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International Journal of Environmental... May 2024In addition to the inherent challenges of their condition, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are also susceptible to the global obesity epidemic. However,...
BACKGROUND
In addition to the inherent challenges of their condition, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are also susceptible to the global obesity epidemic. However, concerning the prevalence of obesity within the Moroccan ASD pediatric population, data remain scarce.
METHODS
A total of 258 children (boys = 195) aged 6 to 12 years old (mean = 9.4 ± 1.4) diagnosed with ASD participated in this study. Besides the body mass and height, four significant anthropometric markers for assessing obesity were examined: body mass index (BMI), body surface area (BSA), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Each anthropometric marker was categorized into one of three cardiometabolic risk levels based on the Z-scores and their corresponding percentiles. The distribution was as follows: low risk (≤84th percentile), high risk (85th-94th percentile), and very high risk (≥95th percentile). Subsequently, a multiple regression analysis was employed to develop an algorithm that generates a composite risk score. This score incorporates all the anthropometric variables simultaneously, while also weighting their individual contributions to the cardiometabolic risk.
RESULTS
Children with ASD exhibit an anthropometric profile that markedly increases their susceptibility to cardiometabolic issues. While roughly 11% of the general Moroccan child population is overweight or obese, this figure soars to nearly 60% among children with ASD when considering the central adiposity markers. Furthermore, children from middle-class socioeconomic backgrounds display a more than threefold greater risk of developing overweight or obesity compared to their counterparts from lower socioeconomic backgrounds.
CONCLUSIONS
This study has, for the first time, provided an up-to-date overview of the cardiometabolic risk in Moroccan children with ASD using traditional anthropometric measurements. The primary risk factor is clearly linked to central (abdominal) adiposity, which is recognized as the most deleterious. This study highlights the need to include general and central obesity markers. This study underscores the importance of incorporating both general and central adiposity markers for a more comprehensive assessment, and it emphasizes the need for closer monitoring within this high-risk population.
Topics: Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Male; Female; Morocco; Child; Prevalence; Overweight; Anthropometry; Socioeconomic Factors; Pediatric Obesity; Waist Circumference; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38928918
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21060672 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The role of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) in metabolic syndrome remains unclear. We aimed to assess the expression of selected microRNAs in Ad-MSCs of...
The role of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs) in metabolic syndrome remains unclear. We aimed to assess the expression of selected microRNAs in Ad-MSCs of non-diabetic adults in relation to Ad-MSC secretion of protein regulators and basic metabolic parameters. Ten obese, eight overweight, and five normal weight subjects were enrolled: 19 females and 4 males; aged 43.0 ± 8.9 years. Ad-MSCs were harvested from abdominal subcutaneous fat. Ad-MSC cellular expressions of four microRNAs (2 values) and concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, VEGF, and IGF-1 in the Ad-MSC-conditioned medium were assessed. The expressions of miR-21, miR-122, or miR-192 did not correlate with clinical parameters (age, sex, BMI, visceral fat, HOMA-IR, fasting glycemia, HbA1c, serum lipids, CRP, and eGFR). Conversely, the expression of miR-155 was lowest in obese subjects (3.69 ± 2.67 × 10 vs. 7.07 ± 4.42 × 10 in overweight and 10.25 ± 7.05 × 10 in normal weight ones, = 0.04). The expression of miR-155 correlated inversely with BMI (sex-adjusted r = -0.64; < 0.01), visceral adiposity (r = -0.49; = 0.03), and serum CRP (r = -0.63; < 0.01), whereas it correlated positively with serum HDL cholesterol (r = 0.51; = 0.02). Moreover, miR-155 synthesis was associated marginally negatively with Ad-MSC secretion of IGF-1 (r = -0.42; = 0.05), and positively with that of IL-10 (r = 0.40; = 0.06). Ad-MSC expression of miR-155 appears blunted in visceral obesity, which correlates with Ad-MSC IGF-1 hypersecretion and IL-10 hyposecretion, systemic microinflammation, and HDL dyslipidemia. Ad-MSC studies in metabolic syndrome should focus on miR-155.
