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Animal Science Journal = Nihon Chikusan... 2024In recent years, agricultural by-products have generated increasing interest as ruminant feed. In a completely randomized design with five experimental treatments, this...
In recent years, agricultural by-products have generated increasing interest as ruminant feed. In a completely randomized design with five experimental treatments, this in vitro study investigated the nutritional value of citrus pulp and onion peel as alternative feed for ruminants and their effects on rumen fermentation, digestibility, and gas production. The first group was the control (50% grass hay/50% concentrate mixture). The other four treatments represented citrus pulp and onion peel at inclusion levels of 10 and 20%, replacing the expensive, high-quality feed ingredients such as the concentrate mixture. The chemical composition showed that citrus pulp is an energy-rich material that could be included up to 20% to replace part of the concentrate in a mixed diet without any adverse impacts on rumen fermentation parameters. The onion peels were rich in fiber and minerals. Their inclusion in the diet of over 10% had detrimental effects on rumen fermentation. The inclusion of either citrus pulp or onion peel in the diet did not have the potential to reduce enteric methane production. In conclusion, citrus pulp showed promising results as a new feed for ruminants. It was effective when included in up to 20% of a ruminant diet, replacing the concentrate mixture.
Topics: Animals; Rumen; Animal Feed; Fermentation; Citrus; Nutritive Value; Ruminants; Digestion; Diet; Methane; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Onions; In Vitro Techniques; Dietary Fiber; Cattle
PubMed: 38924221
DOI: 10.1111/asj.13974 -
Global Change Biology Jun 2024In 2020, anthropogenic methane (CH) emissions decreased due to COVID-19 containment policies, but there was a substantial increase in the concentration of atmospheric...
In 2020, anthropogenic methane (CH) emissions decreased due to COVID-19 containment policies, but there was a substantial increase in the concentration of atmospheric CH. Previous research suggested that this abnormal increase was linked to higher wetland CH emissions and a decrease in the atmospheric CH sink. However, the impact of changes in the soil CH sink remained unknown. To address this, we utilized a process-based model to quantify alterations in the soil CH sink of terrestrial ecosystems between 2019 and 2020. By implementing the model with various datasets, we consistently observed an increase in the global soil CH sink, reaching up to 0.35 ± 0.06 Tg in 2020 compared to 2019. This increase was primarily attributed to warmer soil temperatures in northern high latitudes. Our results emphasize the importance of considering the CH sink in terrestrial ecosystems, as neglecting this component can lead to an underestimation of both emission increases and reductions in atmospheric CH sink capacity. Furthermore, these findings highlight the potential role of increased soil warmth in terrestrial ecosystems in slowing the growth of CH concentrations in the atmosphere.
Topics: Methane; Soil; Atmosphere; Ecosystem; Models, Theoretical; Temperature
PubMed: 38923235
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.17381 -
Toxins May 2024produces fumonisins, which are mycotoxins inhibiting sphingolipid biosynthesis in humans, animals, and other eukaryotes. Fumonisins are presumed virulence factors of...
produces fumonisins, which are mycotoxins inhibiting sphingolipid biosynthesis in humans, animals, and other eukaryotes. Fumonisins are presumed virulence factors of plant pathogens, but may also play a role in interactions between competing fungi. We observed higher resistance to added fumonisin B (FB) in fumonisin-producing than in nonproducing , and likewise between isolates of and differing in production of sphinganine-analog toxins. It has been reported that in , ceramide synthase encoded in the fumonisin biosynthetic gene cluster is responsible for self-resistance. We reinvestigated the role of and by generating a double mutant strain in a background. Nearly unchanged resistance to added FB was observed compared to the parental strain. A recently developed fumonisin-sensitive baker's yeast strain allowed for the testing of candidate ceramide synthases by heterologous expression. The overexpression of the yeast gene, but not , increased fumonisin resistance. High-level resistance was conferred by , but not by . Likewise, strong resistance to FB was caused by overexpression of the presumed "housekeeping" ceramide synthases , , and , located outside the fumonisin cluster, indicating that possesses a redundant set of insensitive targets as a self-resistance mechanism.
Topics: Fumonisins; Fusarium; Oxidoreductases; Drug Resistance, Fungal; Fungal Proteins; Aspergillus; Alternaria
PubMed: 38922130
DOI: 10.3390/toxins16060235 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Studying the fates of oil components and their interactions with ecological systems is essential for developing comprehensive management strategies and enhancing...
