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Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Apr 2024The machairodontine felid Homotherium achieved a global geographic distribution throughout much of the Pleistocene. Accordingly, that large carnivore is important for...
The machairodontine felid Homotherium achieved a global geographic distribution throughout much of the Pleistocene. Accordingly, that large carnivore is important for understanding patterns of community composition. We report on a new record of Homotherium based on a fragmentary premaxilla-maxilla discovered on McFaddin Beach, Texas, along the Gulf of Mexico. Skeletal remains of extinct, Pleistocene vertebrates accumulate on McFaddin Beach. Those fossils appear to originate from submerged deposits on the continental shelf in the Gulf of Mexico, an area that was subaerially exposed in the Late Pleistocene during glacial intervals. Marine erosion and transport altered the externally visible morphology of the current specimen, obscuring and/or damaging taxonomically informative details of the preserved dentition. However, high-resolution X-ray computed tomography revealed diagnostic portions of the unerupted crown of an upper canine within its alveolus. The serrated edges of the canine combined with the position of the incisors demonstrate that the specimen from McFaddin Beach represents a species of Homotherium. That specimen is the latest in a larger sample of Homotherium in Texas that spans most of the Pliocene-Pleistocene. This is the first occurrence of Homotherium from the continental shelf of the Gulf Coast. That landscape may have formed a broad subtropical Gulf Coast corridor that facilitated the dispersal of Neotropical taxa along the coast between Texas and Florida. The associated fauna from McFaddin Beach contains Neotropical mammals common to southern Texas and Florida and indicates that Homotherium was a member of the fauna inhabiting the Gulf Coast corridor during the Late Pleistocene.
PubMed: 38654480
DOI: 10.1002/ar.25461 -
Annals of Surgery Apr 2024We propose the first classification scheme for macroglossia in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS), the BWS Index of macroGlossia (BIG).
OBJECTIVE/ SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA
We propose the first classification scheme for macroglossia in patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS), the BWS Index of macroGlossia (BIG).
METHODS
Patients with molecularly confirmed BWS seen from 2004-2023 were included to develop this system. Relationships among BIG scores, tongue reduction surgery, BWS clinical score, percent mosaicism, and polysomnography findings were examined.
RESULTS
Patients were classified from BIG0 to BIG3. BIG0 includes those without macroglossia; BIG1 includes those with macroglossia not protruding beyond the teeth/alveolus; BIG2 includes those with tongue protrusion past the teeth/alveolus to the lips but that can be contained within the mouth; and BIG3 includes those with tongues that protrude beyond the teeth/alveolus and lips but that cannot be closed within the mouth. Of the 459 patients with molecularly confirmed BWS, 266 (58.0%) patients were scored. One hundred and eleven (41.7%) were BIG0, 44 (16.5%) were BIG1, 90 (33.8%) were BIG2, and 21 (7.9%) were BIG3. As scores increased, patients had an increased incidence of tongue reduction surgery (BIG0: 0% versus BIG1: 20.5% versus BIG2: 51.1% versus BIG3: 100%; r=0.66, P <0.01). Higher BIG scores were associated with elevated BWS clinical scores (r=0.68, P <0.01) and increased tissue mosaicism (r=0.50, P <0.01) as well as trends towards worse obstructive apnea-hypopnea indices (r=0.29, P =0.02) and lower SpO 2 nadirs (r=-0.29, P =0.02).
CONCLUSION
In this large series of patients with Beckwith-Wiedemann Syndrome, increased BIG score correlates with undergoing tongue reduction surgery and increased phenotypic severity. Adoption of the BIG scoring system may facilitate communication and risk stratification across institutions.
PubMed: 38647147
DOI: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000006301 -
Clinical Advances in Periodontics Apr 2024The socket-shield (SS) technique results in long-term functional osseo- and dento-integration, preserving the dimensional stability of hard and soft tissues over time....
BACKGROUND
The socket-shield (SS) technique results in long-term functional osseo- and dento-integration, preserving the dimensional stability of hard and soft tissues over time. This study aimed to describe the successful implementation of a surgical technique to facilitate "SS" cases.