Topics: Humans; MicroRNAs; Female; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Adult; Middle Aged; Adipose Tissue; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Obesity; Interleukin-10; Gene Expression Regulation; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
PubMed: 38928349
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126644 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2024The identification of pediatric appendicitis is challenging due to the lack of specific markers thereby several factors are included in the diagnostic process such as...
The identification of pediatric appendicitis is challenging due to the lack of specific markers thereby several factors are included in the diagnostic process such as abdominal pain, ultrasonography and altered laboratory parameters (C reactive protein, absolute neutrophil cell number and white blood cell number). The glycosylation pattern of serum N-glycome was analyzed in this study of 38 controls and 40 patients with pediatric appendicitis. The glycans were released by enzymatic deglycosylation followed by fluorescent labeling and solid-phase extraction. The prepared samples were analyzed by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass-spectrometric detection. The generated data were analyzed by multiple statistical tests involving the most important laboratory parameters as well. Significant differences associated with the examined patient groups were revealed suggesting the potential use of glycosylation analysis supporting the detection of pediatric appendicitis.
Topics: Humans; Glycosylation; Appendicitis; Child; Male; Female; Adolescent; Polysaccharides; Biomarkers; Child, Preschool
PubMed: 38928139
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126432 -
Journal of Health, Population, and... Jun 2024There is a major epidemic of obesity, and many obese patients suffer from respiratory symptoms and disease. However, limited research explores the associations between...
PURPOSE
There is a major epidemic of obesity, and many obese patients suffer from respiratory symptoms and disease. However, limited research explores the associations between abdominal obesity and lung function indices, yielding mixed results. This study aims to analyze the association between waist circumference (WC), an easily measurable marker of abdominal obesity, and lung function parameters in middle-aged and older adults using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).
METHODS
This study utilized data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 2007 to 2012, with a total sample size of 6089 individuals. A weighted multiple regression analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between WC and three pulmonary function parameters. Additionally, a weighted generalized additive model and smooth curve fitting were applied to capture any potential nonlinear relationship within this association.
RESULTS
After considering all confounding variables, it was observed that for each unit increase in WC, in males, Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) increased by 23.687 ml, Forced Expiratory Volume in one second (FEV1) increased by 12.029 ml, and the FEV1/FVC ratio decreased by 0.140%. In females, an increase in waist circumference by one unit resulted in an FVC increase of 6.583 ml and an FEV1 increase of 4.453 ml. In the overall population, each unit increase in waist circumference led to a FVC increase of 12.014 ml, an FEV1 increase of 6.557 ml, and a decrease in the FEV1/FVC ratio by 0.076%. By constructing a smooth curve, we identified a positive correlation between waist circumference and FVC and FEV1. Conversely, there was a negative correlation between waist circumference and the FEV1/FVC ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that in the fully adjusted model, waist circumference, independent of BMI, positively correlates with FVC and FEV1 while exhibiting a negative correlation with FEV1/FVC among middle-aged and older adults in the United States. These results underscore the importance of considering abdominal obesity as a potential factor influencing lung function in American middle-aged and older adults.
Topics: Humans; Male; Waist Circumference; Female; Nutrition Surveys; Middle Aged; United States; Aged; Obesity, Abdominal; Lung; Vital Capacity; Forced Expiratory Volume; Respiratory Function Tests; Cross-Sectional Studies; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38926790
DOI: 10.1186/s41043-024-00592-6 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Jun 2024Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a novel predictor index of central lipid accumulation associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Gender-specific accuracy of lipid accumulation product index for the screening of metabolic syndrome in general adults: a meta-analysis and comparative analysis with other adiposity indicators.
BACKGROUND
Lipid accumulation product (LAP) is a novel predictor index of central lipid accumulation associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the accuracy of LAP for the screening of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in general adult males and females and its comparison with other lipid-related indicators.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ProQuest for eligible studies up to May 8, 2024. Outcomes were pooled mean difference (MD), odds ratio (OR), and diagnostic accuracy parameters (sensitivity, specificity, and area under the summary receiver operating characteristic [AUSROC] curve). Comparative analysis was conducted using Z-test.
