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International Journal of Ophthalmology 2024To investigate ocular surface disorders and tear function changes in patients with acne vulgaris and explore the potential relationship between acne vulgaris and dry eye.
AIM
To investigate ocular surface disorders and tear function changes in patients with acne vulgaris and explore the potential relationship between acne vulgaris and dry eye.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included right eyes of 53 patients with acne vulgaris and 54 healthy controls. The participants completed the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire. The following ocular surface-related parameters were measured: tear meniscus height (TMH), noninvasive tear breakup time (NIBUT), Schirmer I test (SIT), lipid layer thickness (LLT) score of the tear film, meibum score, meibomian gland orifice obstruction score, the ratio of meibomian gland loss, conjunctival hyperemia score, and corneal fluorescein staining (CFS) score.
RESULTS
The stability of the tear film decreased in acne vulgaris patients. In the acne group, the TMH and NIBUT were lower, whereas the OSDI, meibum score, meibomian gland orifice obstruction score, ratio of meibomian gland loss, and conjunctival hyperemia score were higher compared with controls (<0.05). There were no significant differences in the CFS score, SIT, or LLT score between the groups (>0.05). In two dry eye groups, the TMH, NIBUT, and LLT score were lower in the acne with dry eye (acne-DE) group, and the meibum score, meibomian gland orifice obstruction score, ratio of meibomian gland loss and conjunctival hyperemia score in the acne-DE group were higher (<0.05). There were no significant differences between OSDI, SIT, and CFS score (>0.05).
CONCLUSION
Patients with moderate-to-severe acne vulgaris are more likely to experience dry eye than those without acne vulgaris. Reduced tear film stability and meibomian gland structure dysfunction are more pronounced in patients with moderate-to-severe acne and dry eye.
PubMed: 38895667
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2024.06.09 -
Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Jun 2024Therapeutic dogma has been to treat acne scars no less than 6 months after isotretinoin (ITN) cessation.
Fractional Radiofrequency and Oral Isotretinoin-A Prospective Randomized Controlled Split-Face Trial Comparing Concurrent Versus Delayed Fractional Radiofrequency Treatment for Acne Scars.
BACKGROUND
Therapeutic dogma has been to treat acne scars no less than 6 months after isotretinoin (ITN) cessation.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of fractional radiofrequency (FRF) in patients treated concurrently with ITN.
METHODS
We conducted a prospective randomized control 3-arm comparative trial to evaluate the treatment of acne scars. Patients received one of three treatment options: (A) ITN and FRF concurrent treatment, (B) ITN monotherapy, and (C) FRF 6 months post-ITN treatment. Patients in the FRF cohorts received three monthly sessions. Patients were followed for adverse effects up to 6-9 months post-FRF treatment. Final cosmesis was scored by three independent dermatologists using two scales: the Echelle d'Evaluation Clinique des Cicatrices d'Acne (ECCA) and an internal 5-point investigator's scale, indicating the percentage of improvement. Subjective analyses by patients were also assessed.
RESULTS
Objective and subjective analyses revealed improvement in the ITN-FRF cohort, which was superior to the delayed FRF cohort and the ITN monotherapy cohort. Specifically, the concurrently treated cohort (ITN-FRF) had a significant reduction in acne scar volume from baseline mean (151.1 ± 44.7 to 97.0 ± 31.2, p < 0.005), outperforming both the delayed FRF and monotherapy ITN treatment cohorts, respectively (155.4 ± 37.8 to 122.0 ± 46.2, 144.6 ± 82.8 to 132.4 ± 62.7). Additionally, the concurrently treated cohort demonstrated improved ECCA scores (36.8 ± 15.5), significantly better than the ITN monotherapy cohort (101.5 ± 20.1, p < 0.01).
LIMITATIONS
Limited patient sample size: 38 patients completed the study; mostly Fitzpatrick Type II-III skin; photographic assessments utilized.
CONCLUSION
Per our prospective trial, concurrent treatment of ITN-FRF is superior to delayed FRF treatment 6 months post-ITN cessation.
