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Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England... Jun 2024In this study, 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis-[(-methyl-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) iodide (ZnPc-2) was synthesized and characterized using...
In this study, 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis-[(-methyl-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)phthalocyaninato]zinc(II) iodide (ZnPc-2) was synthesized and characterized using spectral methods (FT-IR, H-NMR, UV-Vis and mass spectroscopy). The interaction of ZnPc-2 with DNA was investigated by using the UV/Vis titrimetric method, thermal denaturation profile, agarose gel electrophoresis and molecular docking studies. Additionally, the antidiabetic activity of ZnPc-2 was revealed spectroscopically by studying α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activities. The spectroscopic results indicated that ZnPc-2 effectively binds to calf thymus-DNA (CT-DNA) with a value of 7.5 × 10 M and interacts with CT-DNA noncovalent binding mode. Gel electrophoresis results also show that ZnPc-2 binds strongly to DNA molecules and exhibits effective nuclease activity even at low concentrations. Furthermore, docking studies suggest that ZnPc-2 exhibits a stronger binding tendency with DNA than the control compounds ethidium bromide and cisplatin. Consequently, due to its strong DNA binding and nuclease activity, ZnPc-2 may be suitable for antimicrobial and anticancer applications after further toxicological tests. Additionally, antidiabetic studies showed that ZnPc-2 had both α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition activity. Moreover, the α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of ZnPc-2 was approximately 3500 times higher than that of the standard inhibitor, acarbose. Considering these results, it can be said that ZnPc-2 is a moderate α-amylase and a highly effective α-glucosidase inhibitor. This suggests that ZnPc-2 may have the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
PubMed: 38919040
DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01138d -
Medicinal Chemistry (Shariqah (United... Jun 2024The most common heterocyclic aromatic molecule with potential uses in industry and medicine is quinoline. Its chemical formula is C9H7N, and it has a distinctive...
The most common heterocyclic aromatic molecule with potential uses in industry and medicine is quinoline. Its chemical formula is C9H7N, and it has a distinctive double-ring structure with a pyridine moiety fused with a benzene ring. Various synthetic approaches synthesize quinoline derivatives. These approaches include solvent-free synthetic approach, mechanochemistry, ultrasonic, photolytic synthetic approach, and microwave and catalytic synthetic approaches. One of the important synthetic approaches is a catalyst-based synthetic approach in which different catalysts are used such as silver-based catalysts, titanium-based nanoparticle catalysts, new iridium catalysts, barium-based catalysts, iron-based catalysts, gold-based catalysts, nickel-based catalyst, some metal-based photocatalyst, α-amylase biocatalyst, by using multifunctional metal-organic framework-metal nanoparticle tandem catalyst etc. In the present study, we summarized different catalyst-promoted reactions that have been reported for the synthesis of quinoline. Hopefully, the study will be helpful for the researchers.
PubMed: 38918990
DOI: 10.2174/0115734064315729240610045009 -
Biotechnology Letters Jun 2024In order to investigate the impact of L-cysteine (L-Cys) on starch and protein degradation during barley germination. The amylase activities, degradation of...
OBJECTIVES
In order to investigate the impact of L-cysteine (L-Cys) on starch and protein degradation during barley germination. The amylase activities, degradation of macromolecules during germination were determined in this study.
METHODS
Barley was germinated in petri dish for 0 to 5 days with different levels of L-Cys (0 mM, 2.5 mM, 5 mM, 10 mM).
RESULTS
L-Cys addition increased the total limit dextrinase (LD) activities and decreased the LD inhibitor activities during whole germination stage. The activities of α-amylase, β-amylase and free LD were increased with the addition of 2.5, 5 mM L-Cys at germination days 1 to 4. Due to higher amylase in malt with the addition of L-Cys, the non-fermentable sugars were reduced and the glucose, maltotriose were improved. Furthermore, the protein degradation analysis showed that low molecular weight protein increased and middle molecular weight protein decreased obviously in wort from the malt germinated with L-Cys, demonstrating that the L-Cys promote the protein degradation. Lastly, the filtration performance of malt with the addition of L-Cys during malting was better than the control.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, L-Cys can promote the degradation of storage material (starch, protein) during barley germination, leading to a better green malt quality.
