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Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The umbilical or L3 vertebral body level is often used for body fat quantification using computed tomography. To explore the feasibility of using clinically acquired...
The umbilical or L3 vertebral body level is often used for body fat quantification using computed tomography. To explore the feasibility of using clinically acquired pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for visceral fat measurement, we examined the correlation of visceral fat parameters at the umbilical and L5 vertebral body levels. We retrospectively analyzed T2-weighted half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo (HASTE) MR axial images from Crohn's disease patients who underwent MRI enterography of the abdomen and pelvis over a three-year period. We determined the area/volume of subcutaneous and visceral fat from the umbilical and L5 levels and calculated the visceral fat ratio (VFR = visceral fat/subcutaneous fat) and visceral fat index (VFI = visceral fat/total fat). Statistical analyses involved correlation analysis between both levels, inter-rater analysis between two investigators, and inter-platform analysis between two image-analysis platforms. Correlational analysis of 32 patients yielded significant associations for VFI (r = 0.85; < 0.0001) and VFR (r = 0.74; < 0.0001). Intraclass coefficients for VFI and VFR were 0.846 and 0.875 (good agreement) between investigators and 0.831 and 0.728 (good and moderate agreement) between platforms. Our study suggests that the L5 level on clinically acquired pelvic MRIs may serve as a reference point for visceral fat quantification.
PubMed: 38927764
DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11060528 -
Biology May 2024The swimming performance of cultured finfish species is typically studied under steady flow conditions. However, flow conditions are mostly unsteady, for instance, as...
The swimming performance of cultured finfish species is typically studied under steady flow conditions. However, flow conditions are mostly unsteady, for instance, as experienced in sea pens in exposed sea areas. Using a Loligo swim tunnel, we investigated the effects of swimming in steady and unsteady flows at increasing swimming speeds on post-smolt Atlantic salmon. Oxygen consumption (MO), locomotory behaviour, and overall dynamic body acceleration (ODBA), as determined with implanted acoustic sensor tags, were compared between both flow conditions. Results were obtained for mean swimming speeds of 0.2 to 0.8 m.s under both flow conditions. Sensor tags that were implanted in the abdominal cavity had no significant effects on MO and locomotory parameters. The MO of fish swimming in unsteady flows was significantly higher (15-53%) than when swimming in steady flows ( < 0.05). Significant interaction effects of ODBA with flow conditions and swimming speed were found. ODBA was strongly and positively correlated with swimming speed and MO in unsteady flow (R = 0.94 and R = 0.93, respectively) and in steady flow (R = 0.91 and R = 0.82, respectively). ODBA predicts MO well over the investigated range of swimming speeds in both flow conditions. In an unsteady flow condition, ODBA increased twice as fast with MO compared with steady flow conditions ( < 0.05). From these results, we can conclude that (1) swimming in unsteady flow is energetically more costly for post-smolt Atlantic salmon than swimming in steady flow, as indicated by higher MO, and (2) ODBA can be used to estimate the oxygen consumption of post-smolt Atlantic salmon in unsteady flow in swim tunnels.
PubMed: 38927273
DOI: 10.3390/biology13060393 -
Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi Jun 2024To screen interleukin (IL)-1β secretion-related membrane transporters by macrophage experiment and conventional knockout mice.
OBJECTIVE
To screen interleukin (IL)-1β secretion-related membrane transporters by macrophage experiment and conventional knockout mice.
METHODS
THP-1 cell line was differentiated to obtain human THP-1-derived macrophages, and the primary macrophages were obtained from human peripheral blood. wild-type mice with the same sex and age were used as the controls of knockout mice. The macrophages in abdominal cavity and bone marrow of mice were cultivated. The cells were treated with ABCC1/MRP1, ABCG2/BCRP, ABCB1/P-gp, OATP1B1, and MATE transporter inhibitors, then stimulated by lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate. The secretion level of IL-1β was detected by ELISA, Western blot, and immunofluorescence.
RESULTS
After inhibiting ABCC1/MRP1 transporter, the secretion of IL-1β decreased significantly, while inhibition of the other 4 transporters had no effect. In animal experiment, the level of IL-1β secreted by macrophages in bone marrow of knockout mice was significantly lower than control group ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
ABCC1/MRP1 transporter is a newly discovered IL-1β secretion pathway, which is expected to become a new target for solving clinical problems such as cytokine release syndrome.
