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F1000Research 2022Various stemness markers (SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG) have been studied in odontogenic cysts and tumors. However, studies on SALL4 having similar properties of stemness has...
BACKGROUND
Various stemness markers (SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG) have been studied in odontogenic cysts and tumors. However, studies on SALL4 having similar properties of stemness has not been documented. Additionally, insight into fascin as a migratory molecule is less explored. In this study, the expression of SALL4 and fascin were evaluated in ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), odontogenic keratocyst (OKC), dentigerous cyst (DC), radicular cyst (RC), and calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC).
METHODS
Semi-quantitative analysis of fascin and SALL4 immuno-positive cells was done in a total of 40 cases of ameloblastoma (11 plexiform, 12 follicular, 12 unicystic, and 5 desmoplastic) variants, 6 cases of AOT, 15 each of OKC, DC, RC and 5 of COC. Chi-square test was applied to evaluate the association between SALL4 and fascin expression in odontogenic cysts and tumors.
RESULTS
Fascin immunopositivity was observed in peripheral ameloblast-like cells, and weak or absent in stellate reticulum-like cells. A moderate to weak immune-reactivity to SALL4 was observed in the cytoplasm of ameloblastoma, epithelial cells of dentigerous and radicular cysts, having a marked inflammatory infiltrate, which is an interesting observation. COC and AOT had negative to weak expressions. No recurrence has been reported.
CONCLUSIONS
Expression of fascin in ameloblastomas elucidate their role in motility and localized invasion. Its expression in less aggressive lesions like DC, COC, AOT will incite to explore the other functional properties of fascin. SALL4 expression in the cytoplasm of odontogenic cysts and tumors may represent inactive or mutant forms which requires further validation.
Topics: Humans; Transcription Factors; Microfilament Proteins; Odontogenic Cysts; Carrier Proteins; Immunohistochemistry; Ameloblastoma; Odontogenic Tumors; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 38895097
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126091.3 -
Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences Apr 2024Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor that is further classified into being primary or secondary arising from a preexisting benign ameloblastoma....
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor that is further classified into being primary or secondary arising from a preexisting benign ameloblastoma. It affects the mandible in two thirds of the patients. There is no standard treatment protocol for this lesion but radicalsurgical excision with or without radiotherapy is reported in the majority of cases. In this paper, we present a case of a 22 year old male diagnosed with Ameloblastic carcinoma of the mandible with a clinical course of typical aggressiveness and extensive destruction. Histopathological examination of the incised biopsy showed a parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium with underlying fibrous connective tissue stroma. The stroma is highly myxomatous and exhibits islands of odontogenic epithelium and chronic inflammatory cell infiltrates. Interlacing strands of odontogenic epithelium shows stellate reticulum-like cells and occasional areas of squamous metaplasia with cellular and nuclear pleomorphism. In addition, mitotic figures were noted. With the correlation of clinical, radiographic, and histological features, the lesion is diagnosed as ameloblastic carcinoma. The lesion was surgical excised and post-treatment follow-up for 6 months revealed no recurrence of the malignancy.
PubMed: 38882877
DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_1204_23 -
Indian Journal of Pathology &... Jun 2024CD56, associated with neuroectodermal differentiation of the embryonal cells, is often considered a marker of neural lineage. Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are of...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
CD56, associated with neuroectodermal differentiation of the embryonal cells, is often considered a marker of neural lineage. Odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs) are of particular interest because of their characteristic histopathologic features, high recurrence rate, and aggressive behavior. CD56 immunoreactivity in these lesions has been reported with very high frequency. The present study analyzes the immunoexpression of CD56 in ameloblastoma (AM) and OKC to infer neuroectodermal influence in the pathogenesis of odontogenic lesions and its correlation with clinicopathologic parameters.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Fifty histopathologically confirmed cases of OKC and AM, 25 from tooth-bearing (TB) and molar-ramus (MR) regions each, and 5 dental follicular tissues as control were collected from the department archives and immunohistochemical analysis with CD56 was carried out.
RESULTS
CD56 immunopositivity was seen in 64% AM and 36% OKC cases. The majority of AM cases showed cytoplasmic expression in the peripheral cells of odontogenic islands; similarly, OKC cases showed continuous and uniform cytoplasmic expression in the basal and parabasal cells of the cystic lining. CD56 immunopositivity was found in more AM cases as compared to OKC cases in both the TB and MR regions.
INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS
The assessment of CD56 immunoexpression in odontogenic cyst and tumor (AM) may aid in understanding the role of neuroectodermal influence in the etiopathogenetic pathways and a possible influence of CD56 on the clinical behavior and aggressiveness of the odontogenic lesions. A correlation of CD56 expression with the clinical outcome of the disease (site, perforation, root resorption, and tooth displacement) can help envisage possible prognostic assessment for these lesions.