PubMed: 38890778
DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23811 -
Dermatologic Surgery : Official... Jun 2024Adult populations have traditionally been the primary recipients of cosmetic treatments, but a growing trend shows an increase in such procedures among pediatric...
BACKGROUND
Adult populations have traditionally been the primary recipients of cosmetic treatments, but a growing trend shows an increase in such procedures among pediatric patients.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the authors' study was to investigate types of procedures currently being performed by pediatric and cosmetic dermatologists and factors that may influence their choice of treatments in a pediatric population.
METHODS
The authors conducted an anonymous online survey targeting healthcare practitioners who frequently use lasers for pediatric cutaneous conditions. The survey collected information on participants' primary scope of practice, pediatric cosmetic procedures they performed, counseling topics, and procedural details.
RESULTS
Of 85 survey respondents, 73 (86.00%) completed all questions. Most respondents identified as pediatric dermatologists (77.65%), followed by general dermatologists (18.82%), cosmetic dermatologists (8.24%), and dermatologic/Mohs surgeons (1.18%). Top pediatric cosmetic conditions treated included hypertrophic/traumatic scars (95.29%), acne (89.41%), axillary and facial hyperhidrosis (77.65%), hypertrichosis/hirsutism (67.06%), and pigmented lesion removal (64.71%). Commonly performed procedures were vascular lasers (77.65%), laser hair removal (50.59%), and pigmented lasers (28.24%), among others. Respondents prioritized understanding risks/benefits, clinically indicated treatment, and the natural course of the condition.
CONCLUSION
As the first multisociety, national survey, these results offer valuable insight into the current landscape of pediatric cosmetic treatments from the perspective of dermatologists.
PubMed: 38889095
DOI: 10.1097/DSS.0000000000004287 -
Endokrynologia Polska Jun 2024Trenbolone is a synthetic analogue of testosterone, belonging to the nandrolone group. It has both a strong anabolic effect and a limited androgenic effect (i.e. an...
Trenbolone is a synthetic analogue of testosterone, belonging to the nandrolone group. It has both a strong anabolic effect and a limited androgenic effect (i.e. an androgen and anabolic steroid - AAS). It is used illegally by professional or amateur athletes, who want to improve their athletic performance and appearance by increasing their muscle mass. Trenbolone, like other AASs, are harmful, with 90% of users experiencing injurious side effects. It acts systemically on the body, and as such, its side effects can manifest as symptoms from different systems. Nevertheless, its popularity is increasing. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the adverse effects of trenbolone on the nervous, reproductive, immune systems and breast, muscular and adipose tissues. However, various other adverse consequences of trenbolone utilization are observed, with severe acne and gynaecomastia affecting approximately one-third of all users, as well as excessive body hair, stretch marks, hypertension and cardiac arrhythmia. The drugs are also subject to contamination, with use frequently resulting in local inflammation at the injection site, muscle adhesions and fibrosis, nerve damage or, in extreme cases, necrosis of the injection site. Additionally, due to the lack of available knowledge on the subject, many of the effects of trenbolone use remain unknown. Moreover, the fact that multiple AASs may be used simultaneously presents a significant problem in their study. Therefore, further research is necessary to better understand the effects of AAS on the body, and to expand our currently incomplete knowledge of their functional pathways.
PubMed: 38887114
DOI: 10.5603/ep.99130 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Jun 2024The aim of this study is to systematically review randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) studying various types of regenerative medicine methods (such as...
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study is to systematically review randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) studying various types of regenerative medicine methods (such as platelet-rich plasma, stromal vascular fraction, cell therapy, conditioned media, etc.) in treating specific dermatologic diseases. Rejuvenation, scarring, wound healing, and other secondary conditions of skin damage were not investigated in this study.
METHOD
Major databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were meticulously searched for RCTs up to January 2024, focusing on regenerative medicine interventions for specific dermatologic disorders (such as androgenetic alopecia, vitiligo, alopecia areata, etc.). Key data extracted encompassed participant characteristics and sample sizes, types of regenerative therapy, treatment efficacy, and adverse events.
