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Journal of Environmental Science and... 2020Pollution of aquatic resources is increasing day-by-day, and phenolic compounds are common pollutants negatively impacting aquatic biodiversity and production. This...
Pollution of aquatic resources is increasing day-by-day, and phenolic compounds are common pollutants negatively impacting aquatic biodiversity and production. This study aimed at isolation of phenol hyper-tolerant bacteria from polluted aquaculture resource so that they might be useful in aquaculture systems. Four phenol hyper-tolerant bacterial strains were isolated from sewage fed East Kolkata Wetlands, a Ramsar site. By 16S rDNA sequence, cell morphology and biochemical characteristics the strains PDB2, PDB13, PDB16, and PDB26 were identified as sp., , , and , respectively strain PDB16, described in this study, is possibly the first report of phenol hyper-tolerant strain in this species. All the four strains degraded 600 mg L phenol within 5 days and expressed catechol 1,2-dioxygenase but lacked catechol 2,3-dioxygenase enzyme suggesting that the bacteria used the ortho-cleavage pathway for phenol degradation. In growth kinetic study Edwards and Aiba model, rather than the most popular Haldane model, gave the best fit indicating behavioral divergence of these strains with those from petroleum contaminated environments. The phenol degrading bacteria isolated from a polluted sewage fed aquaculture system might be useful in degradation and remediation of polluted aquaculture resources as well as inland open waters.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Adaptation, Physiological; Aquaculture; Biodegradation, Environmental; Kinetics; Phenols; Pseudomonas; Sewage; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 31790335
DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1694816 -
International Health Sep 2020The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India.
BACKGROUND
The present study was carried out to investigate the tap water quality of public toilets in Amritsar, Punjab, India.
METHODS
Water samples from the taps of the public toilets were collected in sterile containers and physicochemical and bacteriological analysis was performed using standard methods. Also, genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the bacterial isolates was performed using different biochemical tests and 16S ribosomal RNA analysis. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using antibiotics based on their mode of action. A biofilm assay was performed to assess the adhesion potential of the isolates.
RESULTS
A total of 25 bacterial isolates were identified from the water samples, including Acinetobacter junii, Acinetobacter pittii, Acinetobacter haemolyticus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus marisflavi, Bacillus flexus, Bacillus oceanisediminis, Pseudomonas otitidis, Pseudomonas sp. RR013, Pseudomonas sp. RR021, Pseudomonas sp. RR022, Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae. The results of the antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the antibiotics cefodroxil, aztreonam, nitrofurantoin, cefepime, ceftazidime and amoxyclav were found to be mostly ineffective against various isolates. The biofilm assay revealed the weak, moderate and strong biofilm producers among them.
CONCLUSIONS
The tap water in the public toilets was microbially contaminated and needs to be monitored carefully. The antibiotic susceptibility profile showed that of 25 bacterial isolates, 5 were multidrug resistant. Bacterial isolates exhibited strong to weak adhesion potential in the biofilm assay.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus; Bacterial Infections; Bathroom Equipment; Biofilms; Genotype; Humans; India; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenotype; Pseudomonas; Water; Water Microbiology
PubMed: 31693132
DOI: 10.1093/inthealth/ihz074 -
Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy :... Feb 2020Acinetobacter spp. are known to be a cause of nosocomial infections and to have diverse mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials. Here, we report the case of a patient... (Review)
Review
Acinetobacter spp. are known to be a cause of nosocomial infections and to have diverse mechanisms of resistance to antimicrobials. Here, we report the case of a patient who presented to our emergency department with necrotizing fasciitis due to Acinetobacter junii as confirmed by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Patients with liver cirrhosis are susceptible to gram-negative infection. Moreover, although Acinetobacter spp. infection is best known to be a cause of combat-related-skin and soft-tissue infections, we propose that medical professionals need to consider the presence of these potentially multi-drug-resistant, gram-negative pathogens when treating patients with liver cirrhosis who present with severe soft-tissue infections. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of severe-skin and soft-tissue infections caused by A. junii.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter Infections; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Community-Acquired Infections; Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Leg; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Treatment Outcome; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 31680035
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.09.018 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jan 2020Lipopeptide biosurfactants (LPBs) are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms exhibiting various biological activities. The main aim of the present study was to...