PubMed: 38881415
DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_869_23 -
The Oncologist Jun 2024This is a phase II subprotocol of the NCI-COG Pediatric MATCH study evaluating vemurafenib, a selective oral inhibitor of BRAF V600 mutated kinase, in patients with...
BACKGROUND
This is a phase II subprotocol of the NCI-COG Pediatric MATCH study evaluating vemurafenib, a selective oral inhibitor of BRAF V600 mutated kinase, in patients with relapsed or refractory solid tumors harboring BRAF V600 mutations.
METHODS
Patients received vemurafenib at 550 mg/m2 (maximum 960 mg/dose) orally twice daily for 28-day cycles until progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary aim was to determine the objective response rate and secondary objectives included estimating progression-free survival and assessing the tolerability of vemurafenib.
RESULTS
Twenty-two patients matched to the subprotocol and 4 patients (18%) enrolled. Primary reasons for non-enrollment were ineligibility due to exclusions of low-grade glioma (nâ=â7) and prior BRAF inhibitor therapy (nâ=â7). Enrolled diagnoses were one each of histiocytosis, ameloblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, and high-grade glioma, all with BRAF V600E mutations. Treatment was overall tolerable with mostly expected grade 1/2 adverse events (AE). Grade 3 or 4 AE on treatment were acute kidney injury, hyperglycemia, and maculopapular rash. One patient came off therapy due to AE. One patient (glioma) had an objective partial response and remained on protocol therapy for 15 cycles.
CONCLUSION
There was a low accrual rate on this MATCH subprotocol, with only 18% of those who matched with BRAFV600 mutations enrolling, resulting in early termination, and limiting study results (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03220035).
PubMed: 38873934
DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae119 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Mar 2024This study aimed to analyze the clinicoradiologic features and Ki-67 proliferation indices between the histopathologic variants of ameloblastomas (ABs) for possible...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to analyze the clinicoradiologic features and Ki-67 proliferation indices between the histopathologic variants of ameloblastomas (ABs) for possible associations.
STUDY DESIGN
The diagnosis and histopathologic variant were confirmed for all cases by experienced Oral and Maxillofacial Pathologists. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67 was performed on the most representative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue block. Demographic, clinical data and radiologic features were analyzed from patient records and available radiographic examinations. The investigators were blinded to the histopathologic variant and proliferation index when the clinicoradiologic features were assessed.
RESULTS
The current study included 116 cases of AB in the final sample. The indolent behavior of the unicystic variant was supported by their low proliferation index and slow growth paired with low frequencies of cortical destruction, loss of teeth, root resorption, and encroachment on anatomical structures. In contrast, the comparatively high proliferation index of the plexiform variant correlated with their fast growth and pain. Furthermore, high radiologic frequencies of cortical destruction, loss of teeth, and encroachment of surrounding anatomical structures supported their more aggressive clinical course.
CONCLUSION
Statistically significant differences were noted between certain variants and Ki-67, location, borders, locularity, and cortical destruction, providing better insight into their biological behavior.
PubMed: 38871622
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.03.007 -
In Silico Pharmacology 2024Ameloblastoma is a non-cancerous but aggressive oral tumor emerging from odontogenic epithelial tissue involved during odontogenesis. Since there is lack in unravelling...
UNLABELLED
Ameloblastoma is a non-cancerous but aggressive oral tumor emerging from odontogenic epithelial tissue involved during odontogenesis. Since there is lack in unravelling the complete molecular pathogenesis of ameloblastoma, chemotherapy is less attempted and a lot of disagreement over the optimal treatment option. Hence, till date, wide surgical resection is considered to be the reliable treatment for ameloblastoma. The Neurotrophin Signaling pathway plays an important role in neuron signaling and it is closely related with the MAPK pathway, which on the other hand regulated cell differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, plasticity and survival. Protein- Protein Interaction analysis was analysed with STRING tool using WNL value, identified that CTNNB1, HRAS, NGFR, NGFR, and SORT1 having high interacting with BDNF, NT4, p75NTR, NGF, and NT3. The results of ontology analysis revealed that Neurotrophin signaling pathway is associated with Cell surface receptor signaling pathway, regulation of cell differentiation, regulation of development process, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, MAPK signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and Ras signaling pathway leading to pathogenesis involving genes. Further, clustering coefficient values of proteins BDNF, NT4, p75NTR, NGF & NT3 were identified as 0.627, 0.708, 0.367, 0.644 & 0.415 The results of molecular docking studies revealed among the selected ligands Methyl-ɣ-oresellinate, N-(4-Hydroxy-phenyl)-2-phenyl-N-phenylacetyl-acetamide, Atranorin and Oresellinate exhibited high binding affinity with selected protein. The key genes involved in Neurotrophin signaling pathway leading to ameloblastoma pathogenesis is revealed, which are closely associated with cell differentiation, cell proliferation, pro-apoptosis, and pro-survival regulations. Further it can be concluded that Neurotrophin signaling pathway could be one of the promising pathway to tailor the targeted drug therapy for Ameloblastoma treatment.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40203-024-00223-2.
