-
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Previous studies have suggested a link between gut microbiota and skin diseases, including erysipelas, an inflammatory skin condition. Despite this, the precise nature...
BACKGROUND
Previous studies have suggested a link between gut microbiota and skin diseases, including erysipelas, an inflammatory skin condition. Despite this, the precise nature of the relationship between erysipelas and gut microbiota remains unclear and subject to debate.
METHODS
We conducted a Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis using publicly available summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to explore the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and erysipelas. Instrumental variables (IVs) were identified using a comprehensive set of screening methods. We then performed MR analyses primarily using the Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW) method, complemented by alternative approaches such as MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. A series of sensitivity analyses, including Cochran's Q test, MR-Egger intercept test, Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) test, and a leave-one-out test, were executed to ensure the robustness and validity of our findings.
RESULTS
We identified potential associations between erysipelas and various gut microbiota, including (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.06-1.43; p=0.006), (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.67-0.90; p=0.001), and others. Notably, associations with , , , , , and were also observed. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations.
CONCLUSION
Our MR analysis suggests both potentially beneficial and harmful causal relationships between various gut microbiota and the incidence of erysipelas. This study provides new theoretical and empirical insights into the pathogenesis of erysipelas and underscores the potential for innovative preventive and therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Humans; Erysipelas; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Skin; Bacteroidetes; Clostridiales
PubMed: 38638831
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1371591 -
International Endodontic Journal Apr 2024Microorganisms colonizing the apical root canal system are conceivably the ones directly involved with the causation and maintenance of apical periodontitis. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Microorganisms colonizing the apical root canal system are conceivably the ones directly involved with the causation and maintenance of apical periodontitis.
OBJECTIVES
This article systematically reviews the reports on the microbiome occurring exclusively at the apical root canal of teeth with primary and posttreatment apical periodontitis.
METHODS
The electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Proquest were searched up to August 2023. Clinical studies using culture and molecular microbiology methods to identify the microbial taxa present exclusively in the apical root canal segment of infected teeth with apical periodontitis were included. Studies were critically assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Prevalence Assessment Checklist.
RESULTS
From 2277 articles initially detected, 52 were selected for full reading and 21 were eventually included in this review. Of these, molecular methods were used in 19 and culture in 2 studies. Ten studies evaluated primary infections, 8 evaluated posttreatment infections, and 3 included both. Cryopulverization of the apical root specimens was conducted in 11 studies. All studies evaluated the prevalence and diversity of bacteria, and only one also reported on fungi. Overall, the most frequent/abundant bacterial taxa found in the apical canal of primary infections were Pseudoramibacter alactolyticus, Olsenella uli, Fusobacterium species, Streptococcus species, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Prevotella species, Actinomyces species, Parvimonas micra, Treponema denticola, Synergistetes species, and an as-yet uncharacterized taxon. In posttreatment infections, the most prevalent/abundant bacterial taxa included species of Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, Pseudoramibacter, Pseudomonas, and Propionibacterium. At the phylum level, Firmicutes was the most represented. The average apical bacterial load ranged from 10 to 10 in primary infections and from 10 to 10 in posttreatment infections.
DISCUSSION
Microbial diversity in the apical part of the root canal system was examined encompassing data from both primary and posttreatment infections. Heterogeneity amongst the studies, especially in sample collection and microbial identification methods, is an important limitation that prevented a meta-analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a pronounced bacterial diversity in the infected apical canal, with a high interindividual variability. Different microbiome compositions at the species/genus level are observed according to the infection type.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021275886.
PubMed: 38634795
DOI: 10.1111/iej.14071 -
Journal of Dental Research May 2024Halitosis is a common oral condition, which leads to social embarrassment and affects quality of life. Cumulative evidence has suggested the association of...
Halitosis is a common oral condition, which leads to social embarrassment and affects quality of life. Cumulative evidence has suggested the association of tongue-coating microbiome with the development of intraoral halitosis. The dynamic variations of tongue-coating microbiota and metabolites in halitosis have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the tongue-coating microbial and metabolic characteristics in halitosis subjects without other oral diseases using metagenomics and metabolomics analysis. The participants underwent oral examination, halitosis assessment, and tongue-coating sample collection for the microbiome and metabolome analysis. It was found that the microbiota richness and diversity were significantly elevated in the halitosis group. Furthermore, species from , , , and were significantly more abundant in the halitosis group. However, the and species exhibited opposite tendencies. Eleven Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways were significantly enriched in the halitosis tongue coatings, including cysteine and methionine metabolism. Functional genes related to sulfur, indole, skatole, and cadaverine metabolic processes (such as and ) were identified to be more abundant in the halitosis samples. The metabolome analysis revealed that indole-3-acetic, ornithine, and L-tryptophan were significantly elevated in the halitosis samples. Furthermore, it was observed that the values of volatile sulfur compounds and indole-3-acetic abundances were positively correlated. The multiomics analysis identified the metagenomic and metabolomic characteristics to differentiate halitosis from healthy individuals using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator logistic regression and random forest classifier. A total of 19 species and 39 metabolites were identified as features in halitosis patients, which included indole-3-acetic acid, , , and species. In conclusion, an evident shift in microbiome and metabolome characteristics was observed in the halitosis tongue coating, which may have a potential etiological significance and provide novel insights into the mechanism for halitosis.
