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Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Jun 2024It was first found that porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) could catalyze the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate under solvent-free...
It was first found that porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL) could catalyze the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate under solvent-free conditions in this paper. Under solvent-free conditions, the highest yield of PPL catalytic reaction was 99.38%, and the Z/E selectivity of the product was 3.93. In addition, the reaction conditions were optimized, and the factors affecting the product structure were studied.
PubMed: 38874842
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-024-04981-9 -
Obesity Surgery Jun 2024Serum ketone bodies increase due to dynamic changes in the lipid metabolisms of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. However, there have been few studies on the role...
BACKGROUND
Serum ketone bodies increase due to dynamic changes in the lipid metabolisms of patients undergoing bariatric surgery. However, there have been few studies on the role of ketone bodies after bariatric surgery. We aimed to clarify the role of and relationship between the changes in serum ketone bodies and weight loss, as well as between those changes and the metabolic effects after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).
METHODS
We recruited 52 patients with severe obesity who underwent LSG. We measured acetoacetic acid (AcAc) and β-hydroxybutyric acid (β-OHB) at the baseline, 1 month, and 6 months after LSG. Subsequently, we compared the changes in the serum ketone bodies with weight-loss effects and various metabolic parameters.
RESULTS
At 1 month after LSG, β-OHB significantly increased (p = 0.009), then significantly decreased 6 months after LSG (p = 0.002). In addition, β-OHB in patients without Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) was notably higher than in patients with T2D at 1 month after LSG (p < 0.001). In the early phase, both AcAc and β-OHB mainly had strong positive correlations with changes in T2D- and MASH-related parameters. In the middle term after LSG, changes in both AcAc and β-OHB were positively correlated with changes in lipid parameters and chronic kidney disease-related parameters.
CONCLUSION
We demonstrated that the postoperative surge of ketone bodies plays a crucial function in controlling metabolic effects after LSG. These findings suggest the cause- and consequence-related roles of ketone bodies in the metabolic benefits of bariatric surgery.
PubMed: 38842760
DOI: 10.1007/s11695-024-07337-8 -
Journal of Biotechnology May 2024Solanum xanthocarpum fruits are used in the treatment of cough, fever, and heart disorders. It possesses antipyretic, hypotensive, antiasthmatic, aphrodisiac and...
Solanum xanthocarpum fruits are used in the treatment of cough, fever, and heart disorders. It possesses antipyretic, hypotensive, antiasthmatic, aphrodisiac and antianaphylactic properties. In the present study, 24 elicitors (both biotic and abiotic) were used to enhance the production of glycoalkaloids in cell cultures of S. xanthocarpum. Four concentrations of elicitors were added into the MS culture medium. The maximum accumulation (5.56-fold higher than control) of demissidine was induced by sodium nitroprusside at 50 mM concentration whereas the highest growth of cell biomass (4.51-fold higher than control) stimulated by systemin at 30 mM concentration. A total of 17 genes of biosynthetic pathways of glycoalkaloids were characterized from the cells of S. xanthocarpum. The greater accumulation of demissidine was confirmed with the expression analysis of 11 key biosynthetic pathway enzymes e.g., acetoacetic-CoA thiolase, 3- hydroxy 3-methyl glutaryl synthase, β-hydroxy β-methylglutaryl CoA reductase, mevalonate kinase, farnesyl diphosphate synthase, squalene synthase, squalene epoxidase, squalene-2,3- epoxide cyclase, cycloartenol synthase, UDP-glucose: solanidine glucosyltransferase and UDP-rhamnose: solanidine rhamno-galactosyl transferase. The maximum expression levels of UDP-rhamnose: solanidine rhamno-galactosyl transferase gene was recorded in this study.
PubMed: 38825191
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2024.05.008 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Sep 2024Serum H NMR metabolomics has been used as a diagnostic tool for screening type 2 diabetes (T2D) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as comorbidity. This work aimed to...
Serum H NMR metabolomics has been used as a diagnostic tool for screening type 2 diabetes (T2D) with chronic kidney disease (CKD) as comorbidity. This work aimed to evaluate H NMR data to detect the initial kidney damage and CKD in T2D subjects, through multivariate statistical analysis. Clinical data and biochemical parameters were obtained for classifying five experimental groups using KDIGO guidelines: Control (healthy subjects), T2D, T2D-CKD-mild, T2D-CKD-moderate, and T2D-CKD-severe. Serum H NMR spectra were recorded to follow two strategies: one based on metabolite-to-creatinine (Met/Cr) ratios as targeted metabolomics, and the second one based on untargeted metabolomics from the H NMR profile. A prospective biomarkers panel of the early stage of T2D-CKD based in metabolite-to-creatinine ratio (ornithine/Cr, serine/Cr, mannose/Cr, acetate/Cr, acetoacetate/Cr, formate/Cr, and glutamate/Cr) was proposed. Later, a statistical model based on non-targeted metabolomics was used to predict initial CKD, and its metabolic pathway analysis allowed identifying the most affected pathways: phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation; glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism; and histidine metabolism. Nonetheless, further studies with a larger cohort are advised to precise ranges in metabolite-to-creatinine ratios and evaluate the prediction pertinency to detect initial CKD in T2D patients in both statistical models proposed.
