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International Journal of Systematic... Oct 1999Four strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from canine and feline clinical specimens. Phenotypic studies indicated the strains...
Four strains of a previously undescribed Actinomyces-like bacterium were isolated from canine and feline clinical specimens. Phenotypic studies indicated the strains were members of the genus Actinomyces, and most closely resembled Actinomyces viscosus serotype I and Actinomyces slackii. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated the unknown bacterium constitutes a new subline within a group of Actinomyces species, which includes Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence it is proposed that the unknown bacterium be classified as Actinomyces bowdenii sp. nov. The type strain of Actinomyces bowdenii is CCUG 37421T.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Animals; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Genes, rRNA; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 10555371
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-49-4-1873 -
Journal of Industrial Microbiology &... Sep 1997An antibiotic produced by the scab disease-suppressive Streptomyces diastatochromogenes strain PonSSII has been isolated and partially characterized. The antibiotic is...
An antibiotic produced by the scab disease-suppressive Streptomyces diastatochromogenes strain PonSSII has been isolated and partially characterized. The antibiotic is produced throughout culture growth, with maximum amounts accumulating in the broth when the culture is in the early stationary phase of growth. The activity declines within about 30 h after the culture enters stationary phase. Purification techniques included chromatography on Amberlite XAD-2, DEAE Sephadex and SP Sephadex in addition to C18 HPLC with an average yield of 75%. This antibiotic only inhibits pathogenic strains of S. scabies that cause scab disease on potato and other tuberous vegetables and does not affect S. griseus, S. venezuelae, Actinomyces bovis, Nocardia asteroides, Clostridium perfringens, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Micrococcus luteus, Serratia marcescens and Escherichia coli. The antibiotic has a molecular weight of 500 or less, and is stable for weeks at acidic pH but is very labile at alkaline pH conditions.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Molecular Weight; Plant Diseases; Solanum tuberosum; Streptomyces
PubMed: 9418061
DOI: 10.1038/sj.jim.2900455 -
International Journal of Systematic... Jul 1997Four strains of a previously unknown, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped organism originating from humans were characterized by...
Four strains of a previously unknown, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive, rod-shaped organism originating from humans were characterized by biochemical, chemical, and molecular taxonomic methods. The four strains phenotypically closely resembled one another, and although they possessed characteristics consistent with membership in the genus Actinomyces, they differed from all previously recognized species of this genus. The results of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the unknown human bacterium was phylogenetically a member of the genus Actinomyces. Within the genus Actinomyces, the unidentified bacterium formed a loose, but statistically significant, association with a subgroup which included Actinomyces bovis, the type species of the genus. 16S rRNA sequence divergence values of > 6%, however, unequivocally demonstrated that the unidentified bacterium represents a new subline of the genus Actinomyces. A new species, Actinomyces graevenitzii, is proposed for the four new isolates. The type strain of A. graevenitzii is CCUG 27294.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny
PubMed: 9226924
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-47-3-885 -
Plasmid 1997Bacteriophages that produced turbid or clear zones of lysis in strains of Actinomyces were isolated from 22 of 124 samples of fresh human dental plaque. All human and...
Bacteriophages that produced turbid or clear zones of lysis in strains of Actinomyces were isolated from 22 of 124 samples of fresh human dental plaque. All human and nonhuman strains of Actinomyces viscosus or Actinomyces naeslundii tested in this study were sensitive to infection by one or more of these phages. In contrast, none of the Actinomyces odontolyticus, Actinomyces israelii, or Actinomyces bovis strains tested were susceptible. Results of restriction endonuclease analyses indicated that the genomes of these phages consisted of double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size between 16 and 60 kbp. Sequence homology under hybridization conditions of high stringency was observed among a few of the isolated phages. A lysogenized isolate of A. viscosus MG-1 was obtained following infection with a temperate phage, designated phi 225. Results of Southern blot analyses indicated that phi 225 replicated as a plasmid in the lysogenized strain. Genomic DNA from several lytic phages was used to establish conditions for transfection by electroporation of strains of Actinomyces spp. Efficiencies of DNA transfer ranged from 10(2) to 10(5) plaque-forming units per microgram of DNA were obtained under optimal transfection conditions. The results of these studies demonstrate that transfer of genetic information in Actinomyces spp. can be achieved by transfection.