METHODS
The cases included males and females aged 32-81 years consecutively treated between 2020 and 2023 (longest follow-up, 3.5 years). For each case, pre- and post-operative cone-beam computed tomography (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine files) and intraoral optical scans (IOS; STL files) were performed. Digital immediate implant placement and simultaneous tooth extraction and SS production were planned using an implant planning software. Implants were planned considering sagittal-ridge and tooth-root angular-configuration. Surgical guides were used to perform the digitally-supported SS technique. All cases were planned and surgically performed by one operator (Pedro M. Trejo). Preoperative digital IOS-models were superimposed to post-operative models to assess soft-tissue changes. Pre and post sagittal views were used to assess the radiographic buccal-plate thickness at various healing times. An investigator not involved with case planning or treatment performed measurements.
RESULTS
Results reflected soft-tissue stability with minimal mean thickness change at 0-, 1-, 2-, and 3-mm measurement levels of 0.03, -0.2, 0.14, -0.07, and 0.04 mm, respectively, with a mean gingival-margin change of 0.04 mm. The free gingival-margin change ranged from a 0.58-mm gain in height to a -0.57-mm loss. The mean radiographic buccal-plate thickness post-operatively was 2.04 mm (range, 0.7-2.9 mm).
CONCLUSION
The digitally-supported guided SS technique enables predictable immediate implant-placement positions and stable buccal peri-implant soft and hard tissues over time.
KEY POINTS
Why are these cases new information? The uniqueness of the surgical technique described herein is that it results in favorable positions of immediate, socket-shielded (SSed), implant placements, with soft- and hard-tissue stability as the byproduct. What are the keys to successful management of these cases? Digitally, plan for the best possible implant position within the alveolar housing to satisfy prosthetic requirements, and then adjust this position to accommodate the socket shield dimensions. Digitally, provide a space/gap between the future dentinal shield and the implant. Clinically, allow for time to carve the final position and dimensions of the shield. Plan ahead the extent of the apical third of the SS, and the removal of the apex, if dealing with a long root. What are the primary limitations to success in these cases? Inadequate use of digital technology; case-sensitive technique requires proper execution of each digital and technical clinical step.
PubMed: 38646865
DOI: 10.1002/cap.10290 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2024Several diseases affect the alveoli, and the efficacy of medical treatments and pharmaceutical therapies is hampered by the lack of pre-clinical models able to recreate...
Several diseases affect the alveoli, and the efficacy of medical treatments and pharmaceutical therapies is hampered by the lack of pre-clinical models able to recreate the diseases. Microfluidic devices, mimicking the key structural and compositional features of the alveoli, offer several advantages to medium and high-throughput analysis of new candidate therapies. Here, we developed an alveolus-on-a-chip recapitulating the microanatomy of the physiological tissue by including the epithelium, the fibrous interstitial layer and the capillary endothelium. A PDMS device was obtained assembling a top layer and a bottom layer obtained by replica molding. A polycaprolactone/gelatin (PCL-Gel) electrospun membrane was included within the two layers supporting the seeding of 3 cell phenotypes. Epithelial cells were grown on a fibroblast-laden collagen hydrogel located on the top side of the PCL-Gel mats while endothelial cells were seeded on the basolateral side of the membrane. The innovative design of the microfluidic device allows to replicate both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions according to the cell arrangement along with the establishment of physiologically relevant air-liquid interface conditions. Indeed, high cell viability was confirmed for up to 10 days and the formation of a tight endothelial and epithelial barrier was assessed by immunofluorescence assays.
PubMed: 38646009
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1346660 -
Dental Materials Journal Jun 2024The delayed mucosal healing of tooth extraction sockets in diabetes has few known effective treatment strategies, and its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Senescent...