RESULTS
Forty-three studies involving 202,313 participants (98,164 males and 104,149 females) were included. Pooled MD analysis showed that LAP was 45.92 (P < 0.001) and 41.70 units (P < 0.001) higher in men and women with MetS, respectively. LAP was also significantly associated with MetS, with pooled ORs of 1.07 (P < 0.001) in men and 1.08 (P < 0.001) in women. In men, LAP could detect MetS with a pooled sensitivity of 85% (95% CI: 82%-87%), specificity of 81% (95% CI: 80%-83%), and AUSROC curve of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.90), while in women, LAP had a sensitivity of 83% (95% CI: 80%-86%), specificity of 80% (95% CI: 78%-82%), and AUSROC curve of 0.88 (95% CI: 0.85-0.91). LAP had a significantly higher AUSROC curve (P < 0.05) for detecting MetS compared to body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), conicity index (CI) in both genders, and waist circumference (WC) and abdominal volume index (AVI) in females.
CONCLUSION
LAP may serve as a simple, cost-effective, and more accurate screening tool for MetS in general adult male and female populations.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Female; Male; Lipid Accumulation Product; Adiposity; Adult; ROC Curve; Mass Screening; Sex Factors; Waist Circumference
PubMed: 38926783
DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02190-1 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2024The study of muscle mass as an imaging-derived phenotype (IDP) may yield new insights into determining the normal and pathologic variations in muscle mass in the...
The study of muscle mass as an imaging-derived phenotype (IDP) may yield new insights into determining the normal and pathologic variations in muscle mass in the population. This can be done by determining 3D abdominal muscle mass from 12 distinct abdominal muscle regions and groups using computed tomography (CT) in a racially diverse medical biobank. To develop a fully automatic technique for assessment of CT abdominal muscle IDPs and preliminarily determine abdominal muscle IDP variations with age and sex in a clinically and racially diverse medical biobank. This retrospective study was conducted using the Penn Medicine BioBank (PMBB), a research protocol that recruits adult participants during outpatient visits at hospitals in the Penn Medicine network. We developed a deep residual U-Net (ResUNet) to segment 12 abdominal muscle groups including the left and right psoas, quadratus lumborum, erector spinae, gluteus medius, rectus abdominis, and lateral abdominals. 110 CT studies were randomly selected for training, validation, and testing. 44 of the 110 CT studies were selected to enrich the dataset with representative cases of intra-abdominal and abdominal wall pathology. The studies were divided into non-overlapping training, validation and testing sets. Model performance was evaluated using the Sørensen-Dice coefficient. Volumes of individual muscle groups were plotted to distribution curves. To investigate associations between muscle IDPs, age, and sex, deep learning model segmentations were performed on a larger abdominal CT dataset from PMBB consisting of 295 studies. Multivariable models were used to determine relationships between muscle mass, age and sex. The model's performance (Dice scores) on the test data was the following: psoas: 0.85 ± 0.12, quadratus lumborum: 0.72 ± 0.14, erector spinae: 0.92 ± 0.07, gluteus medius: 0.90 ± 0.08, rectus abdominis: 0.85 ± 0.08, lateral abdominals: 0.85 ± 0.09. The average Dice score across all muscle groups was 0.86 ± 0.11. Average total muscle mass for females was 2041 ± 560.7 g with a high of 2256 ± 560.1 g (41-50 year old cohort) and a change of - 0.96 g/year, declining to an average mass of 1579 ± 408.8 g (81-100 year old cohort). Average total muscle mass for males was 3086 ± 769.1 g with a high of 3385 ± 819.3 g (51-60 year old cohort) and a change of - 1.73 g/year, declining to an average mass of 2629 ± 536.7 g (81-100 year old cohort). Quadratus lumborum was most highly correlated with age for both sexes (correlation coefficient of - 0.5). Gluteus medius mass in females was positively correlated with age with a coefficient of 0.22. These preliminary findings show that our CNN can automate detailed abdominal muscle volume measurement. Unlike prior efforts, this technique provides 3D muscle segmentations of individual muscles. This technique will dramatically impact sarcopenia diagnosis and research, elucidating its clinical and public health implications. Our results suggest a peak age range for muscle mass and an expected rate of decline, both of which vary between genders. Future goals are to investigate genetic variants for sarcopenia and malnutrition, while describing genotype-phenotype associations of muscle mass in healthy humans using imaging-derived phenotypes. It is feasible to obtain 3D abdominal muscle IDPs with high accuracy from patients in a medical biobank using fully automated machine learning methods. Abdominal muscle IDPs showed significant variations in lean mass by age and sex. In the future, this tool can be leveraged to perform a genome-wide association study across the medical biobank and determine genetic variants associated with early or accelerated muscle wasting.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Middle Aged; Adult; Phenotype; Retrospective Studies; Aged; Abdominal Muscles; Biological Specimen Banks; Age Factors; Sex Factors; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 38926479
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64603-6 -
Annals of Surgical Oncology Jun 2024Surgery is the only curative treatment for retrohepatic inferior vena cava (r-IVC) leiomyosarcoma. Cavo-hepatic confluence invasion is a poor prognostic situation,...
