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The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2024To explore a new method to implant deciduous tooth pulp into the canal of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis for the regenerative...
To explore a new method to implant deciduous tooth pulp into the canal of young permanent teeth with necrotic pulps and apical periodontitis for the regenerative endodontic treatment of tooth no: 41 in a 7-year-old male. Briefly, 1.5% Sodium Hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation and calcium hydroxide-iodoform paste were used as root canal disinfectant at the first visit. After 2 weeks, the intracanal medication was removed, and the root canal was slowly rinsed with 17% Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA), followed by flushing with 20 mL saline and then drying with paper points. Tooth no: 72 was extracted, and its pulp was extracted and subsequently implanted into the disinfected root canal along with induced apical bleeding. Calcium hydroxide iodoform paste was gently placed over the bleeding clot, and after forming a mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) coronal barrier, the accessed cavities were restored using Z350 resin composite. The root developments were evaluated radiographic imaging at 6 months, 1 year and 5 years after treatment. Imaging and clinical analysis showed closure of the apical foramen, thickening of the root canal wall, and satisfactory root length growth. Autologous transplantation might be useful to regenerate dental pulp in necrotic young permanent teeth.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child; Dental Pulp; Tooth, Deciduous; Incisor; Calcium Compounds; Aluminum Compounds; Oxides; Drug Combinations; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Silicates; Follow-Up Studies; Regenerative Endodontics; Mandible; Calcium Hydroxide; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Root Canal Therapy; Root Canal Irrigants; Root Canal Filling Materials; Periapical Periodontitis; Sodium Hypochlorite; Dental Pulp Cavity; Hydrocarbons, Iodinated
PubMed: 38755996
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2024.071 -
Allergy and Asthma Proceedings May 2024Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only therapy that protects patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy by preventing systemic reactions after a new sting....
Hymenoptera venom immunotherapy (VIT) is the only therapy that protects patients with Hymenoptera venom allergy by preventing systemic reactions after a new sting. Various extracts for VIT are available and used. VIT administration consists of an induction phase and a maintenance phase. Depot preparations of Hymenoptera VIT extracts are typically used for cluster and conventional protocols, and the maintenance phase. Many patients with Hymenoptera allergy need to achieve tolerance quickly because of the high risk of re-sting and possible anaphylaxis. Our study aimed to show the safety and efficacy of an accelerated regimen with depot preparations on aluminum hydroxide by using relatively high starting doses in a heterogeneous group of patients. The research focused on a group of patients with a history of severe systemic reactions to Hymenoptera stings, with the necessity of swift immunization due to high occupational risks. Aluminum hydroxide depot extracts either of Vepula species or Apis mellifera extracts were used. The induction protocol was started with the highest concentration of depot venom extract of 100,000 standard quality unit and was well tolerated by 19 of 20 patients. Onne patient presented with a mild systemic reaction during the accelerated induction schedule, which was promptly treated with intravenous steroids and intramuscular H1 antihistamine; when switched to a conventional induction protocol, he had a similar reaction but finally reached maintenance with an H1-antagonist premedication. If validated, the accelerated induction protocol by using depot aluminum adsorbed extracts with the highest concentration of venom from the beginning could offer a streamlined and accessible treatment modality for patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis from bee and wasp venoms in need of rapid desensitization.
Topics: Humans; Desensitization, Immunologic; Animals; Adult; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Hymenoptera; Aluminum Hydroxide; Insect Bites and Stings; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult; Allergens; Adolescent; Hypersensitivity; Arthropod Venoms; Aged; Bee Venoms
PubMed: 38755779
DOI: 10.2500/aap.2024.45.240011 -
Clinical and Experimental Vaccine... Apr 2024Pertussis bacteria have many pathogenic and virulent antigens and severe adverse reactions have occurred when using inactivated whole-cell pertussis vaccines. Therefore,...
