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Medicine Nov 2023Actinobacillus ureae (A. ureae) is an unusual commensal of human respiratory flora, rarely causing human infection. The predisposing factors, identification, clinical... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Actinobacillus ureae (A. ureae) is an unusual commensal of human respiratory flora, rarely causing human infection. The predisposing factors, identification, clinical features, and antibiotic therapy of A. ureae are seldomly reported. Herein, we present a case of 64-year-old man affected by A. ureae pneumonia after intracranial surgery.
PATIENT CONCERNS AND DIAGNOSES
A 64-year-old male was admitted with vomiting, drowsiness, and a severe disturbance of consciousness and was later diagnosed with cerebral hemorrhage by computed tomography images. After a craniocerebral surgery, the patient suffered from intractable pneumonia, experiencing treatment failure with multiple anti-bacterial agents. Sputum culture yield pure colonies of A. ureae, confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
INTERVENTIONS
Minocycline (100 mg p.o. per 12 hours) with a course of 15 days was administrated for this patient.
OUTCOMES
The respiratory symptoms, presenting as intermittent coughing with purulent and yellowish sputum, were gone. A 3-month follow-up examination showed a complete resolution of radiological findings.
LESSONS
Clinically, the actual incidence of A. ureae pneumonia may be higher than that we generally recognized, and clinicians should consider A. ureae as a possible etiologic agent in patients with predispositions. Currently, A. ureae may be susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, and third-generation cephalosporins. Other antibacterial agents, such as tetracycline, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and aminoglycosides also respond well and can be a choice in the treatment of A. ureae infections.
Topics: Male; Humans; Middle Aged; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Pneumonia
PubMed: 37986302
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036087 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Oct 2019Ten strains of an -like organism were isolated from alpaca () in the UK over a period of 5 years, with no known epidemiological linkages. The isolates are distinct,...
Ten strains of an -like organism were isolated from alpaca () in the UK over a period of 5 years, with no known epidemiological linkages. The isolates are distinct, based on both phenotype and genotype, from any previously described species. Molecular analysis, based on 16S rRNA, and gene sequences, placed the isolates as a novel, early branching, lineage within the currently recognised . In agreement with the results of the single-gene analysis, average nucleotide identity values, based on whole genome sequences, showed very similar identities to a number of members of the notably , and . At least two phenotypic characteristics differentiate the alpaca isolates from other species, and from taxa likely falling within this group but awaiting formal species description, with and subsp. being the most closely related phenotypically. The alpaca isolates can be differentiated from by production of β-galactosidase (ONPG) and acid from raffinose, and from subsp. by production of acid from d-sorbitol and failure to produce acid from d-xylose. Isolates were obtained from multiple sites in alpaca including respiratory tract, alimentary tract and internal organs although further evidence is required to understand any pathogenic significance. Based on the results of characterization described here, it is proposed that the isolates constitute a novel species, sp. nov. The type strain is W1618 (LMG30745 NCTC14090) isolated in the UK in 2012 from oesophageal ulceration in an alpaca ().
Topics: Actinobacillus; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Camelids, New World; DNA, Bacterial; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Male; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; United Kingdom
PubMed: 31395108
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003607 -
Environment International Jun 2019The size nature of sludge flocs could affect the occurrence and distribution of bacterial pathogens in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, the floc-size...
The size nature of sludge flocs could affect the occurrence and distribution of bacterial pathogens in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). In this study, the floc-size dependence of bacterial pathogens in the activated sludge of a WWTP was investigated using high-throughput metagenomic sequencing approaches. The results showed that a total of 423 pathogenic species belonging to 123 genera were identified in the three size-fractionated flocs. Also, we found that all the pathogens on the WHO's global priority pathogens list were detected in the size-fractionated flocs, with relative abundance of 0.4%, 0.3% and 0.3% for large-size, medium-size and small-size flocs, respectively, indicating the severe human and environmental health risks of activated sludge. Importantly, our results revealed that the pathogenic species showed a clear floc-size dependent distribution manner, leading to significant differences (P < 0.05) of pathogenic communities among the size-fractionated flocs. Additionally, by partitioning pathogens based on the occurrence and significant difference in abundances, we suggested the following distribution features: 1) large flocs-associated pathogens, such as Borrelia recurrentis, Actinobacillus ureae and Campylobacter gracilis; 2) medium flocs-associated pathogens, such as Mycobacterium szulgai and Ureaplasma urealyticum; and 3) small flocs-associated pathogens, such as Rickettsia akari, Staphylococcus anginosus and Helicobacter cinaedi. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of pathogens in activated sludge, which is expected to aid in assessment and management of pathogen risks.