Topics: Humans; Halitosis; Tongue; Male; Microbiota; Female; Adult; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Metagenomics; Young Adult; Actinomyces
PubMed: 38623900
DOI: 10.1177/00220345241230067 -
Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland) May 2024Enteral nutrition (EN) involves replacing all or part of a person's habitual diet with a nutritional formula. The impact of varying doses of EN on the gut microbiome...
INTRODUCTION
Enteral nutrition (EN) involves replacing all or part of a person's habitual diet with a nutritional formula. The impact of varying doses of EN on the gut microbiome remains understudied.
METHODS
Healthy adults replaced all (100% EN) or part (85% EN, 50% EN and 20% EN) of their energy requirements with EN for 7 days. Faecal samples were collected before and on day 7 of interventions. Faecal pH, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed. Dietary assessment was performed with 7-day food diaries.
RESULTS
Sixty-one participants (31 females; median (IQR) age: 24.7 (23.0-27.8) years) were recruited. A dose-dependent impact of EN on faecal microbiota, SCFAs, BCFAs) and pH was observed, with changes detectable at EN intakes of at least 50% of energy requirements. 100% and 85% EN reduced the abundance of fibre-fermenting taxa such as Agathobacter, Faecalibaterium, Succinivibrio and Acidaminococcus. In parallel, potentially harmful organisms like Eubacterium, Actinomyces, and Klebsiella increased. In the 50% EN group, adherence to a diet high in fish, vegetables, potatoes, non-alcoholic beverages, and fat spreads, and low in cereal products, milk, and meat negatively correlated with changes in microbiota structure (r = -0.75, P = 0.025). This signal was not observed when using compositional tools for microbiota analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
EN detrimentally influences the faecal microbiota and diet-related bacterial metabolites in a dose-dependent manner, particularly at doses of at least 50%. The findings of this study have implications for the dietary management and counselling of patients receiving high volume EN.
Topics: Humans; Feces; Female; Male; Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Enteral Nutrition; Young Adult
PubMed: 38615449
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.010 -
Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024A hypothesis-forming exploratory cross-sectional assessment was conducted to assess the occurrence and relevance of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria like spp. and...
Preanalytical, Analytical and Postanalytical Analyses on spp. and Actinomycetaceae in Urine Samples of Patients with Suspected Urinary Tract Infection-A Hypothesis-Forming Observational Study.
A hypothesis-forming exploratory cross-sectional assessment was conducted to assess the occurrence and relevance of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria like spp. and Actinomycetaceae in human urine samples. In total, 1170 urine samples from 1031 inpatients with suspected urinary tract infection were assessed for culture-based growth of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria applying API Coryne assays, matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and in-house 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Overall, 502 different bacterial colonies from 346 urine samples taken from 324 inpatients were observed. The three quantitatively most abundant genera or genus clusters were (254 isolates, 62%), / (79 isolates, 19%), and / (29 isolates, 7%). Compared to sequencing, the diagnostic accuracy of all assessed competitor assays from the diagnostic routine was <80% for differentiation on the genus level and <30% for differentiation on the species level. Prolongated incubation for 4 days compared to 2 days resulted in additional detection of 15% of the totally recorded Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. An approximately 5-fold increased detection rate in mid-stream urine compared to urine acquired applying alternative sampling strategies was observed. In conclusion, in the rare event of the suspected clinical relevance of such findings, confirmatory testing with invasively sampled urine should be considered due to the high contamination rate observed in mid-stream urine. Confirmatory testing by DNA-sequencing methods should be considered if an exact identification of genus or species is regarded as relevant for the individual choice of the therapeutic strategy.
PubMed: 38611658
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14070746 -
Clinical Rheumatology Jun 2024Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology that is considered to be related to environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this...
OBJECTIVE
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease with unknown etiology that is considered to be related to environmental and genetic factors. The aim of this study was to clarify the oral microflora characteristics of pSS patients and to reveal the connection between oral bacterial composition and dental caries using a high-throughput sequencing technique.
METHODS
Thirty-five pSS patients and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. We collected saliva and plaque samples from pSS patients and saliva samples from healthy controls. We used 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) high-throughput sequencing targeting the V3-V4 hypervariable region to determine the composition and structure of the microbiota in the three sample sets. Finally, bioinformatics analyses, including the diversity of the microbiota, species differences, and functional prediction were performed.
