-
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2006Two obligate anaerobic bacterial strains, B71(T) and D471, were isolated from cattle rumen. The novel strains were Gram-positive and rod-shaped. The strains hydrolysed...
Two obligate anaerobic bacterial strains, B71(T) and D471, were isolated from cattle rumen. The novel strains were Gram-positive and rod-shaped. The strains hydrolysed xylan and starch, fermented some mono-, di- and oligosaccharides and produced formic, acetic and lactic acids as end products from glucose. Growth of the isolates was observed at 20-55 degrees Celsius and pH 6.5-9.0. The DNA G+C contents of strains B71(T) and D471 were 68.06 and 68.26 mol%, respectively. Although the two novel strains met the genus description for Actinomyces, some phenotypic characteristics, such as optimum growth temperature, requirement for O(2) and the end products of fermentation, distinguished them from previously described members of the genus. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strains belonged to the genus Actinomyces (88.3-93.6 % sequence similarity) and formed a distinct line within the clade containing Actinomyces bovis. On the basis of these results, a novel species, Actinomyces ruminicola sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is B71(T) (=JCM 13352(T)=CGMCC 1.5030(T)).
Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Sequence; Cattle; DNA, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rumen; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 16957097
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.64059-0 -
Schweizer Archiv Fur Tierheilkunde Aug 2005This work describes the symptoms of actinomycosis (Actinomyces bovis) in several Llamas in a herd raised in Switzerland as well as their therapy. In 5 Llamas a...
This work describes the symptoms of actinomycosis (Actinomyces bovis) in several Llamas in a herd raised in Switzerland as well as their therapy. In 5 Llamas a hematological and chemical blood examination was made where low calcium, partially low iron and copper levels were found. Various reasons are discussed which influence the bone metabolism and lead to a higher susceptibility of bone infection.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Bone and Bones; Camelids, New World; Female; Male; Switzerland; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 16128440
DOI: 10.1024/0036-7281.147.8.351 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jan 2005A previously undescribed filamentous, beaded, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from pus of a human dental abscess. Based on its cellular morphology and...
A previously undescribed filamentous, beaded, Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from pus of a human dental abscess. Based on its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical testing the organism was tentatively identified as a member of the genus Actinomyces, but it did not correspond to any currently recognized species of this genus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium represents a distinct subline within the genus Actinomyces, clustering within a group of species that includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Sequence divergence values of >8 % with other recognized species within this phylogenetic group clearly demonstrated that the organism represents a hitherto unknown species. Based on biochemical and molecular phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unidentified organism recovered from a dental abscess be classified as a novel species, Actinomyces dentalis sp. nov. The type strain is R18165T (=CCUG 48064T=CIP 108337T).
Topics: Abscess; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Aged; Bacterial Typing Techniques; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Genes, rRNA; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 15653913
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.63376-0 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Sep 2003A previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium was isolated from a human dental abscess. Based on its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical testing the...
A previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium was isolated from a human dental abscess. Based on its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical testing the organism was tentatively identified as a member of the genus Actinomyces, but it did not correspond to any currently recognized species of this genus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium represents a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Actinomyces, clustering within a group of species, which includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Based on biochemical and molecular phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the unknown organism recovered from a dental abscess be classified as a new species, Actinomyces oricola sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces oricola is R5292(T) (=CCUG 46090(T)=CIP 107639(T)).
Topics: Abscess; Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Fatty Acids; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phenotype; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 13130041
DOI: 10.1099/ijs.0.02576-0 -
Oral Diseases Jul 2003The traditional, biochemical and enzymatic methods of identifying Actinomyces species are frequently confounded by the similar phenotypic characteristics shared by the...
OBJECTIVE
The traditional, biochemical and enzymatic methods of identifying Actinomyces species are frequently confounded by the similar phenotypic characteristics shared by the different members of this genus. Therefore, we developed novel species-specific oligonucleotide probes to accurately speciate seven pathogenic Actinomyces species, namely, Actinomyces bovis, A. gerencseriae, A. israelii, A. meyeri, A. naeslundii, A. odontolyticus and A. viscosus.
METHODS
A pair of universal primers and seven 15- to 19-base oligonucleotide probes with a tail of 20 thymidines on the 5' end were developed. The variable regions of 16S ribosomal DNA of 36 strains of Actinomyces belonging to the above species were amplified and labeled with digoxigenin, and an oligonucleotide-DNA hybridization assay was performed to examine the specificity and sensitivity of these probes.
RESULTS
All seven, newly developed probes were specific and sensitive, and accurately detected 36 reference and wild type strains belonging to Actinomyces species, without cross-reactions. The probe for A. naeslundii detected all strains belonging to the genospecies 1 (12 strains) and catalase-negative genospecies 2 (four strains); it failed to detect catalase-positive A. naeslundii genospecies 2 (previous A. viscosus serotype II) (two strains). However, the latter strains of catalase-positive A. naeslundii genospecies 2 were correctly detected by the probe developed for A. viscosus. The new probes were then field tested using supragingival plaque samples from 28 healthy preschool children. Whilst A. odontolyticus was detected in almost all samples (96.4%), A. gerencseriae, A. meyeri, catalase-negative A. naeslundii and catalase-positive A. naeslundii genospecies 2 were detected in < 50% samples.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that the developed oligonucleotide probes, complementary to the variable regions of 16S rDNA, would be of potential value for differentiating Actinomyces spp. in clinical samples from the oral cavity and other ecosystems where such species may abound.