Ex Situ Liver Resection and Autotransplantation with Retrohepatic Inferior Vena Cava Reconstruction and Atrial Thrombectomy Under Extracorporeal Circulation for Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyosarcoma.
BACKGROUND
Surgery is the only curative treatment for retrohepatic inferior vena cava (r-IVC) leiomyosarcoma. Cavo-hepatic confluence invasion is a poor prognostic situation, requiring extreme liver surgery for selected patients to achieve R margins (a crucial prognostic factor). Ex situ liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA), developed by Pichlmayr et al., permits to achieve such R margin. METHODS: An 84-year-old patient in excellent condition (ECOG 0), without relevant past medical history, was referred for abdominal mass, bilateral lower limbs edema, and dyspnea. Workup revealed a large r-IVC leiomyosarcoma invading cavo-hepatic confluence and protruding in right atrium without any metastasis. After multidisciplinary consultation, surgical treatment was retained. Preoperative transoesophaegal echocardiography confirmed a 4-cm protruding tumoral thrombus in right atrium without abdominalisation possibility.
RESULTS
A sterno-laparotomy was performed, consisting of a right nephrectomy for exposure and en bloc total hepatectomy comprising r-IVC after atriotomy for intracardiac thrombectomy under extracorporeal circulation. Tumorectomy (rIVC + segment I and IX) was performed on back table followed by a r-IVC reconstruction through a tubulized homologous venous patch. Native IVC was reconstructed as well, permitting a side-to-side cavo-caval anastomosis for liver reimplantation. Postoperative evolution was eventless except for an early bile leak that required surgical exploration. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 32. Pathological examination confirmed r-IVC-leiomyosarcoma TNM R, FNCLCC grade 2. Eight months after surgery, general status was conserved with disappearance of symptoms, and IVC was permeable without leiomyosarcoma recurrence.
CONCLUSION
Ex situ liver resection and autotransplantation with atrial thrombectomy is a surgical possibility for R r-IVC leiomyosarcoma invading cavo-hepatic confluence in selected patients.
PubMed: 38926212
DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15622-0 -
PloS One 2024The dual existence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and obesity within a single individual may describe a combined adverse health effects, including impaired quality...
BACKGROUND
The dual existence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and obesity within a single individual may describe a combined adverse health effects, including impaired quality of life and increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Oxidative stress is a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of obesity. Meanwhile, dietary antioxidants may improve the antioxidant defense system and thereby decrease oxidative injury. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is usually used to investigate the potential health effects of dietary antioxidant intake on several oxidative stress induced chronic diseases. This study aimed to examine the association of dietary TAC with obesity-related features in T2DM patients.
METHODS
The present study included 254 type 2 diabetes outpatients with a mean (SD) age of 54.52 (7.21) years and mean (SD) diabetes duration of 8.2 (6.4) years. Data on dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary TAC was estimated by ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) method. Anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle characteristics were all collected.