Lipopeptide biosurfactants (LPBs) are amphiphilic compounds produced by microorganisms exhibiting various biological activities. The main aim of the present study was to assess the in vitro antimicrobial, anti-biofilm, and cytotoxic effects of LPB produced by Acinetobacter junii (AjL). We determined AjL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as two fungal strains. Also, the anti-biofilm activity of AjL against the biofilm produced by clinically isolated bacterial strains was investigated. The AjL non-selectively showed activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The obtained results of the present study exhibited that the AjL in concentrations nearly below critical micelle concentration (CMC) has an effective antibacterial activity. It was found that the MIC values of AjL were lower than standard antifungal and it exhibited nearly 100% inhibition against Candida utilis. The attained results of the biofilm formation revealed that AjL disrupted the biofilm of Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 1250 μg/ml and 2500 μg/ml concentrations. The attained results of cytotoxic effect (determined by WST-1 assay) of the AjL revealed IC of 7.8 ± 0.4 mg/ml, 2.4 ± 0.5 mg/ml, and 5.7 ± 0.1 mg/ml, against U87, KB, and HUVEC cell lines, respectively. The results indicated that AjL has a potential application in the relatively new field of biomedicine.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; Bacteria; Biofilms; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fungi; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells; Humans; Lipopeptides; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Staphylococcus aureus; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 31629797
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103806 -
Bioresource Technology Dec 2019The study aimed to evaluate biopolymer production using two bacterial strains, Acinetobacter junii BP25 and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966, and their co-culture. Batch...
The study aimed to evaluate biopolymer production using two bacterial strains, Acinetobacter junii BP25 and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966, and their co-culture. Batch experiments were evaluated using acetate and butyrate as carbon sources in feast and famine strategy. Feast phase was studied using carbon, nitrates and phosphate in the ratio of 100:8:1 and famine phase was limited with the phosphate and nitrates. Co-culture resulted in highest specific growth rate (0.30 h) in the feast phase and the famine phase accounted the maximum polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) accumulation (2.46 g PHB/L), followed by Acinetobacter junii BP25 (0.25 h and 1.82 g PHB/L) and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966 (0.17 h and 1.12 g PHB/L). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) structural analysis confirmed as PHB. PHB production using the co-culture could be integrated with biohydrogen process using volatile fatty acids (VFA) as a carbon source in the biorefinery framework.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Aeromonas hydrophila; Bioreactors; Butyrates; Coculture Techniques; Hydroxybutyrates; Polyesters; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared
PubMed: 31494436
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.122062 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Jul 2019The study has been carried out to develop a plant-microbes assisted remediation technology to accelerate polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation and heavy metals...
The study has been carried out to develop a plant-microbes assisted remediation technology to accelerate polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) degradation and heavy metals (HMs) removal in a microcosmic experiment. The quaternary mixture of PAHs (phenanthrene, anthracene, pyrene, and benzo[a] pyrene) and metals (Cr, Ni, and Pb) spiked the soil, constructing a microcosm; the microcosms were bioaugmented with newly developed plant bacterial consortia (Cpm and Cpm). The microcosms were amended with biochar (sieved particle size 0.5-2 mm) as redox regulators to reduce oxidative stress of plant-microbe systems. To formulate the two plant-bacterial consortia, plant species were collected and bacteria were isolated from oil spill soil. The bacterial strains used in two formulated consortia includes ─ Cpm (Enterobacter cloacae HS32, Brevibacillus reuszeri HS37, and Stenotrophomonas sp. HS16) and Cpm (Acinetobacter junii HS29, Enterobacter aerogenes HS39 and Enterobacter asburiae HS22). The PAHs degradation and metal removal efficacy of the consortia (Cpm and Cpm) were studied after 24 weeks of trial. The physicochemical properties of microcosm's soil (M and M) were assessed after experimentation, which resulted in the finding that the soil exhibits dropped in pH from basic to neutral after application of the plant microbe's consortium. The electrical conductivity was lower in M and M soils, with a range between 1.60 and 1.80 mS/cm after the treatment. The Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) results illustrate how metabolites with the different molecular weight (M.W) were found in M and M soils (184─446), as a result of the plant-microbes mediated rhizodegradation of four spiked PAHs. The metals in microcosm's soil are very low in concentration after 24 weeks of trial when compared to control(M). The Cr, Ni and Pb removal percentages were found in 45.79, 42.19 and 44.85 in M. However, the removal percentages were found to be 45.41, 41.47 and 44.25 respectively for these same HMs in M soil. Both the consortia that were newly developed showed similar trends of metals removal and PAHs degradation. This study provides a breakthrough in the area of rhizosphere engineering with the goal of maintaining a sustainable application of plant-microbes in ecosystem services.
Topics: Bacteria; Biodegradation, Environmental; Charcoal; Metals, Heavy; Microbiota; Petroleum Pollution; Plants; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Rhizosphere; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants
PubMed: 30947032
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.081 -
RSC Advances Mar 2019The bioactive potential of Actinobacteria endemic to hot springs has rarely been investigated. This study highlights the cultivable diversity and bioactivities of...