The delayed mucosal healing of tooth extraction sockets in diabetes has few known effective treatment strategies, and its underlying mechanism remains unknown. Senescent cells may play a pivotal role in this delay, given the well-established association between diabetes, senescent cells, and wound healing. Here, we demonstrated an increase in p21- or p16-positive senescent cells in the epithelial and connective tissues of extraction sockets in type 2 diabetic rats compared to those in control rats. Between 7 and 14 days after tooth extraction, a decrease in senescent cells and improvement in re-epithelialization failure were observed in the epithelium, while an increase in senescent cells and persistence of inflammation were observed in the connective tissue. These results suggest that cellular senescence may have been induced by diabetes and contributed to delayed mucosal healing by suppressing re-epithelization and persistent inflammation. These findings provide new targets for treatment using biomaterials, cells, and drugs.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Tooth Extraction; Wound Healing; Cellular Senescence; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Male; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Tooth Socket; Biocompatible Materials; Mouth Mucosa; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 38644214
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-262 -
Dental Traumatology : Official... Apr 2024The purpose of this study was to observe the outcome of mature third molars transplantation into surgically created sockets with the assistance of computer designed...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
The purpose of this study was to observe the outcome of mature third molars transplantation into surgically created sockets with the assistance of computer designed three dimensional (3-D) printed replicas and compare its outcome with the conventional fresh socket autotransplantation.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This study included total of 96 mature third molars autotransplanted in 96 cases with the guidance of computer designed 3-D printed replicas. Forty-eight teeth autotransplanted into surgically created sockets were enrolled into the surgically created socket group and 48 teeth conventionally autotransplanted into fresh sockets were enrolled into the fresh socket group. In the surgically created socket group, mature third molars were autotransplanted into surgically prepared sockets at the site of previously missed or extracted molars in the alveolar bone and in the fresh socket group, autotransplantation of mature third molars were performed in fresh sockets of extracted diseased molars simultaneously. After transplantation, the visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Landry Wound Healing Index (LWHI), mobility and probing depth (PD) of the transplanted teeth were measured and the patient satisfaction questionnaire were held in both group. All patients underwent clinical and radiographic examinations during the follow-up.
RESULTS
During the mean follow-up period of 47.63 ± 16.78 months (range 18-78 months), 92 out of 96 teeth remained in situ without clinical or radiographic complications with overall success rate of 95.83%. No statistically significant differences were found in success and survival rates between the two group. The average extra-oral time of the donor teeth were 60.76 ± 22.41 s and mean positioning trials of the donor teeth were 2.43 ± 1.19. The VAS score at Day 1 in the surgically created socket group was higher than the fresh socket group (p < .05). LWHI scores in the surgically created group were lower than the fresh socket group during the first 2 weeks (p < .05). The degree of mobility of the transplanted teeth in both group showed no statistically significant difference during the first 3 months. PD in the surgically created group were higher than the fresh socket group in the first month but there were no statistically significant difference after 1 month. Twenty-six out of 48 cases in the surgically created group needed crown restoration while only 10 cases went through crown restoration in the fresh socket group. Most patients in both group were satisfied with the treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
Autogenous mature third molars transplantation into surgically created sockets is as effective as conventional fresh socket transplantation. This technique is worth recommending in carefully selected cases and optimistic results can be achieved.
PubMed: 38641921
DOI: 10.1111/edt.12958 -
Asian Journal of Surgery Apr 2024
PubMed: 38641527
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2023.12.211 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Apr 2024Patients with a cleft require structured procedures to achieve feasible treatment results. Since many treatment protocols coexist without being superior to one another,...
OBJECTIVE
Patients with a cleft require structured procedures to achieve feasible treatment results. Since many treatment protocols coexist without being superior to one another, this study investigated the Saarland University Hospital treatment concept for patients with unilateral and bilateral clefts to evaluate its effects upon dental arch dimensions until the early mixed dentition.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Digitized plaster models were used for data collection. Records of 83 patients (Cleft n = 41 [UCLP n = 28, BCLP n = 13], Non-Cleft Control n = 42) comprised 249 casts. The evaluation included established procedures for measurements of edentulous and dentate jaws. Statistics included Shapiro-Wilk, Friedmann, Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney-U-Tests for the casts. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05.
RESULTS
The cast analysis showed an approximation of arch dimensions towards those of age-matched patients without a cleft until early mixed dentition. The mean values of patients with and without cleft lip and palate were almost indistinguishable when compared in primary and/or early mixed dentition.
CONCLUSIONS
The evaluated treatment concept leads to feasible outcomes regarding dental arches in patients with unilateral and bilateral clefts compared to an age-matched non-cleft control.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The evaluated treatment concept leads to favorable outcomes until early mixed dentition.
