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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and... 2024
PubMed: 38812946
DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2024.01.006 -
Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology Jun 2024To study the ocular effects seen among eye cosmetic wearers in the Indian Population.
OBJECTIVE
To study the ocular effects seen among eye cosmetic wearers in the Indian Population.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study was conducted on female participants who had fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A detailed history was obtained and thorough ophthalmic evaluation was done. Mann Whitney test was used. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS. < .05 was taken as the level of statistical significance.
RESULTS
Among a total of 225 participants in our study, the mean age was 24.23 ± 1.8, which comprised of young student females. Majority of the females used one eye cosmetic with Kajal ( = 156) being the most predominant. Most frequently encountered symptom upon using eye cosmetics was watering from eyes and ocular pain was the least encountered symptom. Anterior segment examination showed- allergic conjunctivitis and meibomian gland dysfunction being the most and least predominant, respectively. Our study highlights that Kajal predisposes the eyes to significant ocular morbidity with = .039 for dry eye disease, = .041 for allergic conjunctivitis, = .036 for conjunctival pigmentation. Prolonged use of such formulations for more than 4 times a week ( = .046) or even daily ( = .031) for a duration of either 1-5 years ( = .033) or greater than 5 years ( = .027) was found to be statistically significant in causing ocular signs. Non removal of eye cosmetics at the end of the day was significant in causing allergic conjunctivitis ( = .035) and conjunctival pigmentation ( = .021). Plain tap water has been found to be the least effective technique in the removal of such ocular cosmetics with a statistical significance of = .031 in causing ocular signs.
CONCLUSIONS
Eye cosmetics are a significant contributor to the development of ocular surface diseases. Removal of products along with decreased usage seems to be a significant contributor in dampening unwanted adverse effects.
PubMed: 38806172
DOI: 10.1080/15569527.2024.2360735 -
MedRxiv : the Preprint Server For... May 2024Development of new therapies in melanoma has increased survival, and as a result more patients are living to develop brain metastasis (BrM). Identifying patients at...
IMPORTANCE
Development of new therapies in melanoma has increased survival, and as a result more patients are living to develop brain metastasis (BrM). Identifying patients at increased risk of BrM is therefore of significant public health importance.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether history of atopy is associated with improved survival or reduced incidence of BrM in cutaneous melanoma.
DESIGN
A retrospective cohort study conducted from June 2022 to March 2024.
SETTING
Population-based in states with Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) supported cancer registries.
PARTICIPANTS
Individuals (≥65 years) diagnosed with cutaneous melanoma between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2017 that are participants in traditional Medicare.
EXPOSURES
Individuals were compared that had history of atopy (allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, and/or allergic/atopic conjunctivitis) diagnosed prior to melanoma diagnosis, ascertained using ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes in Medicare claims.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Primary endpoints were diagnosis with a BrM or death during the follow-up period. Associations between atopy and endpoints were assessed using cox proportional hazards models to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and p-values.
RESULTS
A total of 29,956 cutaneous melanoma cases were identified (median age 76, 60% male and 97% non-Hispanic White). Overall, 7.1% developed BrM during follow up. Among the 35% that had history of atopy, the most common condition was atopic dermatitis (19%). After adjustment for demographic and prognostic factors, atopy was associated with a 16% decrease in death (HR=0.84 [95%CI:0.80-0.87], p<0.001). Among those with non-metastatic disease at time of diagnosis, atopy conferred a 15% decrease in cumulative incidence BrM (HR=0.85 [95%CI: 0.76-0.94], p=0.006), with a 25% decrease associated with atopic dermatitis (HR=0.75 [95%CI:0.65-0.86], p<0.001). Among those with metastatic disease at diagnosis (any metastatic site), only those who received immune checkpoint inhibitors had a survival benefit associated with atopy (HR=0.31, [95%CI:0.15-0.64], p=0.001 vs HR=1.41, [95%CI:0.87-2.27], p=0.165).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Atopy, particularly atopic dermatitis, was significantly associated with improved survival and decreased incidence of BrM. The improved survival associated with these conditions in the context of immunotherapy suggests that these conditions in the elderly may identify those with more robust immune function that may be more responsive to treatment.
PubMed: 38798534
DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.15.24307061 -
Molecular Immunology Jul 2024Myopia is regarded as a worldwide epidemic ocular disease, has been proved related to inflammation. CD55, also known as decay-accelerating factor (DAF) can modulate the...
Myopia is regarded as a worldwide epidemic ocular disease, has been proved related to inflammation. CD55, also known as decay-accelerating factor (DAF) can modulate the activation of complement through inhibiting the formation of complement 3 convertase and its dysregulation is involved in various inflammatory diseases. To investigate the association between CD55 and myopia, and to test whether CD55 can inhibit myopia development by suppressing inflammation in the eye, we use three different animal models including monocular form-deprivation myopia, myopia induced by TNF-α administration and allergic conjunctivitis animal model to reveal the CD55 in myopia development. The tears of thirty-eight participants with different spherical equivalents were collected and CD55 in the tears were also analyzed. Complement 3 and complement 5 levels increased while CD55 levels decreased in allergic conjunctivitis and myopic eyes. After anti-inflammatory drugs administration, CD55 expression was increased in monocular form-deprivation myopia model. We also found inflammatory cytokines TGF-β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β may enhance complement 3 and complement 5 activation while CD55 level was suppressed contrary. Moreover, lower CD55 levels were found in the tears of patients with myopia with decreased diopter values. Finally, CD55-Fc administration on the eyelids can inhibit the elongation of axial length and change of refractive error. CD55-Fc application also suppress myopia development subsequent to complement 3 and complement 5 reduction and can lower myopia-specific (MMP-2 and TGF-β) cytokine expression in TNF-α induced myopia animal model. This suggests that CD55 can inhibit myopia development by suppression of complement activation and eventual down-regulation of inflammation.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Female; Humans; Male; Young Adult; CD55 Antigens; Complement Activation; Complement C3; Conjunctivitis, Allergic; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Inflammation; Myopia; Tears; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Complement C5
PubMed: 38795684
DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2024.05.005 -
Japanese Journal of Ophthalmology May 2024To reveal the penetration of epinastine, an anti-allergic ophthalmic agent, into the eyelid and its distribution to the conjunctiva after administration of a cream...
PURPOSE
To reveal the penetration of epinastine, an anti-allergic ophthalmic agent, into the eyelid and its distribution to the conjunctiva after administration of a cream formulation on rabbit eyelid skin.
STUDY DESIGN
Experimental study.
METHODS
Rabbits were treated with 0.5% epinastine cream on hair-shaved eyelids, followed by preparation of eyelid tissue slices to determine spatial tissue distribution of epinastine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) quantification using laser-microdissected tissues and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI). In addition, following either eyelid application of 0.5% epinastine cream or ocular instillation of 0.1% epinastine eye drops, concentration-time profiles of epinastine in the palpebral conjunctiva and bulbar conjunctiva were determined using LC-MS/MS.
RESULTS
Laser microdissection coupled with LC-MS/MS analysis detected high concentrations of epinastine around the outermost layer of the eyelid at 0.5 h post-administration that gradually diffused deeper into the eyelid and was distributed in the conjunctival layer at 8 and 24 h post-administration. Similar time-dependent drug distribution was observed in high-spatial-resolution images obtained using DESI-MSI. Epinastine concentrations in the conjunctival tissues peaked at 4-8 h after administration of 0.5% epinastine cream and then decreased slowly over 72 h post-administration. In contrast, epinastine concentrations peaked quickly and decreased sharply after epinastine eye drop administration.
CONCLUSION
After the application of epinastine cream to the eyelid skin, epinastine gradually permeated the eyelid. The compound was retained in the conjunctiva for 8-24 h post-administration, indicating that epinastine cream is a promising long-acting formulation for treating allergic conjunctivitis.
PubMed: 38795193
DOI: 10.1007/s10384-024-01070-6 -
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology :... May 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and allergic diseases possess similar genetic backgrounds and pathogenesis. Observational studies have shown a correlation, but the...
BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and allergic diseases possess similar genetic backgrounds and pathogenesis. Observational studies have shown a correlation, but the exact direction of cause and effect remains unclear. The aim of this Mendelian randomization (MR) study is to assess bidirectional causality between inflammatory bowel disease and allergic diseases.
METHOD
We comprehensively analyzed the causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and allergic disease (asthma, Hay fever, and eczema) as a whole, allergic conjunctivitis (AC), atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic asthma (AAS), and allergic rhinitis (AR) by performing a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study using summary-level data from genome-wide association studies. The analysis results mainly came from the random-effects model of inverse variance weighted (IVW-RE). In addition, multivariate Mendelian randomization (MVMR) analysis was conducted to adjust the effect of body mass index (BMI) on the instrumental variables.
RESULTS
The IVW-RE method revealed that IBD genetically increased the risk of allergic disease as a whole (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.04, fdr.p = .015), AC (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.06, fdr.p = .011), and AD (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.09, fdr.p = .004). Subgroup analysis further confirmed that CD increased the risk of allergic disease as a whole (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.00-1.03, fdr.p = .031), AC (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01-1.05, fdr.p = .012), AD (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02-1.09, fdr.p = 2E-05), AAS (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.02-1.08, fdr.p = .002) and AR (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.00-1.07, fdr.p = .025), UC increased the risk of AAS (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.98-1.07, fdr.p = .038). MVMR results showed that after taking BMI as secondary exposure, the causal effects of IBD on AC, IBD on AD, CD on allergic disease as a whole, CD on AC, CD on AD, CD on AAS, and CD on AR were still statistically significant. No significant association was observed in the reverse MR analysis.
CONCLUSION
This Mendelian randomized study demonstrated that IBD is a risk factor for allergic diseases, which is largely attributed to its subtype CD increasing the risk of AC, AD, ASS, and AR. Further investigations are needed to explore the causal relationship between allergic diseases and IBD.
Topics: Humans; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hypersensitivity; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Asthma; Crohn Disease; Dermatitis, Atopic; Colitis, Ulcerative; Risk Factors; Body Mass Index
PubMed: 38773751
DOI: 10.1111/pai.14147 -
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings May 2024The clinical development program of the SQ grass, ragweed, tree, and house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablets for allergicrhinitis/conjunctivitis...
BACKGROUND
The clinical development program of the SQ grass, ragweed, tree, and house dust mite (HDM) sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT)-tablets for allergicrhinitis/conjunctivitis (AR/C) included clinical trials conducted in North America,Europe, and Japan.
OBJECTIVE
Data from these trials were analyzed to assess efficacy, immunologic mechanisms, and safety outcomes acrossallergens and geographic regions.
METHODS
Thirteen phase III, double-blind, placebo controlled trials in the subjects with AR/C were conducted in NorthAmerica, Europe (including Russia), and Japan (N = 7763 analyzed). Trials were generally similar with respect to medicalpractice, target population, eligibility criteria, and efficacy and safety monitoring. Data were analyzed for the approved dosesin North America and Europe. Four statistical models were used to enhance comparison of the efficacy end points among the trials.
RESULTS
The SLIT-tablets demonstrated consistent efficacy across allergens and regions, regardless of the statistical analysis used. Relative improvement in the primary efficacy end point compared with placebo by using the predefined protocol analysis ranged from 17.9% to 32.8%, 17.5% to 19.3%, 20.6% to 38.3%, and 39.6% with the grass, HDM, ragweed, and tree SLIT-tablets, respectively. The kinetics of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and IgG4 responses were similar among the allergensand regions. Local application-site reactions were the most common adverse events for all allergens and in all regions. Mosttreatment-related adverse events for all allergens and in all regions were mild in severity. The rate of systemic allergic reactions was similar across regions (0%-0.54%).
CONCLUSION
Confirmatory phase III trials for SLIT-tablets in the treatment of AR/C showed consistent efficacy, immunologic,and safety outcomes across allergens and geographic regions.
PubMed: 38760164
DOI: 10.2500/aap.2024.45.240020 -
Comparison of clinical traits for seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis during allergen exposure.Allergy and Asthma Proceedings May 2024Allergic rhinitis (AR) is traditionally subdivided into seasonal AR (SAR) and perennial AR (PAR) according to the type of allergen and the occurrence of symptoms during... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is traditionally subdivided into seasonal AR (SAR) and perennial AR (PAR) according to the type of allergen and the occurrence of symptoms during the year. There are currently no reports on the comparison of trait profiles for SAR and PAR during the allergen exposure. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics of SAR and PAR during respective allergen exposure periods to provide valuable information for the development of treatment strategies. This study was performed between August 1, 2021, and January 31, 2022, in the Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital. We continuously included diagnosed SAR and PAR outpatients who volunteered to participate in the survey. A questionnaire with regard to medical history, severity of symptoms, and diagnosis and treatment status was collected. A total of 296 patients with SAR and 448 with PAR were finally recruited. Patients with SAR had more severe rhinorrhea compared with patients with PAR (p < 0.001), whereas there was no statistically significant difference in the severity of itching, sneezing, and congestion between the two entities (p ≥ 0.05). Both the gritty and watery eyes of patients with SAR were noticeably more severe than those of patients with PAR (P [P] < 0.001). AR symptom severity is mainly associated with the comorbid allergic conjunctivitis (odds ratio 1.94 [95% confidence interval, 1.21-3.09]). SAR patients and PAR patients show no statistically significant differences in terms of their frequency of visits, annual expenditure, and choice of medication treatment for AR (p > 0.05). The overall control under standard medication of both patients with PAR and those with SAR is not ideal, especially in SAR. The current cross-sectional study demonstrated that the patients with SAR exhibited more severe overall clinical symptoms than those with PAR, especially nasal rhinorrhea and gritty and watery eyes. Both of the two disease entities have poor control under standardized medication treatment, especially in SAR. Further multicenter longitudinal studies that involve larger and more diverse populations should be conducted to provide a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of the condition.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Adult; Allergens; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Middle Aged; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Severity of Illness Index; Young Adult; Adolescent; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 38755782
DOI: 10.2500/aap.2024.45.240009 -
Environmental Research Jul 2024This study aims to quantify the relationship between the arbitrary thermal environment of houses in winter and their occupants' health through a comprehensive...
This study aims to quantify the relationship between the arbitrary thermal environment of houses in winter and their occupants' health through a comprehensive questionnaire survey, involving approximately 24,000 individuals who moved into insulated dwellings in Japan. A relationship between the degree of the thermal insulation of these houses and corresponding rates of improvement in the following 10 diseases were formulated: heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, dermatitis and eczema, pneumonia, inflammatory polyarthropathies, allergic rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. Following the statistical analysis of these outcomes, significant differences in improvement rates were identified among the levels of the thermal insulation of houses for the following five diseases: cerebrovascular diseases, asthma, dermatitis and eczema, allergic rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. In addition, the thermal environments of houses corresponding to each thermal insulation level were estimated by numerical simulations. Using these results, we organized the relationships between the thermal environment conditions of houses and observed prevalence rate for the following four diseases for which the improvement rates increased with increasing insulation levels and significant differences were identified: asthma, dermatitis and eczema, allergic rhinitis, and conjunctivitis. Consequently, we formulated equations to predict the prevalence rates of these diseases using the "mean operative temperature of rooms occupied by each family member from January 1 to February 28."
Topics: Humans; Japan; Seasons; Housing; Adult; Female; Male; Middle Aged; Aged; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult; Adolescent; Child; Prevalence; Health Status; Temperature
PubMed: 38754611
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119147 -
Pediatric Allergy and Immunology :... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Conjunctivitis, Allergic; Child; Male; Female; Interleukin-5; Treatment Outcome; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Adolescent
PubMed: 38753431
DOI: 10.1111/pai.14139