Topics: Actinomyces; Animals; Bacteriophages; DNA, Viral; Dental Plaque; Genetic Techniques; Humans; Lysogeny; Transfection
PubMed: 9169205
DOI: 10.1006/plas.1997.1285 -
Journal of the Indian Medical... Sep 1995The magnitude of non-sparing anaerobic (NSA) infections has been defined in the postoperative wounds on colorectum in children (57.1%), general surgery (0%),...
The magnitude of non-sparing anaerobic (NSA) infections has been defined in the postoperative wounds on colorectum in children (57.1%), general surgery (0%), abdominoperineal and uterocervical operations (11-45%) in gynaecologic and obstetrical cases and perforative peritonitis (25.8-32.3%). Children below the 6 months age group bear less risk of acquiring NSA infection. Under certain situations, metronidazole combats NSA infections in a better way than other antibacterials. The bacteriology of NSA infections has been probed at the species level in the gynaecologic and obstetrical patients. The species of normal cervix (44.6%) are represented in wounds involving abdominal wall (11%), perineum (22.8%) and uterocervix (45.6%) to suggest endogenous infection. Out of the 22 species of NSA isolated, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Acidaminococcus fermentans and Peptococcus prevotii are the commonest. Others were Peptococcus niger, Gaffkya anaerobia, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Actinomyces bovis, Bacteroides oralis, Fusobacterium gonidiaformans and the different species of peptococcus, peptostreptococcus, eubacterium, propionibacterium and fusobacterium. The weight of evidence indicated a pathogenic role of Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, in view of their heavy growth. The umbrella of antibacterials reduced Gram-positive anaerobic cocci from 40% to 16%. The facultative anaerobes Staph aureus, Staph epidermidis, Kl pneumoniae and proteus appeared as the exogenous agents of nosocomial infections.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacterial Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross Infection; Female; Humans; India; Infant; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pregnancy; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 8648152
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Apr 1993By means of immunohistochemistry, the distribution of the alpha-subunit (S-100 alpha) and the beta-subunit (S-100 beta) of S-100 protein was studied in bovine granulomas...
By means of immunohistochemistry, the distribution of the alpha-subunit (S-100 alpha) and the beta-subunit (S-100 beta) of S-100 protein was studied in bovine granulomas caused by Actinomyces bovis, Actinobacillus lignieresi, Actinomyces (Corynebacterium) pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium paratuberculosis. S-100 alpha-positive epithelioid cells or dendritic cells were scattered among the predominantly S-100 alpha-negative cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system (MPS). S-100 beta was not found in the MPS cells of granulomas but was observed in the endothelial cells of blood vessels. A positive reaction to S-100 was also seen in normal cells in the lymphoid and mammary tissues. Mycobacterial granulomas contained more S-100 alpha-positive cells than did non-mycobacterial ones.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Granuloma; Immunohistochemistry; Mycobacterium Infections; Nerve Growth Factors; S100 Calcium Binding Protein beta Subunit; S100 Proteins
PubMed: 8315057
DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9975(08)80292-7 -
Journal of Bacteriology Mar 1990Gram stains were performed on strains of Actinomyces bovis, Actinomyces viscosus, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus brevis, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium...
Gram stains were performed on strains of Actinomyces bovis, Actinomyces viscosus, Arthrobacter globiformis, Bacillus brevis, Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium thermosaccharolyticum, Corynebacterium parvum, Mycobacterium phlei, and Propionibacterium acnes, using a modified Gram regimen that allowed the staining process to be observed by electron microscopy (J. A. Davies, G. K. Anderson, T. J. Beveridge, and H. C. Clark, J. Bacteriol. 156:837-845, 1983). Furthermore, since a platinum salt replaced the iodine mordant of the Gram stain, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy could evaluate the stain intensity and location by monitoring the platinum signal. These gram-variable bacteria could be split into two groups on the basis of their staining responses. In the Actinomyces-Arthrobacter-Corynebacterium-Mycobacterium-Propionibacterium group, few cells became gram negative until the exponential growth phase; by mid-exponential phase, 10 to 30% of the cells were gram negative. The cells that became gram negative were a select population of the culture, had initiated septum formation, and were more fragile to the stress of the Gram stain at the division site. As cultures aged to stationary phase, there was a relatively slight increase toward gram negativity (now 15 to 40%) due to the increased lysis of nondividing cells by means of lesions in the side walls; these cells maintained their rod shape but stained gram negative. Those in the Bacillus-Butyrivibrio-Clostridium group also became gram negative as cultures aged but by a separate set of events. These bacteria possessed more complex walls, since they were covered by an S layer. They stained gram positive during lag and the initial exponential growth phases, but as doubling times increased, the wall fabric underlying the S layer became noticeably thinner and diffuse, and the cells became more fragile to the Gram stain. By stationary phase, these cultures were virtually gram negative.
