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Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious... Jan 2007To evaluate the activity of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) for the differentiation and identification of nonfermenting gram negative rods (NFGNR), 293 isolates were...
To evaluate the activity of pyrrolidonyl arylamidase (PYR) for the differentiation and identification of nonfermenting gram negative rods (NFGNR), 293 isolates were tested. A 24 h culture of each test organism was prepared. From this a 108-109 cfu/mL suspension was added to 0.25 mL of sterile physiologic solution. A PYR disk was then added and the test was incubated for 30 minutes at 35-37 degrees C, at environmental atmosphere. Reading was done by adding 1 drop of cinnamaldehyde reagent. Strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Alcaligenes faecalis, Bergeyella zoohelcum, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Bordetella hinzii, Brevundimonas diminuta, Brevundimonas vesicularis, Brucella ovis, Brucella spp., Brucella suis, Burkholderia cepacia complex, Moraxella catarrhalis, Moraxella lacunata, Moraxella nonliquefaciens, Moraxella osloensis, Oligella ureolytica, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Pseudomonas mendocina, Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes, Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Pseudomonas Vb3, Psychrobacter phenylpyruvicus, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were PYR negative. On the other hand Achromobacter piechaudii, Achromobacter denitrificans, Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Burkholderia gladioli, Chryseobacterium gleum-indologenes, Comamonas testosroni, Cupriavidus pauculus, Delftia acidovorans, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, Myroides spp., Ochrobactrum anthropi, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Ralstonia pickettii, Rhizobium radiobacter, Shewanella spp., Sphingobacterium multivorum, Sphingobacterium spiritivorum, and Weeksella virosa were PYR positive. Finally, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Roseomonas spp., and Sphingomonas paucimobilis-parapaucimobilis were PYR variable. PYR testing should be considered as a useful tool to facilitate the identification of NFGNR.
Topics: Aminopeptidases; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Culture Media; Fermentation; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Pyrrolidinones
PubMed: 16822636
DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2006.02.012 -
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry : PPB Jun 2004The object of the work is to evaluate whether rhizobacteria populating dry salty environments can increase resistance in tomato to salt stress. Seven strains of plant...
The object of the work is to evaluate whether rhizobacteria populating dry salty environments can increase resistance in tomato to salt stress. Seven strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria that have 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase activity were isolated from soil samples taken from the Arava region of southern Israel. Following growth of these seedlings in the presence of 43 mM NaCl for 7 weeks, the bacterium that promoted growth to the greatest extent was selected for further study. DNA analysis of the 16S RNA indicated that the selected bacterium was Achromobacter piechaudii. This bacterium significantly increased the fresh and dry weights of tomato seedlings grown in the presence of up to 172 mM NaCl salt. The bacterium reduced the production of ethylene by tomato seedlings, which was otherwise stimulated when seedlings were challenged with increasing salt concentrations, but did not reduce the content of sodium. However, it slightly increased the uptake of phosphorous and potassium, which may contribute in part to activation of processes involved in the alleviation of the effect of salt. In the presence of salt the bacterium increased the water use efficiency (WUE). This may suggest that the bacterium act to alleviate the salt suppression of photosynthesis. However, the detailed mechanism was not elucidated. The work described in this report is a first step in the development of productive agricultural systems in saline environments.
Topics: Achromobacter; Immunity, Innate; Kinetics; Solanum lycopersicum; Osmolar Concentration; Plant Roots; Plant Shoots; Seedlings; Sodium Chloride
PubMed: 15246071
DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2004.05.009 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology 2004To investigate the factors governing the adhesion and activity of the 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) degrading bacterium Achromobacter piechaudii TBPZ-N61 on chalk from a...
AIM
To investigate the factors governing the adhesion and activity of the 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP) degrading bacterium Achromobacter piechaudii TBPZ-N61 on chalk from a contaminated aquifer.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Adhesion kinetics of TBPZ-N61 to grey and white chalk from a polluted fractured chalk aquifer was tested in a batch system. Both grey and white chalk contain ca 80% CaCO3, while grey chalk contains more organic matter (2.4%) than the white chalk (0.3%) and also contains Dolmite and Clinoptilolite. Adhesion of the bacterial cells to the chalk particles (<0.2 mm) occurred rapidly (96% of the cells within 15 min). Langmuir-fitted adhesion isotherms suggest that cells in the stationary phase, which are more hydrophobic, adhere to both grey and white chalk more efficiently than cells in the logarithmic growth phase. Increasing the pH (from 6.7 to 8.1) caused a significant reduction in cell adhesion to the chalk. Activity of attached cells was evaluated in both batch and column experiments. Logarithmic cells adhering to white and grey chalk were more active in TBP degradation than cells in suspension. In column experiments, significant TBP degradation was retained up to 30 days after a single injection of TBPZ cells. Thereafter, activity was fully recovered by amendment of yeast extract. Chalk surfaces that were incubated in situ in contaminated groundwater for 20 days still allowed the adhesion and activity of TBPZ cells.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, our results show that bacteria adhere efficiently to specific sites on the chalk surfaces, and that sustained bacterial activity of the attached cells can be achieved by adding a carbon source such as yeast extract which also overcome toxic constituents that may occur in some chalk types.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Bioremediation of TBP-contaminated chalk aquifers is made possible by the injection of bacterial cultures.