Topics: Bacteria; Bioreactors; Flocculation; Humans; Sewage
PubMed: 30991220
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.04.002 -
Biochemistry Apr 2019Class I ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) share a common mechanism of nucleotide reduction in a catalytic α subunit. All RNRs initiate catalysis with a thiyl radical,...
Class I ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs) share a common mechanism of nucleotide reduction in a catalytic α subunit. All RNRs initiate catalysis with a thiyl radical, generated in class I enzymes by a metallocofactor in a separate β subunit. Class Id RNRs use a simple mechanism of cofactor activation involving oxidation of a Mn cluster by free superoxide to yield a metal-based MnMn oxidant. This simple cofactor assembly pathway suggests that class Id RNRs may be representative of the evolutionary precursors to more complex class Ia-c enzymes. X-ray crystal structures of two class Id α proteins from Flavobacterium johnsoniae ( Fj) and Actinobacillus ureae ( Au) reveal that this subunit is distinctly small. The enzyme completely lacks common N-terminal ATP-cone allosteric motifs that regulate overall activity, a process that normally occurs by dATP-induced formation of inhibitory quaternary structures to prevent productive β subunit association. Class Id RNR activity is insensitive to dATP in the Fj and Au enzymes evaluated here, as expected. However, the class Id α protein from Fj adopts higher-order structures, detected crystallographically and in solution. The Au enzyme does not exhibit these quaternary forms. Our study reveals structural similarity between bacterial class Id and eukaryotic class Ia α subunits in conservation of an internal auxiliary domain. Our findings with the Fj enzyme illustrate that nucleotide-independent higher-order quaternary structures can form in simple RNRs with truncated or missing allosteric motifs.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Adenosine Triphosphate; Allosteric Regulation; Amino Acid Sequence; Biocatalysis; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Deoxyribonucleotides; Flavobacterium; Models, Molecular; Phylogeny; Protein Conformation; Ribonucleotide Reductases; Scattering, Small Angle; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; X-Ray Diffraction
PubMed: 30855138
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01252 -
New Microbes and New Infections Nov 2016A 62-year-old man with asthma sought care for intermittent fever, cough with expectoration, breathlessness and orthopnoea with grunting. Computed tomography revealed...
A 62-year-old man with asthma sought care for intermittent fever, cough with expectoration, breathlessness and orthopnoea with grunting. Computed tomography revealed clusters of centrilobular nodules on both sides with a tree-in-bud appearance and mild diffuse bronchial wall thickening. Sputum sample grew pure colonies of which was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and 16SrRNA gene sequencing. A. ureae may be an additional bacteriologic causative agent of the tree-in-bud pattern on computed tomographic scan.
PubMed: 27752324
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2016.09.005 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Feb 2012Avian haemolytic Actinobacillus-like organisms have tentatively been named Bisgaard taxon 26. Phenotypic information has been published on 65 strains of this taxon. In...
Avian haemolytic Actinobacillus-like organisms have tentatively been named Bisgaard taxon 26. Phenotypic information has been published on 65 strains of this taxon. In the current study, 31 isolates were selected for genotypic characterization. Thirty strains had the same rpoB sequence and only one strain diverged in 1 nt. The highest rpoB similarity to members of other taxa was 89.7 % to the type strain of Actinobacillus equuli subsp. haemolyticus and the similarity to the type strain of the type species, Actinobacillus lignieresii, was 88.2 %. The lowest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains of the group was determined in previous investigations to be 99.6 % and the highest similarities of 96.4 and 96.2 % outside the group were obtained to the reference strain of Actinobacillus genomospecies 2 and to the type strain of A. equuli subsp. equuli, respectively; 95.8-95.3 % similarity was obtained with the type strain of A. lignieresii. recN gene sequence similarities within the group were from 99.5 % (strains F66(T) and F64) to 99.8 % (strains F66(T) and F67) corresponding to genome similarities of 93.9-94.6 %, which are near the upper limit for species compared with other members of the Pasteurellaceae. The highest recN similarity outside the group (83.4 %) was observed to the type strain of Actinobacillus capsulatus, whereas the similarity to the type strain of A. lignieresii was 80.9 %, corresponding to genome similarities of 57.7 and 52.0 %, respectively. All isolates meet the phenotypic characters outlined for Actinobacillus (urease-, phosphatase- and porphyrin-positive, indole-negative, acid production from fructose, sucrose, maltose and dextrin). β-Haemolysis of bovine blood is observed and isolates may demonstrate in vitro satellitic growth, referred to as V-factor or NAD requirement. Isolates have been obtained from the upper respiratory tract of web-footed birds in which they may cause sinusitis, conjunctivitis and septicaemia. Based on the characterization reported, it is proposed that the isolates belong to a novel species, Actinobacillus anseriformium sp. nov., which includes taxon 26 and a V-factor-dependent strain. The major fatty acids of the type strain are C(16 : 1)ω7c, C(14 : 0), C(16 : 0) and C(14 : 0) 3-OH and/or iso-C(16 : 1) I, corresponding to the profile observed for the type strain of A. lignieresii. Five to 12 characters separate A. anseriformium from other taxa of Actinobacillus, with Actinobacillus ureae being most closely related; A. anseriformium can be differentiated from A. ureae based on haemolysis, β-glucosidase, and production of acid from (-)-D-sorbitol, trehalose and glycosides. The type strain of A. anseriformium is F66(T) ( = CCUG 60324(T) = CCM 7846(T)), which was isolated from conjunctivitis in a White Pekin duck.