Although... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Aerobic high-intensity interval training and maximal strength training in patients with unspecific musculoskeletal disorders improve V̇O and maximal strength more than moderate training.
Improving peak oxygen uptake (V̇O) and maximal strength are key objectives of rehabilitation for patients with unspecific musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Although high-intensity training yield superior outcomes for these factors, patients with MSDs may not tolerate high-intensity due to pain and fear. Therefore, we examined the effect and feasibility of incorporating aerobic high-intensity intervals (HIITs) and maximal strength training (MST) in a standard clinical rehabilitation program for patients with unspecific MSDs. 73 patients (45 ± 10 years) with MSDs partaking in a standard, public, and 4-week rehabilitation program were randomized to high-intensity training (HG: 4 × 4 minutes intervals at ∼90% of maximal heart rate; HR, and 4 × 4 repetitions leg press at ∼90% of 1 repetition maximum; 1RM, with maximal intended velocity) or keep todays treatment of low-to moderate-intensity training (MG: various cycling, walking, and/or running activities at ∼70%-80% of HR and 3 × 8 - 10 repetitions leg press at ∼75% of 1RM without maximal intended velocity). HG improved V̇O (12 ± 7%) and leg press 1RM (43 ± 34%) more than moderate-intensity group (V̇O; 5 ± 6%, 1RM; 19 ± 18%, both p < 0.001). We observed that no adverse events and no between-group differences in dropout rate or self-reported quality of life (both p > 0.05). There were positive correlations between improved V̇O and improved physical (p = 0.024) and emotional (0.016) role functioning. We conclude that both high-intensity interval training and MST are feasible and improve V̇O and maximal strength more than standard low-to moderate-intensity treatment of patients with unspecific MSDs. Our findings suggest that high-intensity training should be implemented as a part of standard clinical care of this patient population.
Topics: Humans; High-Intensity Interval Training; Male; Resistance Training; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Female; Adult; Oxygen Consumption; Musculoskeletal Diseases; Heart Rate
PubMed: 38956785
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12126 -
European Journal of Sport Science Jul 2024The purpose of this study was firstly to examine the sensitivity of heart rate (HR)-based and subjective monitoring markers to intensified endurance training; and...
The purpose of this study was firstly to examine the sensitivity of heart rate (HR)-based and subjective monitoring markers to intensified endurance training; and secondly, to investigate the validity of these markers to distinguish individuals in different fatigue states. A total of 24 recreational runners performed a 3-week baseline period, a 2-week overload period, and a 1-week recovery period. Performance was assessed before and after each period with a 3000m running test. Recovery was monitored with daily orthostatic tests, nocturnal HR recordings, questionnaires, and exercise data. The participants were divided into subgroups (overreached/OR, n = 8; responders/RESP, n = 12) based on the changes in performance and subjective recovery. The responses to the second week of the overload period were compared between the subgroups. RESP improved their baseline 3000 m time (p < 0.001) after the overload period (-2.5 ± 1.0%), and the change differed (p < 0.001) from OR (0.6 ± 1.2%). The changes in nocturnal HR (OR 3.2 ± 3.1%; RESP -2.8 ± 3.7%, p = 0.002) and HR variability (OR -0.7 ± 1.8%; RESP 2.1 ± 1.6%, p = 0.011) differed between the subgroups. In addition, the decrease in subjective readiness to train (p = 0.009) and increase in soreness of the legs (p = 0.04) were greater in OR compared to RESP. Nocturnal HR, readiness to train, and exercise-derived HR-running power index had ≥85% positive and negative predictive values in the discrimination between OR and RESP individuals. In conclusion, exercise tolerance can vary substantially in recreational runners. The results supported the usefulness of nocturnal HR and subjective recovery assessments in recognizing fatigue states.
Topics: Humans; Heart Rate; Running; Adult; Male; Fatigue; Female; Young Adult; Endurance Training; Surveys and Questionnaires; Physical Endurance; Exercise Test
PubMed: 38956784
DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12115 -
International Neurourology Journal Jun 2024We aimed to evaluate the effect of self-training using a virtual reality head-mounted display simulator on the acquisition of surgical skills for holmium laser...
PURPOSE
We aimed to evaluate the effect of self-training using a virtual reality head-mounted display simulator on the acquisition of surgical skills for holmium laser enucleation surgery.
