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MSphere May 2024is an opportunistic human and animal pathogen severely understudied. Here, we conducted the largest genomic epidemiological study on this pathogen to date. Our data...
UNLABELLED
is an opportunistic human and animal pathogen severely understudied. Here, we conducted the largest genomic epidemiological study on this pathogen to date. Our data show that this bacterium has spread globally. Also, we found that some human and non-human isolates are not well differentiated from one another, implying transmission between clinical and non-clinical, non-human settings. Remarkably, human but also some non-human isolates have clinically important antibiotic resistance genes, and some of these genes are located in plasmids. Given these results, we put forward that should be considered an emerging One Health problem. In this regard, future molecular epidemiological studies about this species will go beyond human isolates and will consider animal-, plant-, and water-associated environments.
IMPORTANCE
is the most well-known species from the genus . However, other much less studied species could be important opportunistic pathogens of animals, plants and humans. Here, we conducted the largest genomic epidemiological study of , which has been described as a source not only of human but also of animal infections. Our analyses show that this bacterium has spread globally and that, in some instances, human and non-human isolates are not well differentiated. Remarkably, some non-human isolates have important antibiotic resistance genes against important antibiotics used in human medicine. Based on our results, we propose that this pathogen must be considered an issue not only for humans but also for veterinary medicine.
Topics: Acinetobacter Infections; Humans; Acinetobacter; Animals; One Health; Genome, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Molecular Epidemiology; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Plasmids; Genomics
PubMed: 38606973
DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00162-24 -
Microbiology Spectrum Apr 2024Tigecycline is an antibiotic of last resort for infections with carbapenem-resistant . Plasmids harboring variants of the tetracycline destructase gene promote rising...
UNLABELLED
Tigecycline is an antibiotic of last resort for infections with carbapenem-resistant . Plasmids harboring variants of the tetracycline destructase gene promote rising tigecycline resistance rates. We report the earliest observation of ) in a clinical strain predating tigecycline's commercialization, suggesting selective pressures other than tigecycline contributed to its emergence.
IMPORTANCE
We present the earliest observation of a ()-positive bacterial strain, predating by many years the earliest reports of this gene so far. This finding is significant as tigecycline is an antibiotic of last resort for carbapenem-resistant (CRAB), which the World Health Organization ranks as one of its top three critical priority pathogens, and () variants have become the most prevalent genes responsible for enabling CRAB to become tigecycline resistant. Moreover, the ()-positive strain we report is the first and only to be found that predates the commercialization of tigecycline, an antibiotic that was thought to have contributed to the emergence of this resistance gene. Understanding the factors contributing to the origin and spread of novel antibiotic resistance genes is crucial to addressing the major global public health issue, which is antimicrobial resistance.
Topics: Tigecycline; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tetracycline; Plasmids; Carbapenems
PubMed: 38412527
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03327-23 -
Bioresource Technology Apr 2024This work aims at intensifying the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus of an integrated aerobic granular sludge (AGS) - membrane bioreactor (MBR) by...
This work aims at intensifying the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus of an integrated aerobic granular sludge (AGS) - membrane bioreactor (MBR) by Acinetobacter junii. After acclimation and enrichment in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR), Acinetobacter junii, a kind of denitrifying phosphate accumulating organism (DPAO), was successfully screened in the used SBR. Then it was verified to be capable of effectively enhancing the performance in the simultaneous removal of nitrogen and phosphorus of AGS-MBR. In the system, DPAO (Acinetobacter junii) mainly occurred in AGS, and the highest ratio even reached 22.8%, but its competitive advantages highly depend on the size of AGS. The presented results can cultivate AGS and enrich DPAO simultaneously to improve the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus of an AGS-MBR, which provide an environmentally friendly approach to upgrade traditional wastewater treatment processes.
Topics: Sewage; Phosphorus; Nitrogen; Phosphates; Bioreactors; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Acinetobacter
PubMed: 38395234
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130474 -
Heliyon Feb 2024This study was aimed at using microcosm experiments to assess crude oil degradation efficiency of and isolated along Ghana's coast. Uncontaminated seawater from...
