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Frontiers in Public Health 2024We investigated the temporal trends and examined age-, period-, and cohort-specific effects of injury-related deaths among residents in Jiangsu to provide evidence for...
OBJECTIVE
We investigated the temporal trends and examined age-, period-, and cohort-specific effects of injury-related deaths among residents in Jiangsu to provide evidence for future injury prevention.
METHODS
This study included 406,936 injury deaths from the Jiangsu provincial population death registration system. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) was analyzed using joinpoint regression. Age-period-cohort models were generated to explore the effects of age, period, and birth cohort effects on mortality risk.
RESULTS
ASMRs for all injuries (AAPC = -2.3%), road traffic accidents (AAPC = -5.3%), suicide (AAPC = -3.8%), and drowning (AAPC = -3.9%) showed a downward trend during 2012-2021(all < 0.05), while unintentional falls showed an upward trend (AAPC = 5.1%, < 0.05). From 2012 to 2021, the age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) for four primary types of injuries consistently exhibited higher among males compared to females, with rural regions displaying higher ASMRs than urban areas. Trends in ASMRs for road traffic accidents, drowning, and unintentional falls by sex and urban/rural areas were consistent with overall trends. Significant age, cohort, and period effects were identified in the trends of injury-related deaths for both sexes in Jiangsu. The age effect showed that the highest age effect for injury-related deaths was for the ages of 85 years and above, except for suicide, which was for the ages 80-84 years. Between 2012 and 2021, the period effect on road traffic accidents declined, while that on accidental falls increased. Initially, the period effect on suicide decreased but then rose, peaking in 2012 with a Relative Risk (RR) of 1.11 (95% : 1.04-1.19). Similarly, the period effect on drowning initially declined before rising, with the highest effect observed in 2013, at an RR of 1.12 (95% : 1.07-1.19). The highest cohort effects for road traffic accidents were observed in the 1957-1961 group, for accidental falls in the 1952-1956 group, and for both drowning and suicide in the 1927-1931 group.
CONCLUSION
The mortality rate of unintentional falls has been increasing. Older adults are at high risk for the four leading injuries. The improvements in mortality rates can be attributed to advancements in education, urbanization, and the promulgation and implementation of laws and policies.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; China; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Accidents, Traffic; Young Adult; Wounds and Injuries; Infant; Cohort Studies; Aged, 80 and over; Suicide; Drowning; Accidental Falls; Infant, Newborn; Mortality; Rural Population; Age Factors; Cause of Death
PubMed: 38919918
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1373238 -
Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie Jun 2024This study aimed to evaluate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for both all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for both all-cause and cause-specific mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
METHODS
We conducted an extensive search across the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases to identify studies investigating SMRs for all-cause and/or cause-specific mortality in individuals with RA compared to the general population. Subsequently, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis, examining SMRs across various categories, including all-cause, sex-specific, ethnicity-specific, and cause-specific SMRs in RA patients.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies involving 486,098 patients with RA and 63,988 deaths met the inclusion criteria. Patients with RA had a 1.522-fold increase in all-cause SMR (SMR 1.522, 95% CI 1.340-1.704, p < 0.001) compared to the general population. Stratification by ethnicity revealed that the all-cause SMR was 1.575 (95% CI 1.207-1.943) in Caucasians and 1.355 (95% CI 1.140-1.569) in Asians. The gender-specific meta-analysis revealed elevated SMR in both women and men. RA patients exhibited an increased risk of mortality attributed to cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, infection, and cerebrovascular accidents (CVA). However, no significant increase in SMR was observed for mortality due to malignancy.
CONCLUSION
This meta-analysis study highlights a 1.522-fold increase in SMR in patients with RA compared to that in the general population, irrespective of sex or region. Additionally, a notable increase in mortality associated with specific causes, including CVD, respiratory disease, infection, and CVA, underscores the critical need for targeted interventions to manage these heightened risks in patients with RA.