METHODS
Thirteen medical students without surgical skills for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate were trained using multimedia to learn the technique via simulator manipulation. Thereafter, participants performed the technique on a virtual benign prostatic hyperplasia model A (test A). After a 1-week wash-out period, they underwent self-training using a simulator and performed the technique on model B (test B). Subsequently, participants were asked to respond to Training Satisfaction Questions. Video footage of hand movements and endoscope view were recorded during tests A and B for later review by 2 expert surgeons. A 20-step Assessment Checklist, 6-domain Global Rating Scale, and a Pass Rating were used to compare performance on tests A and B.
RESULTS
Thirteen participants completed both tests A and B. The 20-step Assessment Checklist and 6-domain Global Rating Scale evaluation results showed significantly improved scores in test B than in test A (P<0.05). No evaluator rated participants as passed after test A, but 11 participants (84.6%) passed after test B. Ten participants (76.9%) indicated that the simulator was helpful in acquiring surgical skills for holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.
CONCLUSION
The virtual reality head-mounted display holmium laser enucleation of the prostate simulator was effective for surgical skill training. This simulator may help to shorten the learning curve of this technique in real clinical practice in the future.
PubMed: 38956773
DOI: 10.5213/inj.2448042.021 -
BMC Sports Science, Medicine &... Jul 2024The aim of the study was to determine the role of isometric strength and range of motion in predicting Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores of adults. A total of 120...
The aim of the study was to determine the role of isometric strength and range of motion in predicting Functional Movement Screen (FMS) scores of adults. A total of 120 participants (age = 34.62 ± 11.82 years; height = 170.56 ± 9.63 cm; weight = 73.62 ± 15.39 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. Anthropometric measurements were performed, including height, body weight, muscle mass, and body fat. Following this, the ranges of motion of the shoulder, hip, knee, and ankle joints were measured sequentially. Isometric strength and FMS tests were then performed. Hip extension isometric strength explained 23% of the variation in FMS. The common effect of knee flexion, shoulder flexion, and dorsiflexion joint range of motion explained 34% of the change in FMS (F = 20.375, p < 0.001). A significant relationship (R = 0.658, R = 0.413) was found between hip extension isometric strength, knee flexion, shoulder flexion, and dorsiflexion range of motion and FMS (F = 21.952, p < 0.001). The common effect of all these variables explains 43% of the change in FMS. The results indicate that the FMS test scores, which are utilized to evaluate the risk of injury in sedentary adults, can be significantly predicted by the effect of hip extension isometric strength and parameters related to knee flexion, shoulder flexion, and dorsiflexion joint range of motion. At this time, it is advised that range of motion and isometric strength be taken into account when determining a person's functional movement capacity.
PubMed: 38956714
DOI: 10.1186/s13102-024-00935-0 -
Hereditas Jul 2024Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor of the nasopharyngeal mucosa with a high incidence rate all over the world. Methyltransferase-like 14...
BACKGROUND
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor of the nasopharyngeal mucosa with a high incidence rate all over the world. Methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14) is a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase implicated in tumor progression by regulating RNA function. This study is designed to explore the biological function and mechanism of METTL14 in NPC.
METHODS
METTL14 and Amine oxidase copper containing 1 (AOC1) expression were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The protein levels of METTL14, AOC1, Cyclin D1, B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and N-cadherin were measured using western blot. Cell proliferation, cycle progression, apoptosis, migration, and invasion were assessed using 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), Colony formation, flow cytometry, wound scratch, and transwell assays. The interaction between METTL14 and AOC1 was verified using RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), methylated RNA immunoprecipitation (MeRIP), and dual-luciferase reporter assays. The biological role of METTL14 on NPC tumor growth was examined by the xenograft tumor model in vivo.
RESULTS
METTL14 and AOC1 were highly expressed in NPC tissues and cells. Moreover, METTL14 knockdown might block NPC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and induce cell apoptosis in vitro. In mechanism, METTL14 might enhance the stability of AOC1 mRNA via m6A methylation. METTL14 silencing might repress NPC tumor growth in vivo.
CONCLUSION
METTL14 might boosted the development of NPC cells partly by regulating the stability of AOC1 mRNA, which provided a promising therapeutic target for NPC treatment.
Topics: Humans; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Methyltransferases; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Animals; RNA Stability; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; RNA, Messenger; Apoptosis; Mice; Cell Movement; Disease Progression; Male; Female
PubMed: 38956710
DOI: 10.1186/s41065-024-00317-z