Studying the fates of oil components and their interactions with ecological systems is essential for developing comprehensive management strategies and enhancing restoration following oil spill incidents. The potential expansion of Kazakhstan's role in the global oil market necessitates the existence of land-specific studies that contribute to the field of bioremediation. In this study, a set of experiments was designed to assess the growth and biodegradation capacities of eight fungal strains sourced from Kazakhstan soil when exposed to the hydrocarbon substrates from which they were initially isolated. The strains were identified as sp. SBUG-M1743, SBUG-M1744, SBUG-M1770, SBUG-M1750 and SBUG-1746, SBUG-M1748, SBUG-M1768 and SBUG-M1769 using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. Furthermore, microscopic and macroscopic evaluations agreed with the sequence-based identification. sp. SBUG-M1743 and SBUG-M1744 displayed remarkable biodegradation capabilities in the presence of tetradecane with up to a 9-fold biomass increase in the static cultures. SBUG-M1750 exhibited poor growth, which was a consequence of its low efficiency of tetradecane degradation. Monocarboxylic acids were the main degradation products by SBUG-M1743, SBUG-M1744, SBUG-M1750, and SBUG-M1770 indicating the monoterminal degradation pathway through β-oxidation, while the additional detection of dicarboxylic acid in SBUG-M1768 and SBUG-M1769 cultures was indicative of the fungus' ability to undertake both monoterminal and diterminal degradation pathways. SBUG-M1746 and SBUG-M1748 in the presence of cyclohexanone showed a doubling of the biomass with the ability to degrade the substrate almost completely in shake cultures. SBUG-M1746 was also able to degrade cyclohexane completely and excreted all possible metabolites of the degradation pathway. Understanding the degradation potential of these fungal isolates to different hydrocarbon substrates will help in developing effective bioremediation strategies tailored to local conditions.
PubMed: 38921423
DOI: 10.3390/jof10060436 -
Insects Jun 2024Microorganisms within insects play a vital role in maintaining the basal physiological functions of the insects, with olfactory signals as critical components of insect...
Microorganisms within insects play a vital role in maintaining the basal physiological functions of the insects, with olfactory signals as critical components of insect survival strategies. (), an invasive alien pest inflicting significant damage to eucalyptus trees, harbors a rich and varied bacterial community within its body. However, the impact of its endogenous bacteria and their microbial Volatile Organic Compounds (mVOCs) on the behavioral preferences of remains unexplored to date. This study focused on nine cultivable and dominant endogenous bacterial strains within . Using a Y-tube olfactometer, we investigated the behavioral responses of female to the mVOCs emitted by these bacteria. Concurrently, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was employed to quantify the mVOCs produced by these endogenous bacteria. Our findings revealed that sp. exhibited the highest attractiveness of , whereas sp. and exerted the most significant avoidance effects. The analysis of the mVOCs further highlighted the significance of aldehyde compounds, notably 2,3,6-trichlorobenzaldehyde, and alkane compounds, such as eicosane, in mediating the repellency and attraction effects. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the invasion mechanism of and provide a scientific basis for developing novel biopesticides or elicitors.
PubMed: 38921169
DOI: 10.3390/insects15060455 -
Insects Jun 2024, the city flower of Chengdu, is culturally significant and has nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, frequent infestations of have caused economic losses. This...
, the city flower of Chengdu, is culturally significant and has nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, frequent infestations of have caused economic losses. This study aimed to identify insect-resistant varieties. Over two years, varieties like Jinqiusong, Zuiyun, and Zuifurong showed moderate to high resistance based on reproductive indices. Assessments of antixenosis and developmental impacts revealed that adult exhibited low selectivity toward these resistant varieties, indicating a strong repellent effect. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified volatile organic compounds, such as alcohols, alkanes, and terpenes. Notably, 2-ethylhexanol and 6-methylheptanol exhibited repellent properties. Using nontargeted metabolomics, this study compared the metabolite profiles of the insect-resistant variety Jinqiusong (JQS), moderately resistant Bairihuacai (BRHC), and highly susceptible Chongbanbai (CBB) post infestation. Fifteen key metabolites were linked to resistance, emphasizing the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway as crucial in defense. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for breeding insect-resistant varieties and developing eco-friendly strategies against infestations.
PubMed: 38921168
DOI: 10.3390/insects15060454 -
Insects May 2024The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of plant hosts allow insect localization through olfactory recognition. In this study, the oviposition behavior of the codling moth...