RESULTS
In the alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis, the Chao1 (P < 0.01), observed species (P < 0.01), and PD whole tree indices (P < 0.01) were significantly lower in the saliva and plaque samples of pSS patients than in the saliva samples of healthy controls, but the Shannon (P < 0.01) and Simpson indices (P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the healthy controls, and their total diversity significantly differed. In the main flora composition at the genus level (top 10), we identified Prevotella and Veillonella as more enriched in the saliva of pSS patients and Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, and Leptotrichia as more enriched in the plaque of pSS patients. Predictive functional analysis showed that the oral microbiota of pSS patients was related to translation, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and nucleotide metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS
The oral microbial ecology of patients with pSS is dysregulated, resulting in a decrease in overall diversity. Prevotella and Veillonella may be related to pSS, while Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, and Leptotrichia may be related to dental caries in pSS patients. Key Points • This study revealed differences in the oral microbial composition of patients with pSS compared to healthy controls. • We included a plaque group of pSS patients to identify the microbiota related to pSS and dental caries. • Prevotella and Veillonella may contribute to pSS, and Fusobacterium, Actinomyces, and Leptotrichia are associated with dental caries in pSS patients.
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome; Female; Middle Aged; Saliva; Microbiota; Male; Adult; Mouth; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Case-Control Studies; Aged; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Dental Plaque; Dental Caries
PubMed: 38602612
DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06958-9 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2024Skin abscess is one of the most common infections of the skin and soft tissues. However, anaerobic bacteria are infrequently identified as the causative agents of this...
Skin abscess is one of the most common infections of the skin and soft tissues. However, anaerobic bacteria are infrequently identified as the causative agents of this particular form of abscess. In this case, a 34-year-old pregnant woman was diagnosed with a skin abscess with the use of ultrasonography. The microbiological analysis results of the purulent fluid revealed the coinfection of and . The patient was first treated empirically with 3 days of cefathiamidine, which resulted in no symptom improvement. Subsequently, a surgical procedure involving incision and draining was performed, with the administration of ceftriaxone. After 7 days of antibiotic intervention, the patient exhibited a satisfactory recovery. Clinicians need to be aware of other types of infections that might be attributed to and , in addition to urinary tract infections.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Abscess; Coinfection; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Actinomycetaceae
PubMed: 38601737
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1378197 -
Journal of Maxillofacial and Oral... Apr 2024Osteomyelitis is a serious entity that can occur in many different locations. Especially in the mandible, osteomyelitis can show different clinical courses, which differ...
BACKGROUND
Osteomyelitis is a serious entity that can occur in many different locations. Especially in the mandible, osteomyelitis can show different clinical courses, which differ clearly from other anatomical regions in terms of severity and treatment. Osteomyelitis in the mandible is often caused by mixed species of the oral cavity. A species causing subacute/chronic osteomyelitis can be actinomyces. Actinomycotic osteomyelitis of the jaw represents a diagnostic and treatment challenging disease.
CONCLUSION
This article describes our perspective on the therapy pillars treating actinomycotic osteomyelitis. The rapid introduction of the two therapeutic elements (antibiosis/surgical therapy) is crucial regarding the outcome of this entity.
PubMed: 38601245
DOI: 10.1007/s12663-023-02069-1 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Feb 2024Endodontic microbial flora plays a pivotal role in the development and persistence of periodontal endodontic lesions (PELs). Understanding the composition and prevalence...
BACKGROUND
Endodontic microbial flora plays a pivotal role in the development and persistence of periodontal endodontic lesions (PELs). Understanding the composition and prevalence of microbial species in PELs is essential for effective treatment strategies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Microbial samples were collected from 50 teeth diagnosed with PELs. Sterile paper points were used to obtain samples from the root canals. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was extracted and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene to identify bacterial species. The obtained data were analyzed using statistical methods.
RESULTS
The microbial analysis revealed a diverse range of bacterial species in PELs. The most prevalent species were (32.5%), (28.0%), and (22.5%). (9.0%) and (8.0%) were also frequently detected. Additionally, (7.0%), (3.5%), and (2.5%) were present in lower frequencies.
CONCLUSION
The presence of a diverse microbial flora in teeth with PELs underscores the polymicrobial nature of these lesions. The predominance of periodontal pathogens such as , , and suggests a strong association between periodontal and endodontic infections. A comprehensive understanding of the microbial profile in PELs is crucial for tailored therapeutic approaches targeting the specific pathogens involved.
PubMed: 38595373
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1060_23 -
Heliyon Apr 2024Giant septic pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) are rare but important entities, with few cases having been reported worldwide. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are...
Giant septic pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) are rare but important entities, with few cases having been reported worldwide. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial in the management of such cases. We report a 56-year-old female patient presenting with fatigue, nausea and vomiting who was first diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and developed life-threatening giant infectious PAA secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection and sepsis. The patient did not develop any specific symptoms, and enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a massive PAA of 5.6 × 4.9 cm in size at the left pulmonary hilar with normal pulmonary artery (PA) pressures. After multidisciplinary discussion and after considering the critical condition accompanied by sepsis increased the risk of surgery, endovascular treatment was the first therapy of choice for the patient; nevertheless, the patient ultimately opted for hospice care. This case report aims to raise awareness of PAAs, which are rare but potentially fatal complications of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 pneumonia and sepsis.
PubMed: 38586327
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28735