-
International Journal of Systematic and... Apr 2024A novel bifidobacterium (designated F753-1) was isolated from the gut of honeybee (). Strain F753-1 was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain...
A novel bifidobacterium (designated F753-1) was isolated from the gut of honeybee (). Strain F753-1 was characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain F753-1 was phylogenetically related to the type strains of , , , , and , having 98.4-99.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. The phylogenomic tree indicated that strain F753-1 was most closely related to the type strains of and . Strain F753-1 had the highest average nucleotide identity (94.1-94.5 %) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (56.3 %) values with Bin7N. Acid production from amygdalin, d-fructose, gentiobiose, d-mannose, maltose, sucrose and d-xylose, activity of -galactosidase, pyruvate utilization and hydrolysis of hippurate could differentiate strain F753-1 from CCUG 66113 and JCM 34586. Based upon the data obtained in the present study, a novel species, sp. nov., is proposed, and the type strain is F753-1 (=CCTCC AB 2023227=JCM 36562=LMG 33388).
Topics: Bees; Animals; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Phylogeny; Bifidobacterium; DNA, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Fatty Acids; Base Composition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 38661726
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006358 -
Fish Physiology and Biochemistry Apr 2024Global warming has profound effects on the living conditions and metabolism of organisms, including fish. The metabolic rate of fish increases as the temperature...
Effects of HSP inducers on the gene expression of Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs) in cells extracted from sterlet sturgeon under temperature stress with antioxidant and immunity responses.
Global warming has profound effects on the living conditions and metabolism of organisms, including fish. The metabolic rate of fish increases as the temperature increases within its thermal tolerance range. Temperature changes can trigger a range of physiological reactions, including the activation of the stress axis and the production of HSPs. Under stress conditions, HSPs play a crucial role in antioxidant systems, immune responses, and enzyme activation. This study examined the effects of heat shock products (HSPs) on fish under temperature stress. Various HSP inducers (HSPis), including Pro-Tex®, amygdalin, and novel synthetic compounds derived from pirano piranazole (SZ, MZ, HN-P1, and HN-P2), were evaluated in isolated cells of sterlet sturgeon (Acipenser ruthenus) treated with temperature changes (18, 22, and 26 °C). Cells from the liver, kidney, and gills were cultured in vitro in the presence and absence of temperature stress and treated with HSPi compounds. To assess HSP27, HSP70, and HSP90 expression patterns, Western blotting was used. The HSPis and HSPi + temperature stress treatments affected the antioxidant capacity and immune parameters, among other enzyme activities. The results showed that HSPi compounds increase cell survival in vitro, positively modulate HSP expression and antioxidant levels, and decrease immune parameters. HSPi can increase A. ruthenus tolerance to temperature stress. In addition, the results indicate that these compounds can reverse adverse temperature effects. Further research is needed to determine how these ecological factors affect fish species' health in vivo and in combination with other stressors.
PubMed: 38658492
DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01347-0 -
Archives of Microbiology Apr 2024A novel Lysinibacillus strain, designated KH24, was isolated from the gut of Siganus fuscescens, a herbivorous fish, which was captured off the coast of Okinawa, Japan....
A novel Lysinibacillus strain, designated KH24, was isolated from the gut of Siganus fuscescens, a herbivorous fish, which was captured off the coast of Okinawa, Japan. Strain KH24 is a rod-shaped, Gram-stain-positive, spore-forming, and motile bacterium that forms off-white colonies. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KH24 showed the highest similarity (97.4%) with Lysinibacillus pakistanensis JCM 18776 and L. irui IRB4-01. Genomic similarities between strain KH24 and Lysinibacillus type strains, based on average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization (genome-to-genome distance calculation), and average amino acid identity were 70.4-77.7%, 17.1-24.4%, and 69.2-81.2%, respectively, which were lower than species delineation thresholds. Strain KH24 growth occurred at pH values of 5.5-8.5, temperatures of 20-40 °C, and NaCl concentrations of 0-4.0%, and optimally at pH 7.0, 30 °C, and 0%, respectively. Unlike related Lysinibacillus type strains, strain KH24 could assimilate D-glucose, D-fructose, N-acetyl-glucosamine, amygdalin, arbutin, esculin, ferric citrate, salicin, D-cellobiose, D-maltose, D-sucrose, and gentiobiose. Major fatty acids included iso-C (45.8%), anteiso-C (15.1%), iso-C (12.6%), and anteiso-C (10.9%). Menaquinone-7 was the predominant quinone, and the major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and lysophosphatidylethanolamine. Based on its genetic and phenotypic properties, strain KH24 represents a novel species of the genus Lysinibacillus, for which the name Lysinibacillus piscis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KH24 (= JCM 36611 = KCTC 43676).
Topics: Animals; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Acetylglucosamine; Amino Acids; Amygdalin; DNA
PubMed: 38643446
DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03937-1 -
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and... Apr 2024Insect trehalases have been identified as promising new targets for pest control. These key enzymes are involved in trehalose hydrolysis and plays an important role in...