PURPOSE
Pertussis bacteria have many pathogenic and virulent antigens and severe adverse reactions have occurred when using inactivated whole-cell pertussis vaccines. Therefore, inactivated acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines and genetically detoxified recombinant pertussis (rP) vaccines are being developed. The aim of this study was to assess the safety profile of a novel rP vaccine under development in comparison to commercial diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The two positive control DTaP vaccines (two- and tri-components aP vaccines) and two experimental recombinant DTaP (rDTaP) vaccine (two- and tri-components aP vaccines adsorbed to either aluminum hydroxide or purified oat beta-glucan) were used. Temperature histamine sensitization test (HIST), indirect Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell cluster assay, mouse-weight-gain (MWG) test, leukocytosis promoting (LP) test, and intramuscular inflammatory cytokine assay of the injection site performed for safety assessments.
RESULTS
HIST results showed absence of residual pertussis toxin (PTx) in both control and experimental DTaP vaccine groups, whereas in groups immunized with tri-components vaccines, the experimental tri-components rDTaP absorbed to alum showed an ultra-small amount of 0.0066 IU/mL. CHO cell clustering was observed from 4 IU/mL in all groups. LP tests showed that neutrophils and lymphocytes were in the normal range in all groups immunized with the two components vaccine. However, in the tri-components control DTaP vaccine group, as well as two- and tri-components rDTaP with beta-glucan group, a higher monocyte count was observed 3 days after vaccination, although less than 2 times the normal range. In the MWG test, both groups showed changes less than 20% in body temperature and body weight before the after the final immunizations. Inflammatory cytokines within the muscle at the injection site on day 3 after intramuscular injection revealed no significant response in all groups.
CONCLUSION
There were no findings associated with residual PTx, and no significant differences in both local and systemic adverse reactions in the novel rDTaP vaccine compared to existing available DTaP vaccines. The results suggest that the novel rDTaP vaccine is safe.
PubMed: 38752005
DOI: 10.7774/cevr.2024.13.2.155 -
Journal of Colloid and Interface Science Sep 2024Hydrogel microneedle patches have emerged as promising platforms for painless, minimally invasive, safe, and portable transdermal drug administration. However, the...
Hydrogel microneedle patches have emerged as promising platforms for painless, minimally invasive, safe, and portable transdermal drug administration. However, the conventional mold-based fabrication processes and inherent single-functionality of such microneedles present significant hurdles to broader implementation. Herein, we have developed a novel approach utilizing a precursor solution of robust nanocomposite hydrogels to formulate photo-printable inks suitable for the direct 3D printing of high-precision, triple-responsive hydrogel microneedle patches through digital light processing (DLP) technology. The ink formulation comprises four functionally diverse monomers including 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate, N-isopropylacrylamide, acrylic acid, and acrylamide, which were crosslinked by aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles (AH NPs) acting as both reinforcing agents and crosslinking centers. This results in the formation of a nanocomposite hydrogel characterized by exceptional mechanical strength, an essential attribute for the 3D printing of hydrogel microneeedle patches. Furthermore, this innovative 3D printing strategy facilitates facile customization of microneedle geometry and patch dimensions. As a proof-of-concept, we employed the fabricated hydrogel microneedles for transdermal delivery of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Importantly, these hydrogel microneedles displayed no cytotoxic effects and exhibited triple sensitivity to pH, temperature and glucose levels, thereby enabling more precise on-demand drug delivery. This study provides a universal method for the rapid fabrication of hydrogel microneedles with smart responsiveness for transdermal drug delivery applications.
Topics: Printing, Three-Dimensional; Hydrogels; Nanocomposites; Needles; Drug Delivery Systems; Animals; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Administration, Cutaneous; Cattle; Particle Size; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Surface Properties; Temperature
PubMed: 38749378
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.05.045 -
Materials Horizons May 2024The development of effective and novel flame retardants has been attracting considerable attention in extenuating the fire threat of flammable polymer materials...