Topics: Interleukin-1beta; Mice; Animals; Humans; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Mice, Knockout; Macrophages; Down-Regulation; THP-1 Cells; Lipopolysaccharides
PubMed: 38926988
DOI: 10.19746/j.cnki.issn.1009-2137.2024.03.040 -
BMC Medical Imaging Jun 2024To assess the improvement of image quality and diagnostic acceptance of thinner slice iodine maps enabled by deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in abdominal...
Deep learning image reconstruction generates thinner slice iodine maps with improved image quality to increase diagnostic acceptance and lesion conspicuity: a prospective study on abdominal dual-energy CT.
BACKGROUND
To assess the improvement of image quality and diagnostic acceptance of thinner slice iodine maps enabled by deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) in abdominal dual-energy CT (DECT).
METHODS
This study prospectively included 104 participants with 136 lesions. Four series of iodine maps were generated based on portal-venous scans of contrast-enhanced abdominal DECT: 5-mm and 1.25-mm using adaptive statistical iterative reconstruction-V (Asir-V) with 50% blending (AV-50), and 1.25-mm using DLIR with medium (DLIR-M), and high strength (DLIR-H). The iodine concentrations (IC) and their standard deviations of nine anatomical sites were measured, and the corresponding coefficient of variations (CV) were calculated. Noise-power-spectrum (NPS) and edge-rise-slope (ERS) were measured. Five radiologists rated image quality in terms of image noise, contrast, sharpness, texture, and small structure visibility, and evaluated overall diagnostic acceptability of images and lesion conspicuity.
RESULTS
The four reconstructions maintained the IC values unchanged in nine anatomical sites (all p > 0.999). Compared to 1.25-mm AV-50, 1.25-mm DLIR-M and DLIR-H significantly reduced CV values (all p < 0.001) and presented lower noise and noise peak (both p < 0.001). Compared to 5-mm AV-50, 1.25-mm images had higher ERS (all p < 0.001). The difference of the peak and average spatial frequency among the four reconstructions was relatively small but statistically significant (both p < 0.001). The 1.25-mm DLIR-M images were rated higher than the 5-mm and 1.25-mm AV-50 images for diagnostic acceptability and lesion conspicuity (all P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
DLIR may facilitate the thinner slice thickness iodine maps in abdominal DECT for improvement of image quality, diagnostic acceptability, and lesion conspicuity.
Topics: Humans; Deep Learning; Prospective Studies; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Contrast Media; Aged; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Radiography, Abdominal; Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection; Adult; Iodine; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38926711
DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01334-0 -
World Journal of Emergency Surgery :... Jun 2024Monitoring Intraabdominal Pressure (IAP) is essential in critical care, as elevated IAP can lead to severe complications, including Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS)....
BACKGROUND
Monitoring Intraabdominal Pressure (IAP) is essential in critical care, as elevated IAP can lead to severe complications, including Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS). Advances in technology, such as digital capsules, have opened new avenues for measuring IAP non-invasively. This study assesses the feasibility and effectiveness of using a capsular device for IAP measurement in an animal model.
METHOD
In our controlled experiment, we anesthetized pigs and simulated elevated IAP conditions by infusing CO2 into the peritoneal cavity. We compared IAP measurements obtained from three different methods: an intravesical catheter (IAP), a capsular device (IAP), and a direct peritoneal catheter (IAP). The data from these methods were analyzed to evaluate agreement and accuracy.
RESULTS
The capsular sensor (IAP) provided continuous and accurate detection of IAP over 144 h, with a total of 53,065,487 measurement triplets recorded. The correlation coefficient (R²) between IAP and IAP was excellent at 0.9241, demonstrating high agreement. Similarly, IAP and IAP showed strong correlation with an R² of 0.9168.
CONCLUSION
The use of capsular sensors for continuous and accurate assessment of IAP marks a significant advancement in the field of critical care monitoring. The high correlation between measurements from different locations and methods underscores the potential of capsular devices to transform clinical practices by providing reliable, non-invasive IAP monitoring.
Topics: Animals; Swine; Intra-Abdominal Hypertension; Feasibility Studies; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pressure; Abdominal Cavity; Reproducibility of Results; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 38926694
DOI: 10.1186/s13017-024-00553-8 -
Techniques in Coloproctology Jun 2024Large tissue defects following pelvic exenteration (PE) fill with fluid and small bowel, leading to the empty pelvis syndrome (EPS). EPS causes a constellation of...
BACKGROUND
Large tissue defects following pelvic exenteration (PE) fill with fluid and small bowel, leading to the empty pelvis syndrome (EPS). EPS causes a constellation of complications including pelvic sepsis and reduced quality of life. EPS remains poorly defined and cannot be objectively measured. Pathophysiology of EPS is multifactorial, with increased pelvic dead space potentially important. This study aims to describe methodology to objectively measure volumetric changes relating to EPS.