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Anseriformes; Bacterial Proteins; Bird Diseases; Cattle; DNA Restriction Enzymes; DNA, Bacterial; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Genotype; Hemolysis; Molecular Sequence Data; Pasteurellaceae; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Respiratory Tract Infections; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 21441378
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.028746-0 -
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious... 200727 cases of Actinobacillus ureae infections including 14 cases of meningitis have been reported. We describe 1 case of Actinobacillus ureae meningitis in a 75-y-old... (Review)
Review
27 cases of Actinobacillus ureae infections including 14 cases of meningitis have been reported. We describe 1 case of Actinobacillus ureae meningitis in a 75-y-old patient. Risk factors, clinical outcome and treatment of Actinobacillus ureae infections are discussed. Actinobacillus ureae may behave as an opportunistic pathogen causing severe infections in immunocompromised patients.
Topics: Actinobacillus; Aged; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Opportunistic Infections
PubMed: 17852903
DOI: 10.1080/00365540701558755 -
Pediatrics International : Official... Jun 2007
Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Acute Disease; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child, Preschool; Clavulanic Acid; Conjunctiva; Conjunctivitis; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Therapy, Combination; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans
PubMed: 17532849
DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2007.02365.x -
Research in Veterinary Science Feb 2006The Haemophilus parasuis aroA gene encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and participates in the aromatic amino acids and the folic acid universal...
The Haemophilus parasuis aroA gene encodes 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase and participates in the aromatic amino acids and the folic acid universal metabolic pathway of bacteria. The application of aroA-based PCR-RFLP methodology yields a significant degree of diversity in H. parasuis and Actinobacillus species. PCR amplification of the aroA gene rendered a 1,067-bp fragment in all 15 H. parasuis serovars, and also in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1-12, Actinobacillus lignieresii, Actinobacillus equuli, Actinobacillus porcinus, Actinobacillus rossii, Actinobacillus suis, Actinobacillus ureae, Actinobacillus minor and Actinobacillus indolicus. Sau3AI and RsaI digestions of the aroA PCR products rendered seven different restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns: group I (H. parasuis serovars 1, 2, 4-6, and 8-15, A. porcinus and A. ureae), group II (H. parasuis serovars 3 and 7, and A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4, 5, 9, 11 and 12), group III (A. lignieresii), group IV (A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7), group V (A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 3, 6 and 8, A. equuli, A. rossii, A. minor and A. indolicus), group VI (A. suis) and group VII (A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 10). This is the first report describing the presence of aroA gene in H. parasuis, A. lignieresii, A. porcinus, A. rossii, A. suis, A. ureae, A. minor and A. indolicus and the data presented here demonstrates a significant degree of aroA genetic diversity in H. parasuis and species of the genus Actinobacillus.
Topics: 3-Phosphoshikimate 1-Carboxyvinyltransferase; Actinobacillus; Genetic Variation; Haemophilus parasuis; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Species Specificity
PubMed: 15936788
DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.03.004 -
The Journal of Rheumatology Aug 2004Actinobacillus ureae, formerly known as Pasteurella ureae, is a rare human pathogen. We describe a case of septic arthritis and abscess formation caused by this unusual...
Actinobacillus ureae, formerly known as Pasteurella ureae, is a rare human pathogen. We describe a case of septic arthritis and abscess formation caused by this unusual organism in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, who was being treated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors.
Topics: Abscess; Actinobacillus Infections; Arthritis, Infectious; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Drug Therapy, Combination; Etanercept; Female; Forearm; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunosuppressive Agents; Knee Joint; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Methotrexate; Middle Aged; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 15290751
DOI: No ID Found