Topics: 5' Flanking Region; Actinomyces; Actinomyces viscosus; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Plaque; Humans; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotide Probes; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serotyping; Species Specificity; Thymidine
PubMed: 12974520
DOI: 10.1034/j.1601-0825.2003.02926.x -
Journal of Veterinary Medicine. A,... May 2003Mandibular pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis was diagnosed in a female Sannen goat. The doe presented for difficulty prehending and chewing food. The left mandible was...
Mandibular pyogranulomatous osteomyelitis was diagnosed in a female Sannen goat. The doe presented for difficulty prehending and chewing food. The left mandible was swollen and firm on palpation. Radiographs revealed changes consistent with osteomyelitis of the affected mandible. Arcanobacterium pyogenes was isolated from aspirates of swollen mandible. Despite antimicrobial therapy, the goat died. Histopathological findings were consistent with pyogranulomatous disease of the affected mandible. The histopathological findings were similar to those reported for actinomycosis, caused by Actinomyces bovis. Mandibular osteomyelitis is a common condition in cattle and very rare in goat.
Topics: Actinomycetaceae; Animals; Fatal Outcome; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Granuloma; Mandible; Osteomyelitis; Radiography
PubMed: 12948160
DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2003.00520.x -
Caries Research 2003Very limited molecular epidemiological data are available on the role of Actinomyces spp. in the pathogenesis of caries in the primary dentition. Therefore, we...
Very limited molecular epidemiological data are available on the role of Actinomyces spp. in the pathogenesis of caries in the primary dentition. Therefore, we investigated their distribution in supragingival plaque of ethnic Chinese preschool children from Singapore and Hong Kong, either with or without active caries. Plaque samples were taken from intact interproximal enamel areas using dental floss. Bacterial genomic DNA of each sample was extracted and variable regions of 16S ribosomal DNA amplified and labelled with digoxigenin. Oligonucleotide probes specific for Actinomyces bovis, Actinomyces gerencseriae, Actinomyces israelii, Actinomyces meyeri, Actinomyces odontolyticus, catalase-negative Actinomyces naeslundii (genospecies 1 and 2) and catalase-positive Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 2 (previously Actinomyces viscosus serotype II) were used to detect these species using Southern hybridization with a Minislot and Miniblotter system. A. odontolyticus, A. gerencseriae and A. meyeri were detected with similar frequency in both Singapore and Hong Kong samples or in those with and without active caries. However, the prevalence of A. naeslundii was significantly different in the two locales (p<0.05). A. odontolyticus (88.7%), A. gerencseriae (56.6%) and A. naeslundii (50.9%) were detected in a majority of the samples and the positive hybridization signals of A. gerencseriae in the caries-active group were stronger than from the caries-free group. A. bovis and A. israelii were undetectable in any of the samples. These data imply that A. odontolyticus, A. naeslundii and A. gerencseriae may play an important role in supragingival plaque formation on primary teeth in ethnic Chinese, with others such as A. meyeri contributing.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomyces viscosus; Blotting, Southern; Child, Preschool; China; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dental Plaque; Hong Kong; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Serotyping; Singapore; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 12925831
DOI: 10.1159/000072172 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Nov 2001Extracts of woods commonly used for animal bedding were tested for antimicrobial activity. Essential oils from Alaska cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis), western juniper...
Extracts of woods commonly used for animal bedding were tested for antimicrobial activity. Essential oils from Alaska cedar (Chamaecyparis nootkatensis), western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis) and old growth Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) as well as methanol extracts of wood from these trees plus western red cedar (Thuja plicata) and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were tested for antimicrobial activity against anaerobic bacteria and yeast. The test microbes included Fusobacterium necrophorum, Clostridium perfringens, Actinomyces bovis and Candida albicans which are common to foot diseases and other infections in animals. The essential oils and methanol extracts were tested using a standardized broth assay. Only extracts of Alaska cedar and western juniper showed significant antimicrobial activity against each of the microbes tested. The essential oil of Douglas fir did show antimicrobial activity against A. bovis at the concentrations tested. The methanol extracts of the heartwood of Douglas fir and the sapwood of ponderosa pine showed no antimicrobial activity. The major chemical components of western juniper (cedrol and alpha- and beta-cedrene) and Alaska cedar (nootkatin) were also tested. In western juniper, alpha- and beta-cedrene were found to be active components. Nootkatin showed activity only against C. albicans. The inhibitory activity in Alaska cedar oil was high enough to justify further efforts to define the other chemical components responsible for the antimicrobial activity.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Candida albicans; Cycadopsida; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytotherapy; Plant Oils
PubMed: 11746838
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.765 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Sep 2000Two strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered in pure culture from infected root canals of teeth. Analysis by biochemical testing and...
Two strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were recovered in pure culture from infected root canals of teeth. Analysis by biochemical testing and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains closely resembled each other phenotypically but were distinct from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene-sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within a group of Actinomyces species which includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, we propose that the unknown bacterium isolated from human clinical specimens be classified as Actinomyces radicidentis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces radicidentis is CCUG 36733.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Dental Pulp Cavity; Female; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, rRNA; Humans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 10970390
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.38.9.3399-3403.2000 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Jul 2000Three strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from human clinical sources (urine, urethra and vaginal secretion). Biochemical...
Three strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from human clinical sources (urine, urethra and vaginal secretion). Biochemical testing and PAGE analysis of whole-cell proteins indicated that the strains were phenotypically homogeneous and distinct from previously described Actinomyces and Arcanobacterium species. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies showed the bacterium to be a hitherto unknown subline within a group of Actinomyces species which includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence it is proposed that the unknown bacterium from humans be classified as Actinomyces urogenitalis sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces urogenitalis is CCUG 38702T (= CIP 106421T).
Topics: Actinomyces; Adult; Aged; Bacterial Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Female; Humans; Male; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Urogenital System
PubMed: 10939672
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-50-4-1649