RESULTS
In linear regression analyses, dietary antioxidant capacity was inversely associated with body mass index (β = -0,231; 95% CI, -0,419 to -0,042), waist circumference (β = -0,427; 95% CI, -0,849 to -0,006) and fat mass percentage (β = -0,328; 95% CI, -0,545 to -0,112) independently of the assessed confounding variables. Interestingly, dietary TAC showed positive and significant associations with vitamin A, vitamin C, β-carotene, magnesium, folic acid and iron intakes, after adjusting for age and daily energy intake.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher intake of dietary TAC was in association with lower indices of general and central obesity in T2DM patients. Therefore, dietary recommendations for counteracting obesity in patients with T2DM should take into account a high dietary TAC.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Middle Aged; Antioxidants; Female; Male; Obesity, Abdominal; Diet; Body Mass Index; Oxidative Stress; Obesity; Waist Circumference; Adult
PubMed: 38924041
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306038 -
PloS One 2024Copper (Cu) homeostasis are important processes in the cause of metabolic diseases, but the association between Cu and obesity remains unclear.
BACKGROUND
Copper (Cu) homeostasis are important processes in the cause of metabolic diseases, but the association between Cu and obesity remains unclear.
METHODS
Participants were drawn from the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Weighted logistic regression assessed the associations of serum Cu concentrations (tertiles) with obesity and central obesity in individuals without comorbidities. Obesity was defined as a BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2, and central obesity was defined as a waist circumference ≥80 cm for women and ≥95 cm for men.
RESULTS
This cross-sectional study included 1,665 adults without comorbidities, representing 24,744,034 people (mean age 35.1 years, 48.5% female). High serum Cu levels (tertile 3: ≥19.19 μmol/L) were associated with higher odds of obesity (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.48, 95% CI[confidence interval]: 2.44-8.32) and central obesity (OR: 2.36, 95% CI: 1.19-4.66) compared to low serum Cu levels (tertile 1: ≤15.64 μmol/L). The dose-response curve showed a nonlinear association between Cu levels and obesity (P-nonlinear = 0.02) and a linear association with central obesity (P-nonlinear = 0.21).
CONCLUSION
This study suggests that higher serum Cu levels are associated with increased odds of obesity in healthy American adults.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Copper; Adult; Nutrition Surveys; Obesity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Middle Aged; Body Mass Index; Waist Circumference; Young Adult; Obesity, Abdominal; United States
PubMed: 38923963
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300795 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2024Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL), also known as MALT lymphoma, is an extranodal multiorgan-invasive proliferative lymphoma...
Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (EMZL), also known as MALT lymphoma, is an extranodal multiorgan-invasive proliferative lymphoma composed of small B cells with variable morphology. It most commonly occurs in the digestive tract, with a high prevalence in the stomach, but EMZL originating in the small intestine is rare and lacks specificity in clinical manifestations, which makes it easy to be misdiagnosed. Herein, we report a rare case of small intestinal EMZL presentation as intussusception in a 32-year-old man. A colonoscopy performed at the local hospital revealed a pedicled polyp about 5 cm × 5 cm in size with a rough surface, and hyperemia was seen in the ileocecal region. He was admitted to our hospital for a polypectomy. A contrast-enhanced computed tomographic (CT) scan suggested ileocolic intussusception, which was subsequently confirmed by a colonoscopy in our hospital. Adult intussusception is relatively rare, with 90% of cases having a known causative mechanism and 40% of cases caused by primary or secondary malignancies. Therefore, we performed a laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy for the patient. The resected specimen showed that the terminal ileum was intussuscepted into the ascending colon, and the intussusception was hyperemia and edema. A 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 1.5 cm mass was seen at the end of the intussusception. Postoperative pathology revealed that the mass was EMZL, partially transformed into a large B-cell lymphoma. The patient was transferred to the hematology department and completed a PET-CT showing postoperative manifestations of primary intestinal lymphoma, Lugano staging IE2. Although EMZL was an indolent lymphoma and the patient was in the early stages, the rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) regimen was given in view of the histological transformation. The patient is in regular follow-up. This was a rare case of small intestinal mass due to EMZL presented as intussusception in adults, which highlighted laparoscopic-assisted enterectomy as a potential therapeutic approach in the multidisciplinary collaborative therapy of small intestine EMZL.
PubMed: 38919535
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1395144