The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of plant hosts allow insect localization through olfactory recognition. In this study, the oviposition behavior of the codling moth was investigated and the VOCs from different walnut organs were extracted and analyzed to systematically study their composition and content differences. The electrophysiological and behavioral responses of the codling moth to walnut VOCs were measured using gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and a four-arm olfactometer to screen the key active contents. The field investigation results indicated that 90.3% of the eggs spawned by the first generation of adult codling moths were adjacent to the walnut fruits. Walnut VOCs are mainly composed of terpenes, aromatics, and alkanes. Twelve VOCs can produce electroantennogenic (EAG) responses in the codling moths. Both adult males and females exhibit concentration dependence, with notable disparities in their EAG response levels. In the olfactory behavioral bioassay, linalool, eucalyptol, and high doses of geranyl acetate showed repellent effects on the codling moths, while myrcene, β-ocimene, nonanal, methyl salicylate, α-farnesene, and heptaldehyde showed the opposite. The relative levels of heptaldehyde, geranyl acetate, nonanal, and methyl salicylate were high in the fruits, which is intimately related to the localization of the walnut fruit by females. These VOCs can influence the oviposition behavior of codling moths but their application in the control of this pest needs to be confirmed and improved through further field experiments.
PubMed: 38921117
DOI: 10.3390/insects15060402 -
Biosensors Jun 2024This work reports the development of novel curcuminoid-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of environmental pollutants from water. In this study, the first...
This work reports the development of novel curcuminoid-based electrochemical sensors for the detection of environmental pollutants from water. In this study, the first set of electrochemical experiments was carried out using curcumin-conjugated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-CM) for 1,4-dioxane detection. The MWCNT-CM/GCE showed good sensitivity (103.25 nA nM cm in the linear range 1 nM to 1 µM), with LOD of 35.71 pM and LOQ of 108.21 pM. The second set of electrochemical experiments was carried out with bisdemethoxy curcumin analog quantum dots (BDMCAQD) for hydrazine detection. The BDMCAQD/GCE exhibited good sensitivity (74.96 nA nM cm in the linear range 100 nM to 1 µM), with LOD of 10 nM and LOQ of 44.93 nM. Thus, this work will serve as a reference for the fabrication of metal-free electrochemical sensors using curcuminoids as the redox mediator for the enhanced detection of environmental pollutants.
Topics: Hydrazines; Curcumin; Nanotubes, Carbon; Electrochemical Techniques; Dioxanes; Biosensing Techniques; Environmental Pollutants; Quantum Dots; Limit of Detection; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 38920595
DOI: 10.3390/bios14060291 -
Acta Chimica Slovenica Jun 2024Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood sugar levels, leading to organ dysfunction. Curcumin, derived from turmeric, exhibits promise...
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by elevated blood sugar levels, leading to organ dysfunction. Curcumin, derived from turmeric, exhibits promise in managing type II diabetes. Nanomicelles were created by conjugating curcumin with chitosan through succinic anhydride. Succinyl-curcumin, the resultant compound, was esterified with chitosan to form a polymer prodrug conjugate. Nanomicelles, formed via dialysis, were spherical with a hydrodynamic size of 49.37 nm. In vitro release studies revealed 97% curcumin release at pH 5 in 7 days. A 21-day experiment on diabetic mice compared nanomicelles, standard drug, and free curcumin's impact on fasting blood glucose. The study showcased gradual, controlled curcumin release from nanomicelles, suggesting their potential in type II diabetes treatment.
Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Chitosan; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Micelles; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Prodrugs; Nanoparticles; Male; Blood Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents
PubMed: 38919100
DOI: 10.17344/acsi.2024.8658 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Jun 2024Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second largest group of neurodegenerative diseases, and its existing drug treatments are not satisfactory. Natural cell membrane drugs...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second largest group of neurodegenerative diseases, and its existing drug treatments are not satisfactory. Natural cell membrane drugs are used for homologous targeting to enhance efficacy. In this study, microfluidic electroporation chip prepared mesenchymal stem cell-derived neuron-like cell membrane-coated curcumin PLGA nanoparticles (MM-Cur-NPs) was synthesized and explored therapeutic effect and mechanism in PD. MM-Cur-NPs can protect neuron from damage, restore mitochondrial membrane potential and reduce oxidative stress in vitro. In PD mice, it also can improve movement disorders and restore damaged TH neurons. MM-Cur-NPs was found to be distributed in the brain and metabolized with a delay within 24 h. After 1 h administration, MM-Cur-NPs were distributed in brain with a variety of neurotransmitters were significantly upregulated, such as dopamine. Differentially expressed genes of RNA-seq were enriched in the inflammation regulation, and it was found the up-expression of anti-inflammatory factors and inhibited pro-inflammatory factors in PD. Mechanically, MM-Cur-NPs can not only reduce neuronal apoptosis, inhibit the microglial marker IBA-1 and inflammation, but also upregulate expression of neuronal mitochondrial protein VDAC1 and restore mitochondrial membrane potential. This study proposes a therapeutic strategy provide neuroprotective effects through MM-Cur-NPs therapy for PD.
Topics: Animals; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Apoptosis; Nanoparticles; Neurons; Parkinson Disease; Inflammation; Cell Membrane; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Curcumin; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microfluidics; Male; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38918856
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02587-1