PubMed: 38918258
DOI: 10.1007/s00393-024-01538-3 -
Nursing Jul 2024
Topics: Humans; Drowning; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 38913924
DOI: 10.1097/NSG.0000000000000031 -
Nursing Jul 2024Drowning is the process of respiratory impairment from immersion or submersion in a liquid. Worldwide, approximately 360,000 deaths annually can be attributed to...
Drowning is the process of respiratory impairment from immersion or submersion in a liquid. Worldwide, approximately 360,000 deaths annually can be attributed to drowning. Morbidity and mortality are a result of hypoxia, so the focus during resuscitation should be on airway management and optimizing oxygenation. This article describes several drowning scenarios and discusses appropriate response and treatment algorithms.
Topics: Humans; Drowning; Terminology as Topic; Airway Management; Algorithms
PubMed: 38913923
DOI: 10.1097/NSG.0000000000000023 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2024Traffic accidents on the road is an accident is a terrible accident that causes death, injury, and property damage. However, limited studies were addressed to...
BACKGROUND
Traffic accidents on the road is an accident is a terrible accident that causes death, injury, and property damage. However, limited studies were addressed to investigate the prevalence of traffic accidents on the road and the contributing factors among drivers that help in developing strategies to cop-up the incidence within the research domain in Ethiopia, particularly in the study area.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the prevalence of road traffic accidents and the contributing factors among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town, Ethiopia.
METHODS
A community-based cross-sectional survey was employed among 376 drivers of public transportation. Every research subject was selected by using a simple random sampling technique. Semi-structured and open-ended questionnaires which comprised demographic characteristics, risky personal behaviors and lifestyles, driver's factors, vehicle condition, and environmental conditions were used to gather data. And then after, data was collected through interviewer-administered using KoBo Collect tools. Completed data were edited and cleaned in the Kobo collect toolbox and then exported for additional analysis to a statistical tool for social science statistics version 26. The descriptive statistics were displayed as figures, tables, and texts. Binary logistic regression was analyzed to identify the contributing factors. Statistically significant was decided with a -value of ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS
The results showed that the prevalence of road traffic accidents among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town was 17%. The study identified factors influencing traffic accidents on the roads including marital status (being single), employee condition (permanent), monthly income (1001-2500 Ethiopia Birr), alcohol use, vehicle maintenance (not), road type (non-asphalt), and weather conditions (being windy).
CONCLUSION
The overall prevalence of road traffic accidents among drivers of public transportation in Mizan Aman town was relatively low. Despite this, sociodemographic characteristics, driver factors, vehicle conditions, and environmental conditions [road type and weather conditions] were the predicting factors of traffic accidents in town. Therefore, reduction strategies should be the highest priority duty for concerned bodies like Mizan Aman town road and transport office, Bench Sheko zone transport and logistics office, and Southwest Ethiopia People Regional State (SWEPRS) transport bureau in the study area.
Topics: Humans; Accidents, Traffic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethiopia; Adult; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Automobile Driving; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Transportation; Young Adult; Risk-Taking; Adolescent
PubMed: 38912259
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1307884 -
Infectious Diseases of Poverty Jun 2024Human parasitic infections caused by Adenophorean nematodes encompass a range of diseases, including dioctophymiasis, trichuriasis, capillariasis, trichinellosis, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human parasitic infections caused by Adenophorean nematodes encompass a range of diseases, including dioctophymiasis, trichuriasis, capillariasis, trichinellosis, and myositis. These infection can result in adverse impacts on human health and cause societal and economic concerns in tropical and subtropical regions.
METHODS
This review conducted searches in PubMed, Embase and Google Scholar for relevant studies that published in established databases up to April 26, 2024. Studies that focused on the common morphology, life cycle, disease distribution, clinical manifestations, and prevention and control strategies for Adenophorean parasitic diseases in humans were included.