Insect trehalases have been identified as promising new targets for pest control. These key enzymes are involved in trehalose hydrolysis and plays an important role in insect growth and development. In this contribution, plant and microbial compounds, namely validamycin A, amygdalin, and phloridzin, were evaluated for their effect, through trehalase inhibition, on Acyrthosiphon pisum aphid. The latter is part of the Aphididae family, main pests as phytovirus vectors and being very harmful for crops. Validamycin A was confirmed as an excellent trehalase inhibitor with an half maximal inhibitory concentration and inhibitor constant of 2.2 × 10 and 5 × 10M, respectively, with a mortality rate of ~80% on a A. pisum population. Unlike validamycin A, the insect lethal efficacy of amygdalin and phloridzin did not correspond to their trehalase inhibition, probably due to their hydrolysis by insect β-glucosidases. Our docking studies showed that none of the three compounds can bind to the trehalase active site, unlike their hydrolyzed counterparts, that is, validoxylamine A, phloretin, and prunasin. Validoxylamine A would be by far the best trehalase binder, followed by phloretin and prunasin.
Topics: Animals; Amygdalin; Aphids; Inositol; Nitriles; Phloretin; Phlorhizin; Trehalase
PubMed: 38605672
DOI: 10.1002/arch.22112 -
Fitoterapia Jun 2024Pruni Semen, the dried ripe seed of Prunus humilis, P. japonica, or P. pedunculata as recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, has been widely used in pharmaceutical and...
Distinguishing features of Prunus humilis, P. japonica, P. pedunculata seeds and their adulterant based on DNA barcoding, morphological characterization, and chemical profiles.
Pruni Semen, the dried ripe seed of Prunus humilis, P. japonica, or P. pedunculata as recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, has been widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries. The adulteration of the marketed product with morphologically similar plants of the same genus has led to variable product quality and clinical effectiveness. This study systematically investigated the phylogenetic relationships, morphological traits, and chemical profiles of 37 Pruni Semen samples from planting bases, markets, and fields. DNA barcoding could successfully distinguish the genuine and counterfeit Pruni Semen, and the results indicated that there was almost no authentic Pruni Semen available in the market. The samples were divided into "big seed" (P. pedunculata and P. salicina seeds) and "small seed" (P. humilis, P. japonica, P. tomentosa, and P. avium seeds) categories based on morphology results. The notable discrepancy in the chemical characteristics of "big seed" and "small seed" was that "small seeds" were rich in flavonoids and low in amygdalin, whereas "big seeds" were the opposite. Furthermore, principal component analysis and clustered heatmap analysis verified the distinguishing features of "big seed" and "small seed" based on morphological and chemical characteristics. This study suggested that a combination of DNA barcoding and morphological and chemical characteristics can aid in the identification and quality evaluation of authentic and adulterated Pruni Semen. These findings may help standardize Pruni Semen available in the market and protect the rights and interests of customers.
Topics: Seeds; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; Prunus; Phylogeny; Amygdalin; Flavonoids; Drug Contamination; China; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38575088
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105942 -
Discover Nano Apr 2024In recent years, the development of antitumor drugs has been dedicated to natural products. Amygdalin is a natural herbal cyanoglycoside that has anticarcinogenic effect...
In recent years, the development of antitumor drugs has been dedicated to natural products. Amygdalin is a natural herbal cyanoglycoside that has anticarcinogenic effect on many types of cancers once hydrogen cyanide (HCN) is released. The main objective of the present study is to synthesize and investigate the potential of carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles (CMC NPs) as drug delivery agents for amygdalin encapsulation and its delivery to cancer and normal cell lines. In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated with amygdalin (CMC-Am NPs) were prepared and characterized through their particle size, surface charge, chemical structure and dielectric properties. Also, the invitro drug release of amygdalin from CMC NPs was studied. Additionally, the cytotoxcity of the amygdalin and CMC-loaded amygdalin NPs were evaluated through MTT assay. The results showed that the prepared CMC-loaded amygdalin NPs exhibited a small particle size of 129 nm, high zeta potential value of - 43 mV and confirmed the amygdalin stability and compatibility with CMC NPs. Furthermore, the CMC NPs demonstrated sustained release of amygdalin during 24 h. Moreover, compared to free amygdalin, amygdalin-loaded CMC NPs have significant anti-cancerous effect on human colon HCT-116 and breast MCF-7 cancer cell lines while being safe on normal cells BJ1. In conclusion, CMC NPs can be employed as an efficient drug delivery vehicle for controlled and sustained amygdalin release with enhanced cytotoxicity on malignant cells without harming normal cells.
PubMed: 38573410
DOI: 10.1186/s11671-024-03998-7 -
Toxicology Research Apr 2024Millions of individuals have used illicit anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), but the long-term cardiovascular associations of these drugs remain incompletely...