The development of effective and novel flame retardants has been attracting considerable attention in extenuating the fire threat of flammable polymer materials including the widely-used epoxy resins. In this work, we pioneeringly report the construction of transition-metal-substituted polyoxometalate-ionic liquids (tmsPOM-ILs) as effective flame retardants, which consist of tetra-metal-containing POMs ([M(HO)(PWO)], MP, M = Ni, Cu) anions and tetra--heptylammonium [(-CH)N, THPA] cations. The resulting tmsPOM-ILs exhibited remarkably improved fire-safety of the epoxy resin (EP) matrix and even at a loading amount of as low as 3 wt%, the flame retardancy efficiency was even higher than that of commercial flame retardants (aluminum hydroxide (ATH), triphenyl phosphate (TPP), and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE)). Physicochemical and mechanistic studies revealed that the remarkable flame retardancy performance of the tmsPOM-ILs reported is due to their excellent epoxy matrix compatibility and remarkable catalytic charring ability. This work opens up a brand-new research direction of developing next-generation compatible and effective tmsPOM-based molecular flame retardants at the molecular level.
PubMed: 38747452
DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00099d -
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Dec 2024COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and meningococcal disease, caused by , are relevant infectious diseases, preventable through vaccination. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs),...
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and meningococcal disease, caused by , are relevant infectious diseases, preventable through vaccination. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), released from Gram-negative bacteria, such as , present adjuvant characteristics and may confer protection against meningococcal disease. Here, we evaluated in mice the humoral and cellular immune response to different doses of receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted by C:2a:P1.5 OMVs and aluminum hydroxide, as a combined preparation for these pathogens. The immunization induced IgG antibodies of high avidity for RBD and OMVs, besides IgG that recognized the Omicron BA.2 variant of SARS-CoV-2 with intermediary avidity. Cellular immunity showed IFN-γ and IL-4 secretion in response to RBD and OMV stimuli, demonstrating immunologic memory and a mixed Th1/Th2 response. Offspring presented transferred IgG of similar levels and avidity as their mothers. Humoral immunity did not point to the superiority of any RBD dose, but the group immunized with a lower antigenic dose (0.5 μg) had the better cellular response. Overall, OMVs enhanced RBD immunogenicity and conferred an immune response directed to too.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Immunoglobulin G; Neisseria meningitidis; Female; Antibodies, Viral; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Adjuvants, Immunologic; COVID-19 Vaccines; Immunity, Cellular; Immunity, Humoral; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Meningococcal Infections; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Adjuvants, Vaccine; Aluminum Hydroxide; Immunization; Antibody Affinity; Antibodies, Bacterial; Meningococcal Vaccines; Immunologic Memory; Th1 Cells
PubMed: 38745461
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2346963 -
Journal of Medicinal Chemistry May 2024Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 agonists are immunostimulatory vaccine adjuvants. A systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of TLR7-active...
Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 agonists are immunostimulatory vaccine adjuvants. A systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) study of TLR7-active 1-benzyl-2-butyl-1-imidazo[4,5-]quinolin-4-amine led to the identification of a potent hTLR7-specific -hydroxymethyl IMDQ with an EC value of 0.22 μM. The SAR investigation also resulted in the identification of TLR7 selective carboxamide with EC values of 0.32 μM for hTLR7 and 18.25 μM for hTLR8. In the vaccination study, TLR7-specific compound alone or combined with alum (aluminum hydroxide wet gel) showed adjuvant activity for a spike protein immunogen in mice, with enhanced anti-spike antibody production. Interestingly, the adjuvant system comprising carboxamide and alum showed prominent adjuvant activity with high levels of IgG1, IgG2b, and IgG2c in immunized mice, confirming a balanced Th1/Th2 response. In the absence of any apparent toxicity, the TLR7 selective agonists in combination with alum may make a suitable vaccine adjuvant.
Topics: Toll-Like Receptor 7; Structure-Activity Relationship; Animals; Humans; Adjuvants, Immunologic; Mice; Female; Alum Compounds; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Imidazoles
PubMed: 38741265
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00464 -
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology... Apr 2024Asthma is a common airway disease associated with allergic inflammation. Environmental factors, such as pollens, pollution, insect-borne antigens, or commercial...