Topics: Humans; Metabolomics; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Male; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Middle Aged; Biomarkers; Female; Creatinine; Aged; Diabetic Nephropathies; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Adult; Prospective Studies; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 38820837
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116240 -
Journal of Autoimmunity May 2024In polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), glucocorticoids (GCs) relieve pain and stiffness, but fatigue may persist. We aimed to explore the effect of disease, GCs and PMR...
OBJECTIVE
In polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), glucocorticoids (GCs) relieve pain and stiffness, but fatigue may persist. We aimed to explore the effect of disease, GCs and PMR symptoms in the metabolite signatures of peripheral blood from patients with PMR or the related disease, giant cell arteritis (GCA).
METHODS
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was performed on serum from 40 patients with untreated PMR, 84 with new-onset confirmed GCA, and 53 with suspected GCA who later were clinically confirmed non-GCA, and 39 age-matched controls. Further samples from PMR patients were taken one and six months into glucocorticoid therapy to explore relationship of metabolites to persistent fatigue. 100 metabolites were identified using Chenomx and statistical analysis performed in SIMCA-P to examine the relationship between metabolic profiles and, disease, GC treatment or symptoms.
RESULTS
The metabolite signature of patients with PMR and GCA differed from that of age-matched non-inflammatory controls (R > 0.7). There was a smaller separation between patients with clinically confirmed GCA and those with suspected GCA who later were clinically confirmed non-GCA (R = 0.135). In PMR, metabolite signatures were further altered with glucocorticoid treatment (R = 0.42) but did not return to that seen in controls. Metabolites correlated with CRP, pain, stiffness, and fatigue (R ≥ 0.39). CRP, pain, and stiffness declined with treatment and were associated with 3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate, but fatigue did not. Metabolites differentiated patients with high and low fatigue both before and after treatment (R > 0.9). Low serum glutamine was predictive of high fatigue at both time points (0.79-fold change).
CONCLUSION
PMR and GCA alter the metabolite signature. In PMR, this is further altered by glucocorticoid therapy. Treatment-induced metabolite changes were linked to measures of inflammation (CRP, pain and stiffness), but not to fatigue. Furthermore, metabolite signatures distinguished patients with high or low fatigue.
PubMed: 38797046
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2024.103260 -
International Journal of Biological... Jun 2024Nanocatalysts play a vital role in chemical reactions, energy conservation, and pollution control. They significantly contribute to organic synthesis by using natural...
Fabrication of a novel magnetic nanostructure based on cellulose-gellan gum hydrogel, embedded with MgAl LDH as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of polyhydroquinoline derivatives.
Nanocatalysts play a vital role in chemical reactions, energy conservation, and pollution control. They significantly contribute to organic synthesis by using natural polymers as nanoparticle substrates in nanocatalysts. Natural hydrogels made from polysaccharide and/or protein sources may be used to accomplish this. Recent research has focused on using layered double-hydroxides (LDHs) in composites having catalytic properties. Magnetic features of the catalyst allow its extraction from the environment using a magnet after the reaction, improving product efficiency. This work developed a catalyst for producing physiologically relevant polyhydroquinoline derivatives using a novel magnetic nanocomposite containing natural cellulose-gellan gum hydrogel and MgAl LDH. The Cell-GG hydrogel/MgAl LDH/FeO nanocomposite showed over 90 % efficiency in one-pot production of polyhydroquinoline derivatives by asymmetric Hantzsch condensation. Dimedone, ammonium acetate, ethyl acetoacetate, and different substituted aldehydes were employed in successive processes to create polyhydroquinoline derivatives. High product efficiency, quick reaction time, room temperature functioning, and easy separation with a magnet suggest a potent catalyst. Interestingly, the catalyst retains 80 % of its original capability after four cycles. Additionally, the Cell-GG hydrogel/MgAl LDH/FeO nanocomposite was analyzed using several methods, including FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM and TGA, to obtain insight into its chemical and physical characteristics.
Topics: Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Cellulose; Catalysis; Quinolines; Hydrogels; Nanocomposites
PubMed: 38782322
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132547 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2024Deep treatment and bioenergy recovery of swine wastewater (SW) are beneficial for constructing a low-carbon footprint and resource-recycling society. In this study, Fe...
Deep treatment and bioenergy recovery of swine wastewater (SW) are beneficial for constructing a low-carbon footprint and resource-recycling society. In this study, Fe (III) addition from 0 to 600 mg/L significantly increased the methane (CH) content of the recovered biogas from 61.4 ± 2.0 to 89.3 ± 2.0 % during SW treatment in an anaerobic membrane digestion system. The specific methane yields (SMY) also increased significantly from 0.20 ± 0.05 to 0.29 ± 0.02 L/g COD. Fe (III) and its bio-transformed products which participated in establishing direct interspecific electron transfer (DIET), upregulated the abundance of e-pili and Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), enriched electroactive bacteria. The increase in cellular adenosine triphosphate (cATP) from 6583 to 14,518 ng/gVSS and electron transport system (ETS) from 1468 to 1968 mg/(g·h) promoted the intensity of energy flow and electron flow during anaerobic digestion of SW. Moreover, Fe (III) promoted the hydrolysis and acidification of organic matters, and strengthened the acetoacetic methanogenesis pathway. This study established an approach for harvesting high quality bioenergy from SW and revealed the effects and mechanisms from the view of carbon flow, energy metabolic intensity and metagenomics.