RESULTS
Adenophorean nematodes exhibit shared morphological characteristics with a four-layered cuticle; uninucleate epidermal cells; pseudocoelom with six or more coelomocytes; generally three caudal glands; five esophageal glands; two testes in males with median-ventral supplementary glands in a single row; tail in males rarely possessing caudal alae; amphids always postlabial; presence of cephalic sensory organs; absence of phasmids; and a secretory-excretory system consisting of a single ventral gland cell, usually with a non-cuticularized terminal duct. Humans play two important roles in the life cycle of the nematode class, Adenophorea: 1) as a definitive host infected by ingesting undercooked paratenic hosts, embryonated eggs, infective larvae in fish tissue and meat contaminated with encysted or non-encysted larvae, and 2) as an accidental host infected by ingesting parasitic eggs in undercooked meat. Many organs are targeted by the Adenophorean nematode in humans such as the intestines, lungs, liver, kidneys, lymphatic circulation and blood vessels, resulting in gastrointestinal problems, excessive immunological responses, cell disruption, and even death. Most of these infections have significant incidence rates in the developing countries of Africa, Asia and Latin America; however, some parasitic diseases have restricted dissemination in outbreaks. To prevent these diseases, interventions together with education, sanitation, hygiene and animal control measures have been introduced in order to reduce and control parasite populations.
CONCLUSIONS
The common morphology, life cycle, global epidemiology and pathology of human Adenophorean nematode-borne parasitic diseases were highlighted, as well as their prevention and control. The findings of this review will contribute to improvement of monitoring and predicting human-parasitic infections, understanding the relationship between animals, humans and parasites, and preventing and controlling parasitic diseases.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Global Health; Nematoda; Nematode Infections; Parasitic Diseases; Life Cycle Stages
PubMed: 38902844
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-024-01216-1 -
BMC Emergency Medicine Jun 2024Blunt abdominal trauma is a common cause of emergency department admission. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is the gold standard method for identifying intra-abdominal...
OBJECTIVES
Blunt abdominal trauma is a common cause of emergency department admission. Computed tomography (CT) scanning is the gold standard method for identifying intra-abdominal injuries in patients experiencing blunt trauma, especially those with high-energy trauma. Although the diagnostic accuracy of this imaging technique is very high, patient admission and prolonged observation protocols are still common practices worldwide. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of intra-abdominal injury in hemodynamically stable patients with high-energy blunt trauma and a normal abdominal CT scan at a Level-1 Trauma Center in Colombia, South America, to assess the relevance of a prolonged observation period.
METHODS
We performed a retrospective study of patients admitted to the emergency department for blunt trauma between 2021 and 2022. All consecutive patients with high-energy mechanisms of trauma and a normal CT scan at admission were included. Our primary outcomes were the incidence of intra-abdominal injury identified during a 24-hour observation period or hospital stay, ICU admission, and death.
RESULTS
We included 480 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The median age was 33 (IQR 25.5, 47), and 74.2% were male. The most common mechanisms of injury were motor vehicle accidents (64.2%), falls from height (26%), and falls from bikes (3.1%). A total of 99.2% of patients had a Revised Trauma Score of 8. Only 1 patient (0.2%) (95% CI: 0.01-1.16) presented with an abdominal injury during the observation period. No ICU admissions or deaths were reported.
CONCLUSION
The incidence of intra-abdominal injury in patients with hemodynamically stable blunt trauma and a negative abdominal CT scan is extremely low, and prolonged observation may not be justified in these patients.
Topics: Humans; Wounds, Nonpenetrating; Male; Female; Adult; Retrospective Studies; Abdominal Injuries; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Incidence; Middle Aged; Colombia; Emergency Service, Hospital; Length of Stay; Hemodynamics; Trauma Centers
PubMed: 38902603
DOI: 10.1186/s12873-024-01014-w -
Revista Espanola de Salud Publica Jun 2024Data on drownings tend to underestimate mortality from this cause. The objective of this study was to describe fatal drownings recorded in Catalonia between 2019 and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVE
Data on drownings tend to underestimate mortality from this cause. The objective of this study was to describe fatal drownings recorded in Catalonia between 2019 and 2022 through forensic sources, present their characteristics, and assess the utility of this information for monitoring drowning mortality.
METHODS
A retrospective observational study based on the register of judicial deaths from the Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences of Catalonia was carried out. Data on medicolegal aetiology, aquatic environment, age, gender, date of death, and municipality of origin were analysed. Statistical analysis was based on the comparison of proportions test based on Chi-square for categorical variables and the Mann Whitney U test for the comparison of numerical variables.