Asthma is a common airway disease associated with allergic inflammation. Environmental factors, such as pollens, pollution, insect-borne antigens, or commercial chemicals, cause this disease. The common symptoms of this airway allergic reaction are increasing mucus, narrowing of the airway wall, coughing, and chest tightness. Medications, such as steroids, alleviate the disease but with severe side effects. Several studies have reported the anti-inflammatory effects of tree-based essential oil components, particularly 3-carene. Therefore, this study used 3-carene to determine if it alleviates asthmatic symptoms in the murine model. First, BALB/c mice were sensitized to an ovalbumin and aluminium hydroxide mixture on day 7 and 14. From days 21 to 23, the mice were challenged with 3-carene and budesonide. The lung trachea, plasma, and bronchiolar lavage fluid (BAL fluid) were collected on day 24. The 3-carene treatment suppressed the cytokine gene expression, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13, reducing the lung epithelial cell thickness in the asthmatic model. These results suggest that essential oil 3-carene has an anti-asthmatic effect.
Topics: Animals; Female; Mice; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asthma; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Disease Models, Animal; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Lung; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Bicyclic Monoterpenes
PubMed: 38736266
DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2024.2.08 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2024We investigated the photocatalytic property of etched iron‑aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites using urea-modified biochar (N-BC) carrier to degrade...
We investigated the photocatalytic property of etched iron‑aluminum layered double hydroxide (LDH) composites using urea-modified biochar (N-BC) carrier to degrade para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), a refractory organic pollutant. The prepared FeAl-LDH@FeSx-N-BC composite exhibited excellent photocatalytic performance, attributed to the enhanced photogenerated charge-carrier separation by the etched LDH and the improved comparative surface areas by the doped N-BC. The composite photocatalytically degraded 96 % of PABA. The performance was affected by solute concentration, pH and photocatalyst dose. Adding p-benzoquinone and EDTA-2Na significantly decreased the degradation rate, suggesting that superoxide radicals and holes were co-involved in PABA degradation. The excellent PABA removal efficiency was consistent for three consecutive runs. The samples' reactive oxygen species was confirmed, as electron paramagnetic reverberation explained the photodegradation mechanism. Under xenon lamp irradiation, two PABA photocatalytic degradation pathways were proposed using Liquid Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer (LCMS) and density functional theory. As expected, FeAl-LDH@FeSx-N-BC showed excellent photocatalytic performance, expanding a new direction and possibility for future photocatalytic treatment of water pollutants.
PubMed: 38723958
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173056 -
Bioresource Technology Jun 2024Phosphorus is enriched in waste activated sludge (WAS) during wastewater treatment, and organic phosphorus (OP) is a potential slow-release P fertilizer. The chemical...
Phosphorus is enriched in waste activated sludge (WAS) during wastewater treatment, and organic phosphorus (OP) is a potential slow-release P fertilizer. The chemical coagulants used in sludge dewatering leave numerous residues in WAS that affect sludge composting. In this study, the effects of polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and polyferric sulfate (PFS) on the bioconversion of dissolved OP (DOP) during sludge composting were investigated. The results revealed that PFS conditioning promoted the transformation and bioavailability of DOP, whereas PAC conditioning inhibited. Results indicated that PFS conditioning enhanced the transformation of OP molecules in the thermophilic phase. Through oxidation and dehydrogenation reactions, 1-hydroxy-pentane-3,4-diol-5-phosphate and D-ribofuranose 5-phosphate with high bioactivity were generated in the PFS-conditioned compost. Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments further verified that PFS conditioning enhanced the DOP bioavailability in the compost, whereas PAC conditioning inhibited it. The study has provided molecular insights into the effects of chemical conditioning on DOP conversion during sludge composting.
Topics: Sewage; Phosphorus; Biological Availability; Composting; Organic Chemicals; Solubility; Hydrolysis; Aluminum Hydroxide
PubMed: 38723729
DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130809