Millions of individuals have used illicit anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), but the long-term cardiovascular associations of these drugs remain incompletely understood. Boldjan is AAS medication which is used in veterinary medicine and by young adults aiming to have a better appearance improving their self-esteem. Therefore; the objective of the current investigation was to examine any potential preventative effects of amygdalin extract against anabolic steroid Boldjan induced cardic toxicity, injury and oxidative stress in male rat. Forty adult male Wistar rats were classified into five groups (Gp1, Control Gp; Gp2, Amygdalin Gp in which rats treated with amygdalin (100 mg/kg body weight/day) daily for 2 weeks; Gp3, Gp in which rats treated with (10 mg/Kg BW/week) for 4 weeks; Gp4, + Amygdalin). induced a significant rises in serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and creatine kinase MB (CK MB), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very-low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C), cardiac injury, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and a significant depletion in serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), cardiac reduced glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Cat) activities as compared to control Gp. In contrast, Amygdalin significantly reversed the induced cardiac toxicity in post treated rats Gp ( + Amygdalin). Amygdalin could be an efficient preventive supplement for mitigating induced cardiac toxicity, possibly via controlling oxidative stress events.
PubMed: 38529199
DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae042 -
Cells Mar 2024Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a cluster of intractable gastrointestinal disorders with an undetermined etiology and a lack of effective therapeutic agents....
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to a cluster of intractable gastrointestinal disorders with an undetermined etiology and a lack of effective therapeutic agents. Amygdalin (Amy) is a glycoside extracted from the seeds of apricot and other plants and it exhibits a wide range of pharmacological properties. Here, the effects and mechanisms of Amy on colitis were examined via 16S rRNA sequencing, ELISA, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. The results showed that Amy administration remarkably attenuated the signs of colitis (reduced body weight, increased disease activity index, and shortened colon length) and histopathological damage in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-challenged mice. Further studies revealed that Amy administration significantly diminished DSS-triggered gut barrier dysfunction by lowering pro-inflammatory mediator levels, inhibiting oxidative stress, and reducing intestinal epithelial apoptosis and ferroptosis. Notably, Amy administration remarkably lowered DSS-triggered TLR4 expression and the phosphorylation of proteins related to the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. Furthermore, Amy administration modulated the balance of intestinal flora, including a selective rise in the abundance of and a decline in the abundance of , , , , and . In conclusion, Amy can alleviate colitis, which provides data to support the utility of Amy in combating IBD.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Amygdalin; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Colitis; Cell Death; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Dextran Sulfate
PubMed: 38474407
DOI: 10.3390/cells13050444 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... May 2024This study aimed to perform a rapid in situ assessment of the quality of peach kernels using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which included identifications of...
This study aimed to perform a rapid in situ assessment of the quality of peach kernels using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy, which included identifications of authenticity, species, and origins, and amygdalin quantitation. The in situ samples without any pretreatment were scanned by a portable MicroNIR spectrometer, while their powder samples were scanned by a benchtop Fourier transform NIR (FT-NIR) spectrometer. To improve the performance of the in situ determination model of the portable NIR spectrometer, the two spectrometers were first compared in identification and content models of peach kernels for both in situ and powder samples. Then, the in situ sample spectra were transferred by using the improved principal component analysis (IPCA) method to enhance the performance of the in situ model. After model transfer, the prediction performance of the in situ sample model was significantly improved, as shown by the correlation coefficient in the prediction set (Rp), root means square error of prediction (RMSEP), and residual prediction deviation (RPD) of the in situ model reached 0.9533, 0.0911, and 3.23, respectively, and correlation coefficient in the test set (Rt) and root means square error of test (RMSET) reached 0.9701 and 0.1619, respectively, suggesting that model transfer could be a viable solution to improve the model performance of portable spectrometers.
Topics: Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Prunus persica; Powders; Calibration; Principal Component Analysis; Least-Squares Analysis
PubMed: 38447442
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124108 -
Journal of Agricultural and Food... Mar 2024Food-fermenting lactobacilli convert glycosylated phytochemicals to glycosyl hydrolases and thereby alter their biological activity. This study aimed to investigate the...
Food-fermenting lactobacilli convert glycosylated phytochemicals to glycosyl hydrolases and thereby alter their biological activity. This study aimed to investigate the microbial transformation of β-glucosides of phytochemicals in comparison with utilization of cellobiose. Four homofermentative and four heterofermentative lactobacilli were selected to represent the metabolic diversity of . The genomes of , , , and encoded for 8 to 22 enzymes, predominantly phospho-β-glucosidases, with predicted activity on β-glucosides. and encoded for 3 β-glucosidases, for one, and for none. The hydrolysis of amygdalin, esculin, salicin, glucosides of quercetin and genistein, and ginsenosides demonstrated that several strains hydrolyzed β-glucosides of phytochemicals but not cellobiose. Taken together, several of the carbohydrate-active enzymes of food-fermenting lactobacilli are specific for glycosides of phytochemicals.
Topics: Cellulases; Disaccharides; Glucosides; Lactobacillaceae; Cellobiose; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 38415591
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08535