RESULTS
In this systematic review, 64 studies involving a total of 2888 patients were examined. Women constituted 44.8% of the study population, while men made up 55.2% of the participants, with an average age of 27.64 years. The most frequently studied skin diseases were androgenetic alopecia (AGA) (45.3%) and vitiligo (31.2%). The most common regenerative methods investigated for these diseases were PRP and the transplantation of autologous epidermal melanocyte/keratinocyte cells, respectively. Studies reported up to 68.4% improvement in AGA and up to 71% improvement in vitiligo. Other diseases included in the review were alopecia areata, melasma, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA), inflammatory acne vulgaris, chronic telogen effluvium, erosive oral lichen planus, and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Regenerative medicine was found to be an effective treatment option in all of these studies, along with other methods. The regenerative medicine techniques investigated in this study comprised the transplantation of autologous epidermal melanocyte/keratinocyte cells, isolated melanocyte transplantation, cell transplantation from hair follicle origins, melanocyte-keratinocyte suspension in PRP, conditioned media injection, a combination of PRP and basic fibroblast growth factor, intravenous injection of mesenchymal stem cells, concentrated growth factor, stromal vascular fraction (SVF), a combination of PRP and SVF, and preserving hair grafts in PRP.
CONCLUSION
Regenerative medicine holds promise as a treatment for specific dermatologic disorders. To validate our findings, it is recommended to conduct numerous clinical trials focusing on various skin conditions. In our study, we did not explore secondary skin lesions like scars or ulcers. Therefore, assessing the effectiveness of this treatment method for addressing these conditions would necessitate a separate study.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Platelet-Rich Plasma; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Regenerative Medicine; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 38886861
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03800-6 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Jun 2024The prominence of minimally invasive aesthetic approaches has become increasingly pivotal. The endo-lift laser method is an intralesional 1470 nm diode laser connected... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The prominence of minimally invasive aesthetic approaches has become increasingly pivotal. The endo-lift laser method is an intralesional 1470 nm diode laser connected to a fiber that serves both therapeutic and aesthetic properties. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the endo-lift laser method for dermatological aesthetic applications.
METHODS
PubMed, Ovid-Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched up to November 5, 2023. A citation search was also performed. The National Institute of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies.
RESULTS
Out of 339 articles, twenty-three relevant studies were included in the current review. Applying the endo-lift laser method for rejuvenation, including face and neck lifting, enhancing skin laxity, and disappearing wrinkles, folds, and lines, demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety profile. Moreover, most studies have shown that the endo-lift laser method is promising in eliminating the adipose tissue in the jowl, abdomen, thighs, and arms. The endo-lift laser technique was also efficacious in nose remodeling and blepharoplastic procedures, including treating eyelid and eyebrow ptosis, eye bag, eyebrow position, and eyelid laxity. Patients who suffer from several diseases, such as hidradenitis suppurativa, progressive lipodystrophy, acne vulgaris, scars, and keloids, benefit from procedural treatment with the endo-lift laser technique. Across all studies, the adverse events were mild and self-limiting. Investigating the endo-lift laser method in all aesthetic and therapeutic indications resulted in high patient satisfaction rates.
CONCLUSION
The endo-lift laser technique has therapeutic effects and is recommended for various dermatological aesthetic indications. Further clinical studies with control groups and larger sample sizes are needed to acquire more reliable evidence.
LEVELS OF EVIDENCE III AND IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
PubMed: 38886198
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04082-2 -
International Journal of Women's... Jun 2024Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by deep-seated, painful lesions most frequently occurring in intertriginous areas of the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by deep-seated, painful lesions most frequently occurring in intertriginous areas of the skin. HS leads to poor quality of life in affected individuals and is difficult to diagnose and treat.
OBJECTIVE
Understanding the genetics associated with familial inheritance may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of this debilitating disease.