METHODS
The true pelvis is defined by the pelvic inlet and outlet. Within the true pelvis there is physiological pelvic dead space (PDS) between the peritoneal reflection and the inlet. This dead space is increased following PE and is defined as the exenteration pelvic dead space (EPD). EPD may be reduced with pelvic filling and the volume of filling is defined as the pelvic filling volume (PFV). PDS, EPD, and PFV were measured intraoperatively using a bladder syringe, and Archimedes' water displacement principle.
RESULTS
A patient undergoing total infralevator PE had a PDS of 50 ml. A rectus flap rendered the pelvic outlet watertight. EPD was then measured as 540 ml. Therefore there was a 10.8-fold increase in true pelvis dead space. An omentoplasty was placed into the EPD, displacing 130 ml; therefore, PFV as a percentage of EPD was 24.1%.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first reported quantitative assessment of pathophysiological volumetric changes of pelvic dead space; these measurements may correlate to severity of EPS. PDS, EPD, and PFV should be amendable to assessment based on perioperative cross-sectional imaging, allowing for potential prediction of EPS-related outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Pelvic Exenteration; Pelvis; Female; Postoperative Complications; Syndrome; Middle Aged; Omentum
PubMed: 38926191
DOI: 10.1007/s10151-024-02952-0 -
BMJ Case Reports Jun 2024Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital anomaly involving the herniation of intra-abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. Hepatopulmonary fusion...
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a congenital anomaly involving the herniation of intra-abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. Hepatopulmonary fusion (HPF), an exceedingly rare subtype mainly associated with right-sided CDH, presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This case report describes a male infant with right-sided CDH complicated by HPF. The intricate anatomical anomaly involved the fusion of the right lung to the liver, posing challenges during surgical separation. The patient experienced postoperative complications, including prolonged ventilation, tracheostomy and pulmonary issues, which led to a prolonged hospital stay. Intraoperative challenges stem from the absence of demarcation between lung and liver tissues and abnormal vascular structures. In summary, managing HPF in right-sided CDH necessitates a customised, multidisciplinary approach to optimise patient outcomes, highlighting the need for ongoing research to refine understanding and treatment strategies.
Topics: Humans; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; Male; Liver; Infant, Newborn; Lung; Postoperative Complications
PubMed: 38926130
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2024-260486 -
The Urologic Clinics of North America Aug 2024
Topics: Lymph Node Excision; Humans; History, 20th Century; Retroperitoneal Space; History, 21st Century
PubMed: 38925746
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2024.05.002 -
The Urologic Clinics of North America Aug 2024Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) has been an integral part of a multimodal treatment strategy in testicular cancer. Surgeons, over the last decade, have... (Review)
Review
Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) has been an integral part of a multimodal treatment strategy in testicular cancer. Surgeons, over the last decade, have advanced the understanding of RPLND by adopting perioperative care pathways, innovative biomarkers, surgical techniques, and developing algorithms for managing complications. This review summarizes updates on various aspects including the enhanced recovery after surgery pathway, imaging techniques, surgical approaches, dissection templates, and the management of complications. We conclude that RPLND has undergone significant evolution and refinement in the modern era and will continue to hold a critical role in the care of patients with testicular cancer.
Topics: Humans; Lymph Node Excision; Retroperitoneal Space; Testicular Neoplasms; Male; Perioperative Care; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal
PubMed: 38925743
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2024.03.009 -
The Urologic Clinics of North America Aug 2024Penile cancer with bulky inguinal metastasis has a high probability of harboring pathologically involved lymph nodes best managed in a multidisciplinary care setting.... (Review)
Review
Penile cancer with bulky inguinal metastasis has a high probability of harboring pathologically involved lymph nodes best managed in a multidisciplinary care setting. Appropriate staging with cross-sectional imaging and fine-needle aspirate cytology of suspicious nodes guide decision-making for the use of platinum-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by inguinal lymph node dissection. Surgical resection plays an important diagnostic, therapeutic, and guiding role in disease management. Patients with adverse pathologic features, especially those with extranodal disease extension, may derive additional benefit from adjuvant radiotherapy.
Topics: Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Inguinal Canal; Male; Penile Neoplasms; Lymph Node Excision; Lymph Nodes; Pelvis; Neoplasm Staging
PubMed: 38925736
DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2024.03.012