Topics: Wastewater; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Animals; Swine; Methane; Anaerobiosis; Energy Metabolism; Bioreactors; Carbon; Biofuels; Iron; Ferric Compounds
PubMed: 38782283
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173431 -
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN Jun 2024Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and limb amputation are frequent complications of diabetes that cannot always be explained by blood glucose control. Metabolomics is a science...
BACKGROUND
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) and limb amputation are frequent complications of diabetes that cannot always be explained by blood glucose control. Metabolomics is a science that is currently being explored in the search for biomarkers or profiles that identify clinical conditions of interest.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to analyze, using a metabolomic approach, peripheral blood samples from type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) individuals, compared with those with diabetic retinopathy and limb amputation.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 128 participants, divided into groups: control, DM2 without DR (DM2), non-proliferative DR (DRNP), proliferative DR (DRP), and DM2 amputated (AMP). Metabolites from blood plasma were classified by spectra using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the metabolic routes of each group using metaboanalyst.
RESULTS
We identified that the metabolism of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan was discriminant for the DRP group. Histidine biosynthesis, on the other hand, was statistically associated with the AMP group. The results of this work consolidate metabolites such as glutamine and citrulline as discriminating for DRP, and the branched-chain amino acids as important for DR.
CONCLUSIONS
The results demonstrate the relationship between the metabolism of ketone bodies, with acetoacetate metabolite being discriminating for the DRP group and histidine being a significant metabolite in the AMP group, when compared to the DM2 group.
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Metabolomics; Diabetic Retinopathy; Male; Amputation, Surgical; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Biomarkers; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 38777429
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.03.013 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... May 2024Lithium-ion batteries play an integral role in various aspects of daily life, yet there is a pressing need to enhance their safety and cycling stability. In this study,...
Lithium-ion batteries play an integral role in various aspects of daily life, yet there is a pressing need to enhance their safety and cycling stability. In this study, we have successfully developed a highly secure and flexible solid-state polymer electrolyte (SPE) through the in-situ polymerization of allyl acetoacetate (AAA) monomers. This SPE constructed an efficient Li+ transport channel inside and effectively improved the solid-solid interface contact of solid-state batteries to reduce interfacial impedance. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent thermal stability, an ionic conductivity of 3.82×10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature (RT), and a Li+ transport number (tLi+) of 0.66. The numerous oxygen vacancies on layered inorganic SiO2 created an excellent environment for TFSI- immobilization. Free Li+ migrated rapidly at the C=O equivalence site with the poly(allyl acetoacetate) (PAAA) matrix. Consequently, when cycled at 0.5 C and RT, it displayed an initial discharge specific capacity of 140.6 mAh g-1 with a discharge specific capacity retention rate of 70% even after 500 cycles. Similarly, when cycled at a higher rate of 5 C, it demonstrated an initial discharge specific capacity of 132.3 mAh g-1 while maintaining excellent cycling stability.
PubMed: 38760998
DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404728 -
The Oncologist May 2024Patients with radioiodine-refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC; RAIR-DTC) have a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to provide new insights and...
OBJECTIVE
Patients with radioiodine-refractory (RAIR) differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC; RAIR-DTC) have a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to provide new insights and possibilities for the diagnosis and treatment of RAIR-DTC.
METHODS
The metabolomics of 24 RAIR-DTC and 18 non-radioiodine-refractory (NonRAIR) DTC patients samples were analyzed by liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry. Cellular radioiodine uptake was detected with γ counter. Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression and thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) were measured by Western blot analysis. CCK8 and colony formation assays were used to measure cellular proliferation. Scratch and transwell assays were performed to assess cell migration and invasion. Annexin V/PI staining was used to detect cell apoptosis. Cell growth in vivo was evaluated by a tumor xenograft model. The acetoacetate (AcAc) level was measured by ELISA. Pathological changes, Ki67, NIS, and TSHR expression were investigated by immunohistochemistry.
RESULTS
The metabolite profiles of RAIR could be distinguished from those of NonRAIR, with AcAc significantly lower in RAIR. The significantly different metabolic pathway was ketone body metabolism. AcAc increased NIS and TSHR expression and improved radioiodine uptake. AcAc inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and as well promoted cell apoptosis. Ketogenic diet (KD) elevated AcAc levels and significantly suppressed tumor growth, as well as improved NIS and TSHR expression.
CONCLUSION
Significant metabolic differences were observed between RAIR and NonRAIR, and ketone body metabolism might play an important role in RAIR-DTC. AcAc improved cellular iodine uptake and had antitumor effects for thyroid carcinoma. KD might be a new therapeutic strategy for RAIR-DTC.
PubMed: 38760956
DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae075