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JAAD Case Reports Jul 2024
PubMed: 38938699
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2024.05.008 -
Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North... Aug 2024Alopecia, a widespread issue affecting both genders, often manifests as androgenetic alopecia, although a thorough examination is needed to rule out other causes. This... (Review)
Review
Alopecia, a widespread issue affecting both genders, often manifests as androgenetic alopecia, although a thorough examination is needed to rule out other causes. This chapter focuses on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Finasteride and minoxidil, the Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments, offer stability and in some cases improvement in scalp coverage. Platelet-rich plasma exhibits positive results as an off-label alopecia therapy. For eligible individuals, hair transplantation proves effective, using healthy follicular units to restore hair-bearing areas. Multiple options allow for the tailoring of interventions to each patient.
Topics: Humans; Alopecia; Minoxidil; Finasteride; Platelet-Rich Plasma; 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors; Male; Female
PubMed: 38936999
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2024.02.006 -
Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics of North... Aug 2024Restoration of the beard region has become an important component of hair restoration surgery due to increased awareness of its natural-appearing results. In the... (Review)
Review
Restoration of the beard region has become an important component of hair restoration surgery due to increased awareness of its natural-appearing results. In the author's experience performing more than 700 primary beard hair transplants and tens of reparative procedures, key aesthetic steps include proper graft dissection so that one- and two-hair grafts contain a minimal cuff of surrounding skin, acute angulation and appropriate direction of recipient sites using the smallest possible recipient-site blades, and aesthetic design.
Topics: Humans; Hair; Alopecia; Esthetics; Scalp; Hair Follicle
PubMed: 38936998
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsc.2024.02.005 -
The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry Jun 2024Vitamin D is a crucial vitamin that participates in various biological processes through the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). While there are studies suggesting that VDR might...
Vitamin D is a crucial vitamin that participates in various biological processes through the Vitamin D Receptor (VDR). While there are studies suggesting that VDR might regulate hair growth through ligand-independent mechanisms, the efficacy of Vitamin D in treating hair loss disorders has also been reported. Here, through in vivo experiments in mice, in vitro organ culture of hair follicles, and cellular-level investigations, we demonstrate that 1,25-(OH)D promotes mouse hair regeneration, prolongs the hair follicle anagen, and enhances the proliferation and migration capabilities of dermal papilla cells and outer root sheath keratinocytes in a VDR-dependent manner. Transcriptome analysis of VDR-knockout mouse skin reveals the involvement of HIF-1α, NLRP3, and IL-1β in these processes. Finally, we confirm that 1,25-(OH)D can counteract the inhibitory effects of DHT on hair growth. These findings suggest that 1,25-(OH)D has a positive impact on hair growth and may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for androgenetic alopecia (AGA).
PubMed: 38936782
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109695 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Jun 2024
PubMed: 38936767
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.05.022 -
Journal of Controlled Release :... Jun 2024Alopecia areata affects over 140 million people worldwide and causes severe psychological distress. The Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, tofacitinib, shows significant...
Alopecia areata affects over 140 million people worldwide and causes severe psychological distress. The Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, tofacitinib, shows significant potential in therapeutic applications for treating alopecia areata; however, the systemic adverse effects of oral administration and low absorption rate at the target site limit its application. Hence, to address this issue, we designed topical formulations of tofacitinib-loaded cationic lipid nanoparticles (TFB-cNLPs) with particle sizes of approximately 200 nm. TFB-cNLPs promoted percutaneous absorption and hair follicle targeting in an ex vivo pig ear model. TFB-cNLP decreased IFN-γ-induced alopecia areata symptoms in an in vitro follicle model by blocking the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway. It also reduced the number of CD8NKG2DT cells in a C3H mouse model of alopecia areata in vivo, thereby inhibiting the progression of alopecia areata and reversing hair loss. These findings suggest that TFB-cNLP enhanced hair follicle targeting and has the potential for topical treatment or prevention of alopecia areata.
PubMed: 38936744
DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.06.060 -
Gynecologic Oncology Jun 2024Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a common and emotionally-taxing side effect of chemotherapy, including taxane agents used frequently in treatment of gynecologic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) is a common and emotionally-taxing side effect of chemotherapy, including taxane agents used frequently in treatment of gynecologic cancers. Scalp hypothermia, also known as "cold caps", is a possible method to prevent severe CIA, studied primarily in the breast cancer population.
OBJECTIVES
To compile existing data on scalp hypothermia in cancer patients receiving taxane chemotherapy in order to investigate its application to the gynecologic cancer population.
SEARCH STRATEGY
MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Cochrane were searched through January 31, 2023.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Full-text manuscripts reporting on the results of scalp hypothermia in patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Binomial proportions were summed, and random-effects meta-analyses performed.
MAIN RESULTS
From 1424 records, we included 31 studies, representing 14 different countries. Only 5 studies included gynecologic cancer patients. We extracted the outcome of the proportion of patients with <50% hair loss. Among 2179 included patients, 60.7% were reported to have <50% hair loss (meta-analysis: 60.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 54.9-66.1%). Among the 28 studies reporting only on taxane-based chemotherapy, the rate of <50% hair loss was 60.0% (meta-analysis: 60.9%, (95% CI: 54.9-66.7%). In comparative studies, hair loss was significantly less in patients who received scalp hypothermia versus those who did not (49.3% versus 0% with <50% hair loss; OR 40.3, 95% CI: 10.5-154.8). Scalp cooling achieved <50% hair loss in patients receiving paclitaxel (67.7%; meta-analysis 69.9%, 95% CI 64.1-75.4%) and docetaxel (57.1%; meta-analysis 60.5%, 95% CI 50.0-71.6%). Meta-analysis on patient satisfaction in regard to scalp cooling found a satisfaction rate of 78.9% (95% CI 69.1-87.4%).
CONCLUSION
Scalp hypothermia may be an effective method to reduce some cases of CIA due to taxane chemotherapy, especially paclitaxel. More trials need to be done to determine the precise effects of scalp hypothermia in gynecologic cancer patients.
PubMed: 38936283
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.06.012 -
International Journal of Surgery... Jun 2024Surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), while neoadjuvant...
BACKGROUND
Surgery and postoperative adjuvant therapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced resectable oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), while neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NACI) is believed to lead better outcomes. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of NACI regimens in treating locally advanced resectable OSCC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients diagnosed with locally advanced resectable OSCC who received NACI and non-NACI were reviewed between December 2020 and June 2022 in our single center. The pathologic response was evaluated to the efficacy of NACI treatment. Adverse events apparently related to NACI treatment were graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rate were assessed.
RESULTS
Our analysis involved 104 patients who received NACI. Notably, the pathological complete response (PCR) rate was 47.1%, and the major pathological response (MPR) rate was 65.4%. The top three grade 1-2 treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were alopecia (104; 100%), anemia (81; 77.9%) and pruritus (62; 59.6%). Importantly, patients achieving MPR exhibited higher programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS). The diagnostic value of CPS as a biomarker for NACI efficacy was enhanced when combined total cholesterol level. The 3-year estimated DFS rates were 89.0% in the NACI cohort compared to 60.8% in the non-NACI cohort, while the 3-year estimated OS rates were 91.3% versus 64.0%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The NACI treatment showed safe and encouragingly efficacious for locally advanced resectable OSCC patients. The high response rates and favorable prognosis suggest this approach as a potential treatment option. Prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate these findings.
PubMed: 38935124
DOI: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000001891 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Patients with alopecia areata (AA) report high levels of dissatisfaction with commonly used treatments. Patient-reported outcomes are essential to understanding...
INTRODUCTION
Patients with alopecia areata (AA) report high levels of dissatisfaction with commonly used treatments. Patient-reported outcomes are essential to understanding patients' experiences with AA treatments. The objective of this study was to evaluate patient-reported satisfaction with hair growth among patients with AA receiving ritlecitinib or placebo and the correlation between clinician-assessed efficacy and patient-reported satisfaction.
METHODS
In the ALLEGRO-2b/3 (NCT03732807) trial, patients with AA and ≥50% scalp hair loss were randomized to daily ritlecitinib or placebo for 24 weeks, with a 24-week extension of continued ritlecitinib or switch from placebo to ritlecitinib. The Patient Satisfaction with Hair Growth (P-Sat) measure evaluated patients' satisfaction with hair growth in 3 domains: amount, quality, and overall satisfaction with hair growth. The pre-specified analysis evaluated the proportion of patients who were slightly, moderately, or very satisfied with hair growth. Several post-hoc analyses assessed the proportion of patients who were moderately/very satisfied and moderately/very dissatisfied and calculated polyserial correlations between change from baseline (CFB) in Severity of Alopecia Tool (SALT) and P-Sat scores at Weeks 24 and 48.
RESULTS
At Week 24, the proportion of patients (N=718) reporting satisfaction (slightly, moderately, or very satisfied) overall with their hair growth ranged from 36.4% in the ritlecitinib 10-mg group (evaluated for dose ranging only) to 67.5% in the 200/50-mg group vs 22.6% in the placebo groups. In patients randomized to ritlecitinib, the proportion who were satisfied increased or was maintained at Week 48. A substantially greater proportion of placebo patients who switched to ritlecitinib reported satisfaction at Week 48 than at Week 24. Similar results were observed for patient satisfaction with the amount and quality of hair growth. In the post hoc analyses defining satisfaction as moderately/very satisfied and dissatisfaction as moderately/very dissatisfied, the benefit of ritlecitinib was also observed. All P-Sat domain scores strongly correlated with CFB-SALT scores at Weeks 24 (range 0.73-0.76; P<0.05) and 48 (0.74-0.77; P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Patients receiving active ritlecitinib doses reported favorable results vs placebo in satisfaction with hair growth up to Week 48. High concordance was observed between improvement in scalp hair growth evaluated by clinicians and patient-reported satisfaction.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov NCT0373280.
PubMed: 38934147
DOI: 10.1159/000539536 -
Cytotechnology Aug 2024A previous study indicated that patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA) have significantly reduced levels of . This study investigates whether promotes hair-follicle...
UNLABELLED
A previous study indicated that patients with androgenic alopecia (AGA) have significantly reduced levels of . This study investigates whether promotes hair-follicle recovery and its possible mechanism. Hair alteration and cutaneous histopathological changes induced by testosterone propionate were observed by H&E and bromodeoxyuridinc (BrdU) stain to evaluate the therapeutic effect of in C57BL/6 J mice. The cellular viability was analyzed in -transfected human hair-follicle stem cells (HFSCs) in vitro. The signaling pathways and pro-proliferative factors were investigated by transcriptomic gene sequencing and qRT-PCR. transfection successfully recovered hair growth and hair-follicle cells in AGA mice. In a series of HFSC studies in vitro, transfection greatly promoted cellular proliferation and decreased cellular apoptosis. Transcriptome gene sequencing suggested that the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway was upregulated by . The qRT-PCR results showed that fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 was 14-times upregulated after transfection. Hair-follicle recovery activity of may involve the upregulation of and PI3K-Akt to promote follicle stem cell survival. These data not only provide a theoretical basis for AGA development but also reveal a novel therapeutic method for AGA patients.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10616-024-00624-3.
PubMed: 38933868
DOI: 10.1007/s10616-024-00624-3