The bioactive potential of Actinobacteria endemic to hot springs has rarely been investigated. This study highlights the cultivable diversity and bioactivities of Actinobacteria associated with the Unkeshwar hot springs, India. Potent strains were evaluated for their biosynthetic potentials and metabolite analysis was performed using effective dereplication molecular networking tools. A total of 86 actinobacterial strains were isolated and grouped into 21 distinct genera, based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. These strains included rare members such as , , , , , , , , and . In antimicrobial screening, sp. strain GH99 and sp. strain GH176 were found to be potent antimicrobial strains. The metabolic extracts of these strains exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against (NCIM 2493), (NCIM 5265), (NCIM 2098), and (NCIM 2257). The extracts also displayed strong anti-biofilm and anticancer activities against (NCIM 5029), (NCIM 5188) and breast cancer cell line MCF7, respectively. Both strains also tested positive for the presence of the PKS biosynthetic gene cluster in their genomes. To effectively delineate the secondary metabolites, the extracts were subjected to MS/MS-guided molecular networking analysis. Structurally diverse compounds including the polyketides 22-dehydroxymethyl-kijanolide (GH99 strain) and Abyssomicin I (GH176 strain) were detected in the extracts. Interestingly, Brevianamide F was detected in the extract of , which has previously been mostly found in fungal species. Other compounds such as cyclic tripeptides, Cyclo(l-Pro-d-Ile) and Cyclo(d-Pro-l-Phe), were also identified in this strain. In summary, for the first time, we explored the diversity of Actinobacteria and evaluated their bioactive potential from the Unkeshwar hot springs. The potent strains isolated in the study could be useful in drug discovery programs.
PubMed: 35520740
DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09449g -
Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology 2019Polymicrobial biofilms often form on the surfaces of food-processing machinery, causing equipment damage and posing a contamination risk for the foods processed by the...
Polymicrobial biofilms often form on the surfaces of food-processing machinery, causing equipment damage and posing a contamination risk for the foods processed by the system. The composition of the microbial communities that make up these biofilms is largely unknown, especially in the dairy industry. To address this deficit, we investigated the bacterial composition of biofilms that form on the surfaces of equipment during dairy processing using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and culture-dependent methods. Illumina sequencing identified eight phyla, comprising six classes, ten orders, fifteen families, eighteen genera, and eighteen species. In contrast, only eight species were isolated from the same samples using the culture-based method. To determine the ability of the identified bacteria to form biofilms, biofilm formation analysis via crystal violet staining was performed. Five of the eight culturable species, , , , and , were able to form biofilms. Since most of the identified bacteria are potential food-borne or opportunistic pathogens, this study provides guidance for quality control of products produced in dairy processing facilities.
Topics: Bacterial Typing Techniques; Biofilms; Cell Culture Techniques; Dairying; Equipment Contamination; Equipment and Supplies; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 30896323
DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2019.1587623 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Mar 2019We report here the draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter junii MHI21018, isolated in 2009 from bovine colostrum. The draft genome sequence is composed of 3,267,995 bp,...
We report here the draft genome sequence of Acinetobacter junii MHI21018, isolated in 2009 from bovine colostrum. The draft genome sequence is composed of 3,267,995 bp, has a GC content of 38.54%, and was assembled into 114 contigs (contig size, >500 bp) with an value of 72,566 bp.
PubMed: 30863829
DOI: 10.1128/MRA.01700-18 -
Journal of Special Operations Medicine... 2019The genus Acinetobacter has long been associated with war wounds. Indeed, A baumannii was responsible for so many infected wounds during Operation Iraqi Freedom that it...
The genus Acinetobacter has long been associated with war wounds. Indeed, A baumannii was responsible for so many infected wounds during Operation Iraqi Freedom that it was given the nickname "Iraqibacter." Therefore, it is important to monitor the occurrence and spread of Acinetobacter species in military populations and to identify new or unusual sources of infection. A junii is an infrequently reported human pathogen. Here, we report a case of a slow-healing wound infection with A junii in a woman on the island of Oahu. This case highlights the pathogenic potential of this organism and the need for proper wound care when dealing with slow-healing wounds of unknown etiology. It also underscores the need for identifying species of Acinetobacter that are not A baumannii to better understand the epidemiology of slow-healing wound infections.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Female; Hawaii; Humans; Military Personnel; Wound Healing; Wound Infection
PubMed: 30859518
DOI: 10.55460/DGPW-LSEN