PubMed: 38867766
DOI: 10.1007/s40203-024-00223-2 -
Diagnostic Pathology Jun 2024Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) represents an uncommon reactive endothelial hyperplastic proliferation. A 46-year-old man experienced increased... (Review)
Review
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) represents an uncommon reactive endothelial hyperplastic proliferation. A 46-year-old man experienced increased volume in the right maxilla, elevation of the nasal ala, and swelling of the hard palate with a reddish hue for 3 months. Computed tomography revealed an expansive hypodense region and cortical bone destruction associated with an impacted supernumerary tooth and an endodontically treated tooth. Under the differential diagnoses of a radicular cyst, dentigerous cyst, and ameloblastoma, an exploratory aspiration and incisional biopsy were performed. This revealed the formation of blood vessels of various diameters lined by endothelium, forming intravascular papillae positive for CD-34. The definitive diagnosis was IPEH, and the patient was treated by embolization and surgery. Histological analysis confirmed the presence of IPEH associated with an odontogenic cyst. After 12 months of follow-up, no recurrence was observed. Also, we reviewed case reports of IPEH affecting the maxilla and mandible. Fourteen intraosseous cases were reported in the maxilla and mandible, with a preference for males and affecting a wide age range. Complete surgical excision was the treatment of choice, and recurrences were not reported. The pathogenesis of IPEH is controversial and may originate from trauma or inflammatory processes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an association of IPEH with an odontogenic cyst. The importance of IPEH in the differential diagnosis of intraosseous lesions in the jaws is emphasized, and preoperative semiotic maneuvers are needed to prevent surgical complications.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Odontogenic Cysts; Hyperplasia; Diagnosis, Differential; Maxilla; Biopsy; Treatment Outcome; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Maxillary Diseases; Embolization, Therapeutic
PubMed: 38867285
DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01505-1 -
Cureus May 2024Odontogenic fibromyxoma typically presents as painless swelling in the jaw, and clinically, it grows slowly, becoming benign and asymptomatic. It causes the cortical...
Odontogenic fibromyxoma typically presents as painless swelling in the jaw, and clinically, it grows slowly, becoming benign and asymptomatic. It causes the cortical plates to expand gradually, which leads to mobility and drifting of the teeth. Root resorption is also common. The tumor is locally aggressive in nature. It is also known to have a high recurrence rate. We present the case of a 30-year-old female patient who was diagnosed and treated for odontogenic fibromyxoma of the maxilla conservatively with enucleation. The radiograph showed a multilocular lesion, which can be confused with ameloblastoma, aneurysmal bone cyst, or odontogenic keratocyst. Hence, with proper clinical, radiographic, and histopathological examination, a correct diagnosis can be made and adequate treatment can be planned.
PubMed: 38846229
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.59763 -
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral... Mar 2024To evaluate the diagnostic capability of artificial intelligence (AI) for detecting and classifying odontogenic cysts and tumors, with special emphasis on odontogenic... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the diagnostic capability of artificial intelligence (AI) for detecting and classifying odontogenic cysts and tumors, with special emphasis on odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and ameloblastoma.
STUDY DESIGN
Nine electronic databases and the gray literature were examined. Human-based studies using AI algorithms to detect or classify odontogenic cysts and tumors by using panoramic radiographs or CBCT were included. Diagnostic tests were evaluated, and a meta-analysis was performed for classifying OKCs and ameloblastomas. Heterogeneity, risk of bias, and certainty of evidence were evaluated.
RESULTS
Twelve studies concluded that AI is a promising tool for the detection and/or classification of lesions, producing high diagnostic test values. Three articles assessed the sensitivity of convolutional neural networks in classifying similar lesions using panoramic radiographs, specifically OKC and ameloblastoma. The accuracy was 0.893 (95% CI 0.832-0.954). AI applied to cone beam computed tomography produced superior accuracy based on only 4 studies. The results revealed heterogeneity in the models used, variations in imaging examinations, and discrepancies in the presentation of metrics.
CONCLUSION
AI tools exhibited a relatively high level of accuracy in detecting and classifying OKC and ameloblastoma. Panoramic radiography appears to be an accurate method for AI-based classification of these lesions, albeit with a low level of certainty. The accuracy of CBCT model data appears to be high and promising, although with limited available data.
PubMed: 38845306
DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2024.03.004 -
La Revue Du Praticien May 2024
Topics: Humans; Ameloblastoma; Jaw Neoplasms
PubMed: 38833232
DOI: No ID Found