Topics: Achromobacter; Biodegradation, Environmental; Calcium Carbonate; Environmental Microbiology; Geologic Sediments; Phenols; Tissue Adhesions; Water Pollution, Chemical
PubMed: 15012824
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02222.x -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 2001We describe a recurrent bacteremia caused by Achromobacter (formerly Alcaligenes) piechaudii in association with an intravenous catheter in an immunocompromised...
We describe a recurrent bacteremia caused by Achromobacter (formerly Alcaligenes) piechaudii in association with an intravenous catheter in an immunocompromised 73-year-old man. This is the first reported case of bacteremia due to A. piechaudii.
Topics: Aged; Alcaligenes; Bacteremia; Catheters, Indwelling; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse; Male; Recurrence
PubMed: 11158159
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.39.2.808-810.2001 -
Systematic and Applied Microbiology Jun 2000In search for bacterial cultures that are able to rapidly degrade cellulosic plant fibres in vitro, 77 cellulolytic strains were isolated from Belgian and Czech soils...
In search for bacterial cultures that are able to rapidly degrade cellulosic plant fibres in vitro, 77 cellulolytic strains were isolated from Belgian and Czech soils after enrichment on flax or sisal fibres as sole sources of carbon. The strains were characterized using fatty acid analysis, and 74 strains were grouped into three major clusters by numerical analysis. The first major cluster contained Cellulomonas strains. Within this cluster three subclusters could be delineated by principal component analysis, that were recognized by their fatty acid compositions as Cellulomonas gelida, Cellulomonas biazotea and Cellulomonas cellulans, containing 9, 8 and 13 strains respectively. The second major cluster, with 9 strains, was assigned to Flavobacterium johnsoniae. The 34 strains of the third cluster could not be identified by commercial identification systems on the basis of their fatty acid profiles and API 20NE profiles. On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics they met the description of the genus Cellvibrio, their fatty acid profiles were similar to those of four authentic Cellvibrio mixtus strains, and the 16S rRNA genes from four representatives showed up to 97.8% sequence similarity to 16S rDNA from Cellvibrio mixtus ACM 2603. Three non-clustered strains were assigned to Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens, Achromobacter piechaudii and Pseudomonas mendocina. Two strains assigned to Cellvibrio were able to degrade several flax, broom and cotton fibres very rapidly in a standardized in vitro test, causing mass losses of 40 to 86% within 13 days of incubation, but not jute.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Biodegradation, Environmental; Cellulose; Fatty Acids; Flax; Genes, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci; Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 10930083
DOI: 10.1016/S0723-2020(00)80017-X -
Microbiology and Immunology 1998Based on the results of GC content determination and 16S rRNA sequence analysis among the type strains of Achromobacter xylosoxidans, 4 Alcaligenes species, 5 Bordetella...
Emendation of genus Achromobacter and Achromobacter xylosoxidans (Yabuuchi and Yano) and proposal of Achromobacter ruhlandii (Packer and Vishniac) comb. nov., Achromobacter piechaudii (Kiredjian et al.) comb. nov., and Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (Rüger and Tan) comb. nov.
Based on the results of GC content determination and 16S rRNA sequence analysis among the type strains of Achromobacter xylosoxidans, 4 Alcaligenes species, 5 Bordetella species, and 12 species of 4 other genera, the separation of genus Achromobacter Yabuuchi and Yano 1981, with the type species Achromobacter xylosoxidans, is confirmed. Alcaligenes ruhlandii (Packer and Vishniac) Aragno and Schlegel 1992 is a distinct species and not a senior synonym of Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Alcaligenes ruhlandii and Alcaligenes piechaudii Kiredjian et al 1986 are transferred to genus Achromobacter. Thus 2 new combinations, Achromobacter ruhlandii (Packer and Vishniac) and Achromobacter piechaudii (Kiredjian et al) are proposed; their type strains are ATCC 15749 and ATCC 43552, respectively. Alcaligenes denitrificans Rüger and Tan 1983 is also transferred to genus Achromobacter and ranked down to the subspecies of Achromobacter xylosoxidans. Thus a new subspecies name, Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. denitrificans (Rüger and Tan) is proposed. The type strain of the subspecies is ATCC 15173. This proposal automatically creates type subspecies, Achromobacter xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans, with type strain ATCC 27061. An emended description of genus Achromobacter and of type species Achromobacter xylosoxidans are given.
Topics: Alcaligenes; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Bordetella; DNA, Bacterial; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 9688077
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1998.tb02306.x