Topics: Bacillus; Bacteria; Gentian Violet; Microscopy, Electron; Mycobacterium phlei; Phenazines; Propionibacterium; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 1689718
DOI: 10.1128/jb.172.3.1609-1620.1990 -
Journal of General Microbiology Jan 1990The intra- and intergeneric relationships of the genus Actinomyces were determined by comparing long 16S rRNA sequences, generated by reverse transcriptase. All species...
The intra- and intergeneric relationships of the genus Actinomyces were determined by comparing long 16S rRNA sequences, generated by reverse transcriptase. All species formed a phylogenetically coherent cluster in which Actinomyces bovis, A. viscosus, A. naeslundii, A. odontolyticus and A. israelii constituted genetically well defined species. A. israelii DSM 43322 (serotype 2) was not closely related to three other strains of this species (serotype 1) and, as judged from phylogenetic distances, could be accommodated within A. naeslundii, or represent a new species. In contrast to previous findings, members of the genus Actinomyces appear to be related to Bifidobacterium bifidum. Sequence information was used to develop an oligonucleotide probe for the A. israelii serotype 1 strains, which did not react with the serotype 2 strain or with rRNA from strains of eight Actinomyces species.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Base Sequence; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotide Probes; Phylogeny; RNA, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 1693659
DOI: 10.1099/00221287-136-1-37 -
Journal of Comparative Pathology Feb 1989The immunohistochemical distribution of IgG, IgA and IgM in granulomatous lesions caused by Actinomyces bovis, Actinobacillus lignieresi, Actinomyces (Corynebacterium)...
The immunohistochemical distribution of IgG, IgA and IgM in granulomatous lesions caused by Actinomyces bovis, Actinobacillus lignieresi, Actinomyces (Corynebacterium) pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium bovis was studied. Numerous IgG-containing cells (plasma cells) were distributed in the peripheral connective tissue layers, but not in the epithelioid cell layer. A few scattered IgA- and IgM-containing cells were found in all the lesions examined. Mycobacterial granulomas contained fewer IgG-cells than did non-mycobacterial granulomas. Eosinophilic club-shaped bodies were found in A. bovis, A. lignieresi, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, but they were generally negative for IgG, IgA and IgM.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Actinomycosis; Animals; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Granuloma; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Immunoglobulins; Plasma Cells; Pseudomonas Infections; Staphylococcal Infections; Tuberculosis, Bovine
PubMed: 2715395
DOI: 10.1016/0021-9975(89)90123-0 -
Veterinarno-meditsinski Nauki 1985Bacteriologic investigations were carried out with a total of 295 cattle of the Holstein-Zebu breed that responded positively to tuberculin. Mycobacterium bovis was... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Bacteriologic investigations were carried out with a total of 295 cattle of the Holstein-Zebu breed that responded positively to tuberculin. Mycobacterium bovis was isolated from 66 animals, and 12 species of atypical mycobacteria were isolated from 94 animals. Parallel studies were comparatively made of the intradermal reaction test and the bacterial findings. Three groups of calves were infected with various atypical mycobacteria, and their response was followed up with the use of the avian and the bovine type of tuberculin on the 100 th day of infection. It was found that the unspecific tuberculin response of cattle in Cuba were not uncommon, and the best proportion of such reactions were shown to be due to the involvement of atypical mycobacteria. The investigated cattle with a positive response to bovine tuberculin at a single intradermal test were harbouring M. bovis in 66 cases (22.3 per cent), atypical mycobacteria in 94 cases (32.1 per cent), and Actinomyces bovis in 7 cases (2.3 per cent). In 128 of the cases (43.3 per cent) both the morphologic and the bacteriologic findings were negative. The cases with a stronger response at the single intradermal tuberculin test in which the skin fold enlarged over 6.5 mm corresponded to a larger extent to the actual specific infection in the animals than to an infection caused by atypical mycobacteria, however, this could not be absolutely stated for all animals. Following a muscular as well as an oral infection of calves with atypical mycobacteria the allergic response was enhanced from the 40 th up to the 100 th day, the positive reaction to avian tuberculin becoming stronger than to bovine tuberculin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cuba; Mycobacterium; Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous; Mycobacterium bovis; Nontuberculous Mycobacteria; Time Factors; Tuberculin Test
PubMed: 3898560
DOI: No ID Found