This study was aimed at using microcosm experiments to assess crude oil degradation efficiency of and isolated along Ghana's coast. Uncontaminated seawater from selected locations along the coast was used to isolate bacterial species by employing enrichment culture procedures with crude oil as the only carbon source. The isolates were identified by means of the extended direct colony transfer method of the Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS), as , and . Remediation tests showed that yielded degradation efficiencies of 27.59 %, 41.38 % and 57.47 %. Whereas efficiencies of 21.14 %, 32.18 % and 43.68 % were recorded by representing 15, 30 and 45 days respectively. Consortia of , and also yielded 32.18 %, 48.28 % and 62.07 % for the selected days respectively. Phylogenetic characterization using ClustalW and BLAST of sequences generated from the Oxford Nanopore Sequencing technique, showed that the Ghanaian isolates clustered with and species respectively. An analysis of the sequenced data for the 1394-bp portion of the 16S rRNA gene of the isolates revealed >99 % sequence identity with the isolates present on the GenBank database. The isolates of closest identity were and with accession numbers, NR_133958.1 and KJ147060.1 respectively. and isolated from Ghana's coast under pristine seawater conditions have therefore demonstrated their capacity to be used for the remediation of crude oil spills.
PubMed: 38318038
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24994 -
Environmental Science & Technology Jan 2024Pesticides and antibiotics are believed to increase the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs), constituting a serious threat...
Pesticides and antibiotics are believed to increase the incidence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factor genes (VFGs), constituting a serious threat to global health. However, the impact of this combined pollution on the microbiome and that of the related ARGs and VFGs on soil-plant-animal systems remain unknown. In this study, a 60-day microcosm experiment was conducted to reveal the effects of zinc thiazole (ZT) and oxytetracycline (OTC) on microbial communities, antibiotic resistomes, and virulence factors in soil, earthworm gut, and phyllosphere samples using metagenomics. ZT exposure perturbed microbial communities and nutrient metabolism and increased the abundance of ARGs and VFGs in the gut. Combined exposure changed the profiles of ARGs and VFGs by decreasing microbial diversity in the phyllosphere. Host-tracking analysis identified some genera, such as and , as frequent hosts of ARGs and VFGs in the gut. Notably, some co-occurrence patterns of ARGs and MGEs were observed on the metagenome-assembled contigs. More importantly, ZT markedly increased the abundance of potentially drug-resistant pathogens and in the phyllosphere. Overall, this study expands our current understanding of the spread of ARGs and VFGs in soil-plant-animal systems under pollutant-induced stress and the associated health risks.
Topics: Animals; Oxytetracycline; Oligochaeta; Genes, Bacterial; Zinc; Soil; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Soil Microbiology
PubMed: 38148496
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c06513 -
Water Research Feb 2024The risk associated with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in size-fractionated bacterial community during drinking water chlorination remains unclear, and is of...
The risk associated with antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in size-fractionated bacterial community during drinking water chlorination remains unclear, and is of paramount importance for risk mitigation through process selection and optimization. This study employed metagenomic approaches to reveal the alterations of ARGs, their potential functions and hosts within the free-living and particle-associated fractions. The total relative abundance of ARGs, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), and virulence factor genes (VFGs) significantly increased in the free-living fraction after chlorination. The contribution of the free-living fraction to the ARG relative abundance rose from 16.40 ± 1.31 % to 93.62 ± 0.47 % after chlorination. Multidrug resistance genes (e.g. mexF and mexW) were major contributors, and their co-occurrence with MGEs in the free-living fraction was enhanced after chlorination. Considering multiple perspectives, including presence, mobility, and pathogenicity, chlorination led to a significant risk of the antibiotic resistome in the free-living fraction. Moreover, potential functions of ARGs, such as cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis, defense mechanisms, and transcription in the free-living fraction, were intensified following chlorination. Potential pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, and Acinetobacter junii, were identified as the predominant hosts of multidrug resistance genes, with their increased abundances primarily contributing to the rise of the corresponding ARGs. Overall, alterations of hosts as well as enhancing mobility and biological functions could collectively aid the proliferation and spread of ARGs in the free-living fraction after chlorination. This study provides novel insights into antibiotic resistance evolution in size-fractionated bacteria community and offers a management strategy for microbiological safety in drinking water.
Topics: Genes, Bacterial; Drinking Water; Halogenation; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Bacteria; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 38043346
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120922 -
Water Research Feb 2024Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) represent emerging environmental pollutants that present health risks. Drinking water supply systems (DWSSs), including sources to tap...
Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) represent emerging environmental pollutants that present health risks. Drinking water supply systems (DWSSs), including sources to tap water, play crucial roles in the dissemination and propagation of ARGs. However, there was a paucity of knowledge on the relative abundance, diversity, mobility, and pathogenic hosts of ARGs in DWSSs from source to tap. Therefore, the effects of treatments and distributions on the microbial community and ARGs from three geographical regions (downstream areas of the Yellow, Yangtze, and Pearl Rivers) were elucidated in the present study. Treatment processes lowered the complexity of the microbial community network, whereas transportation increased it. The assembly mechanisms of the microbial community and antibiotic resistome were primarily driven by stochastic processes. Distribution greatly increased the contribution of stochastic processes. Multidrug ARGs (for example, multidrug transporter and adeJ) and bacitracin ARG (bacA) were the primary mobile ARGs in drinking water, as identified by the metagenomic assembly. Achromobacter xylosoxidans, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Acinetobacter junii harbored diverse multidrug ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) (recombinases, integrases, and transposases) as potential pathogens and were abundant in the disinfected water. Environmental factors, including pH, chlorine, latitude, longitude, and temperature, influenced the ARG abundance by directly regulating the MGEs and microbial community diversity. This study provides critical information on the fate, mobility, host pathogenicity, and driving factors of ARGs in drinking water, which is conducive to ARG risk assessment and management to provide high-quality drinking water to consumers.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Metagenome; Drinking Water; Genes, Bacterial; Microbiota; China
PubMed: 38016224
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120894 -
Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises Nov 2023Nanofibers are a class of nanomaterial with specific physicochemical properties and characteristics making them quite sought after and investigated by researchers....
Nanofibers are a class of nanomaterial with specific physicochemical properties and characteristics making them quite sought after and investigated by researchers. Lipopeptide biosurfactant (LPB) formulation properties were previously established in wound healing. LPB were isolated from in vitro culture of Acinetobacter junii B6 and loaded on nanofibers formulation produced by electrospinning method with different ratios of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and Poloxamer. Numerous experimental control tests were carried out on formulations, including physicochemical properties which were evaluated by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), morphology study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermal stability. The best nanofibers formulation was obtained by the electrospinning method, with a voltage of 19.8 volts, a discharge capacity of 1cm/h, a cylindrical rotating velocity of 100rpm, and a needle interval of 7cm from the cylinder, which continued for 7hours. The formulation contained 2% (w/v) CMC, 10% (w/v) poloxamer, 9% (w/v) PVA, and 5% (w/v) LPB. This formula had desirable physicochemical properties including spreadability, stability, and uniformity with the particle size of about 590nm.
PubMed: 37633459
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2023.08.008 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2023Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) offer new ideas for the design of antibacterial materials because of their antibacterial properties, high porosity and specific surface...
Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) offer new ideas for the design of antibacterial materials because of their antibacterial properties, high porosity and specific surface area, low toxicity and good biocompatibility compared with other nanomaterials. Herein, a novel antimicrobial nanomaterial, MIL-101(Fe)@ZnO, has been synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by FTIR, UV-vis, ICP-OES, XRD, SEM, EDS and BET to show that the zinc ions are doped into the crystal lattice of MIL-101(Fe) to form a Fe-Zn bimetallic structure. MIL-101(Fe)@ZnO was found to be effective against a wide range of antibacterial materials including , , , , and . It has a significant antibacterial effect, weak cytotoxicity, high safety performance and good biocompatibility. Meanwhile, MIL-101(Fe)@ZnO was able to achieve antibacterial effects by causing cells to produce ROS, disrupting the cell membrane structure, and causing protein leakage and lipid preoxidation mechanisms. In conclusion, MIL-101(Fe)@ZnO is an easy-to-prepare antimicrobial nanomaterial with broad-spectrum bactericidal activity and low toxicity.
Topics: Zinc Oxide; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Nanoparticles; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 37569611
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512238 -
Journal of Laboratory Physicians Sep 2023species has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections in recent years. The aim of the study was to establish the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser...
species has become a leading cause of nosocomial infections in recent years. The aim of the study was to establish the usefulness of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) for the identification of species with respect to conventional biochemical methods and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system and to compare the antibiotic susceptibility test results Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus automated identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing system. The study sample comprised 100 clinical isolates of species. They were all identified using MALDI-TOF MS and compared with other two identification systems. Comparison of categorical variables by Fisher's exact test or Pearson's chi-square test was done. All statistical tools were two tailed, and a significant level < 0.05 was used. All statistical tests were performed using SPSS v22.0 (Armonk IBM Corp., New York, United States). Cohen's kappa coefficients were also calculated and used as applicable. MALDI-TOF MS revealed 92 , 2 , 3 , and 1 each was identified as , , and . There was moderate agreement between identification by MicroScan WalkAway and MALDI-TOF, and substantial agreement between conventional biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF. We found that there was a 100% categorical agreement with respect to susceptibility of aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin) and cephalosporins (ceftazidime, cefepime, cefotaxime) between disk diffusion method and MicroScan WalkAway 96 Plus system. Total of 16 errors were observed. Although MALDI-TOF MS could be useful to identify but not other species in the genus, it is a rapid, reliable method and can be routinely used in clinical laboratories.
PubMed: 37564221
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1760401