Topics: Humans; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Dental Arch; Maxilla
PubMed: 38627261
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05656-9 -
Maxillofacial Plastic and... Apr 2024This narrative review systematically explores the progression of materials and techniques in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). We commence by delineating the evolution... (Review)
Review
This narrative review systematically explores the progression of materials and techniques in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). We commence by delineating the evolution from traditional ARP methods to cutting-edge alternatives, including platelet-rich fibrin, injectable bone repair materials, and hydrogel systems. Critical examination of various studies reveals these innovative approaches not only accelerate bone healing but also significantly improve patient-reported outcomes, such as satisfaction, pain perception, and overall quality of life. Emphasis is placed on the correlation between advanced ARP techniques and enhanced patient comfort and clinical efficacy, underscoring their transformative potential in dental implantology. Highlighting the effectiveness of ARP, the implant survival rate over a span of 5 to 7 years was high, showcasing the reliability and success of these methods. Further, patients expressed high aesthetic satisfaction with the soft tissue outcome, evidenced by an average visual analog scale (VAS) score of 94. This positive aesthetic appraisal is linked to the clinical health of implants, potentially due to the employment of tooth-supported surgical guides. The economic analysis reveals a varied cost range for bone graft substitutes ($46.2 to $140) and socket sealing materials ($12 to $189), with a noteworthy correlation between the investment in barrier membranes and the diminished horizontal and vertical ridge resorption. This suggests that membrane usage significantly contributes to preserving ridge dimensions, offering a cost-effective strategy for enhancing ARP outcomes. In conclusion, this review illuminates the significant advancements in ARP, highlighting the shift towards innovative materials and techniques that not only promise enhanced bone regeneration and reduced healing times but also improve patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcomes. The documented high implant survival rate and the beneficial economic implications of membrane use further validate the effectiveness of contemporary ARP strategies, paving the way for their broader adoption in dental implantology.
PubMed: 38625426
DOI: 10.1186/s40902-024-00425-w -
Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi = Chinese Journal... May 2024To analyze the drug-resistant gene loci of (MP) using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). From November 2022 to October 2023, 697 clinical samples...
To analyze the drug-resistant gene loci of (MP) using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS). From November 2022 to October 2023, 697 clinical samples (including sputum, alveolar lavage fluid and blood) of 686 children with positive detected by mNGS were retrospectively analyzed. Samples were divided into intensive care unit (ICU) group and non-ICU group, Chi-square test was used to compare groups, and Mann-Kendall trend test was used to analyze the change trend of the detection rate of drug resistance gene loci over time. Of the 697 samples, 164 were from the ICU group and 533 were from the non-ICU group. The detection rate of resistance gene was 44.3% (309/697), and all detected drug-resistant gene loci of MP were A2063G. The detection rate of in ICU group was 50.0% (82/164), and the detection rates of resistance gene loci in sputum, alveolus lavage fluid and blood samples were 75.0% (18/24) and 48.4% (62/128), respectively. The detection rate in sputum was higher than alveolus lavage fluid samples (=5.72,=0.017). The detection rate of in non-ICU group was 42.6% (227/533), the detection rate of resistance gene loci in sputum and alveolar lavage fluid was 40.0% (16/40), 44.3% (201/454), and no detection rate in blood samples (0/12). There was no significant difference in the detection rate of alveolar lavage fluid and sputum (=0.27, =0.602). From November 2022 to October 2023, the detection rate of submitted samples showed an increasing trend month by month (overall: =3.99, ICU inspection group: =2.93, non-ICU group: =3.01, all <0.01). Among the bacteria commonly detected with , Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for the highest proportion, the detection rate was 15.5% (108/697), and Epstein-Barr virus accounted for the highest proportion of 17.6% (123/697). From November 2022 to October 2023, the detection rate of drug resistance gene loci showed an increasing trend. The detection rate of drug resistance gene loci in sputum samples of ICU group was higher than alveolus lavage fluid. No new drug resistance site were detected.
Topics: Humans; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Retrospective Studies; Child; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Metagenomics; Sputum; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Male; Child, Preschool; Female
PubMed: 38623014
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112140-20240105-00019