METHODS
Articles published until March 9, 2023, were identified in PubMed using the following search terms: hidradenitis suppurativa and gene* or acne inversa and gene*.
RESULTS
The rate of monogenic mutations associated with HS is less than 7%, with the most common genetic mutations reported in sporadic and familial HS cases being in and less frequently in Individuals with mutations in the gamma-secretase complex tended to have more severe HS and an early age of onset.
LIMITATIONS
This study was limited to the case studies available in PubMed, the majority of which used targeted gene panels to detect genetic mutations.
CONCLUSION
Approximately 30% of individuals diagnosed with HS report having a positive family history; however, very few studies demonstrate monogenic familial transmission of HS. The case studies of syndromic HS reported a variety of genetic mutations associated with HS, some of which were familial, while others were sporadic, suggesting that other pathways may be involved in the pathogenesis of HS and other potential mutations that have yet to be evaluated. More research is needed to understand the genetic mutations in HS.
PubMed: 38884063
DOI: 10.1097/JW9.0000000000000158 -
Cureus May 2024Background Numerous clinical signs and symptoms are thought to be associated with insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of insulin...
Background Numerous clinical signs and symptoms are thought to be associated with insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of insulin resistance among male medical students attending a private Saudi Arabian institution, based on clinical indications. Methods A convenient non-probability sample consisting of 241 male medical students was used to conduct cross-sectional research. Each participant had an in-person interview as well as anthropometric measurements. The interview consisted of a questionnaire that was used to assess demographic data and clinical manifestations related to insulin resistance. Results The study demonstrated the connection between a few dermatological symptoms and waist circumference as an indicator of insulin resistance. In both the high and normal waist circumference groups, acne was the most common symptom. There was no correlation found between waist circumference and psoriasis, hidradenitis suppurativa, androgenic alopecia, alopecia areata, or vitiligo. Nevertheless, as an indicator of insulin resistance, waist circumference was statistically significantly correlated with both skin tags and acanthosis nigricans. Most students had excessive day sleep, foggy brains, struggled with planning and solving problems, and had a memory that became worse in the past few years. In addition, many students feel hungry even after eating some sweets and usually have extreme thirst. Conclusion Among medical students, skin tags, acanthosis nigricans, and acne were the most prevalent dermatological manifestations. Clinicians need to be aware that skin conditions, sleep difficulties throughout the day, changes in cognition, and food cravings might all be indicators of internal changes and/or illnesses such as diabetes and prediabetes.
PubMed: 38883100
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60327 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Wood apple () has been reported to possess various pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the 11 selected constituents of Wood apple () as...
BACKGROUND
Wood apple () has been reported to possess various pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to evaluate the 11 selected constituents of Wood apple () as potent anti-dandruff and anti-acne agents using a molecular docking approach.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The 11 selected constituents of Wood apple were studied on the molecular docking behavior of Lipase-1 and beta-keto acyl synthase-III enzymes by using the patchdock method. Furthermore, STITCH analysis was carried out to determine the ligand-protein interactions. STITCH analysis reveals that two ligands, namely, psoralen and umbelliferone, have exhibited interactions with both the and KPA 171202 proteins.
RESULTS
The docking studies revealed that isopimpinellin and saponarin exhibited the highest (ACE) atomic contact energy (-162.32 and - 318.63 kcal/mol) with that of Lipase-1 and beta-ketoacyl synthase-III, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Thus, the present finding provides new knowledge for understanding the 11 selected ligands of Wood apple () as potent anti-dandruff and anti-acne agents.
PubMed: 38882809
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_508_23 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Acne scars can greatly impact patient quality of life. While treatment options have included mi- croneedling, the recent addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to this...
Acne scars can greatly impact patient quality of life. While treatment options have included mi- croneedling, the recent addition of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to this regimen has led to an increased popularity of combination treatment. Here, we aimed to review the efficacy of microneedling and PRP therapies and review the literature on combination treatment for acne scars.
PubMed: 38882758
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_804_23