RESULTS
A total of 310 drownings were recorded, with a mean age of 57.2 years and a male predominance (77.1%). The majority of drownings were unintentional (71.3%), followed by suicides (15.5%), and cases of undetermined intent (12.6%). Compared to intentional drownings, unintentional and undetermined intent drownings had a higher percentage of males than females (81.2% vs. 56%, p<0.001), and fewer cases with Spanish nationality than foreign or undetermined nationality (60% vs. 92%, p<0.001). Middle-aged and older individuals accounted for the majority of deaths, but among unintentional drownings, those recorded in pools included significantly higher percentages of children and adolescents aged zero-fourteen years than those occurring in natural waters.
CONCLUSIONS
The results highlight the importance of drowning mortality in Catalonia and the need to strengthen preventive activities, especially for children and during episodes of intense heat. Medicolegal sources are useful for monitoring drowning mortality, but it would be beneficial if they incorporated information on variables such as place of residence and nationality.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Spain; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Drowning; Aged; Adult; Child; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Young Adult; Infant; Aged, 80 and over; Infant, Newborn; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 38899691
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Public Health Jun 2024The world health organization's global health observatory defines maternal mortality as annual number of female deaths, regardless of the period or location of the...
BACKGROUND
The world health organization's global health observatory defines maternal mortality as annual number of female deaths, regardless of the period or location of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or caused by pregnancy or its management (aside from accidental or incidental causes) during pregnancy and childbirth or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy and an estimated 287 000 women worldwide passed away from maternal causes between 2016 and 2020, that works out to be about 800 deaths per day or about one every two minutes.
METHOD
The most recent 2018-2023 DHS data set of 14 SSA countries was used a total of 89,489 weighted mothers who gave at list one live birth 3 years preceding the survey were included, a multilevel analysis was conducted. In the bi-variable analysis variables with p-value ≤ 0.20 were included in the multivariable analysis, and in the multivariable analysis, variables with p-value less than ≤ 0.05 were considered to be significant factors associated with having eight and more ANC visits.
RESULT
The magnitude of having eight and more ANC visits in 14 sub-Saharan African countries was 8.9% (95% CI: 8.76-9.13) ranging from 3.66% (95% CI: 3.54-3.79) in Gabon to 18.92% (95% CI: 18.67-19.17) in Nigeria. The multilevel analysis shows that maternal age (40-44, AOR;2.09, 95%CI: 1.75-2.53), maternal occupational status (AOR;1.14, 95%CI; 1.07-1.22), maternal educational level (secondary and above, AOR;1.26, 95%CI; 1.16-1.38), wealth status(AOR;1.65, 95%CI; 1.50-1.82), media exposure (AOR;1.20, 95%CI; 1.11-1.31), pregnancy intention (AOR;1.12, 95%CI; 1.05-1.20), ever had terminated pregnancy (AOR;1.16 95%CI; 1.07-1.25), timely initiation of first ANC visit (AOR;4.79, 95%CI; 4.49-5.10), empowerment on respondents health care (AOR;1.43, 95%CI; 1.30-1.56), urban place of residence (AOR;1.33, 95%CI; 1.22-1.44) were factors highly influencing the utilization of AN. On the other hand higher birth order (AOR;0.54, 95%CI; 0.53-0.66), not using contraceptive (AOR;0.80, 95%CI; 0.75-0.86) and survey year (AOR;0.47, 95%CI; 0.34-0.65) were factors negatively associated with having eight and more ANC visits.
CONCLUSION
In the 14 SSA included in this study, there is low adherence to WHO guidelines of eight and more ANC visits. Being educated, having jobs, getting access to media being from rural residence and rich wealth group contribute to having eight and more ANC visits, so we highly recommend policy implementers to advocate this practices.
Topics: Humans; Female; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; Multilevel Analysis; Young Adult; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Adolescent; Middle Aged; Mothers
PubMed: 38898450
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19145-x