PubMed: 38916822
DOI: 10.1007/s10529-024-03508-w -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Fish intestinal health under intensive aquaculture mode plays an important role in growth, development, and immune function. The present study was aimed to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Fish intestinal health under intensive aquaculture mode plays an important role in growth, development, and immune function. The present study was aimed to systematically investigate the differences of intestinal health between wild and cultured by biochemical parameters, histomorphology, and molecular biology. A total of 15 healthy per group, with an average body weight of 45 g, were sampled to analyze intestinal health parameters. Compared with wild fish, the cultured in the foregut had lower trypsin, lipase, SOD, CAT, T-AOC, and GSH-Px activities ( < 0.05) and higher amylase activity and MDA content ( < 0.05). The villus circumference and goblet cells in the cultured group were significantly lower than those in the wild group ( < 0.05). In addition, the cultured fish showed lower relative expression levels of , , , , , , , , , , , , and ( < 0.05) and higher , , , , and mRNA expressions than those of wild fish ( < 0.05). In terms of gut microbiota, the cultured group at the phylum level displayed higher percentages of and and lower percentages of , , , , and compared to the wild group ( < 0.05). At the genus level, higher abundances of and and lower abundances of and were observed in the cultured group than in the wild group ( < 0.05). To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of the intestinal health status between wild and cultured in terms of biochemistry, histology, and molecular biology levels. Overall, the present study showed significant differences in intestinal health between wild and cultured and the main manifestations that wild had higher intestinal digestion, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal barrier functions than cultured These results would provide theoretical basis for the subsequent upgrading of healthy aquaculture technology and nutrient regulation of intestinal health of cultured
Topics: Animals; Aquaculture; Intestines; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Smegmamorpha; Intestinal Mucosa; Cytokines; Animals, Wild
PubMed: 38915412
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411544 -
Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024As an environmentally friendly alternative to antibiotics, bee venom holds promise for aquaculture due to its diverse health advantages, including immune-amplifying and...
As an environmentally friendly alternative to antibiotics, bee venom holds promise for aquaculture due to its diverse health advantages, including immune-amplifying and anti-inflammatory features. This study investigated the effects of dietary bee venom (BV) on the growth and physiological performance of Thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) with an initial body weight of 40.04 ± 0.11 g for 60 days. Fish were distributed to five dietary treatments (0, 2, 4, 6, and 8 mg BV/kg diet) with three replicates. Growth traits, gut enzyme ability (lipase, protease, amylase), intestinal and liver histology, blood biochemistry, immune responses [lysozyme activity (LYZ), bactericidal activity (BA), nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT%)], and antioxidant status [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), malondialdehyde (MDA)] were evaluated. BV supplementation significantly improved growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, histological integrity of organs, immune responses (LYZ, BA), and antioxidant status (SOD, CAT, GPx), while declining MDA levels. Optimal BV levels were identified between 4.2-5.8 mg/kg diet for different parameters. Overall, the findings suggest that BV supplementation can enhance growth and physiological performance in Thinlip mullet, highlighting its potential as a beneficial dietary supplement for fish health and aquaculture management.
PubMed: 38914180
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109713 -
Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and... Dec 2024Inhibition of α-glucosidase and -amylase are key tactics for managing blood glucose levels. Currently, stronger, and more accessible inhibitors are needed to treat...
Inhibition of α-glucosidase and -amylase are key tactics for managing blood glucose levels. Currently, stronger, and more accessible inhibitors are needed to treat diabetes. Indeno[1,2-] quinoxalines-carrying thiazole hybrids were created and described using NMR. All analogues were tested for hypoglycaemic effect against STZ-induced diabetes in mice. Compounds , , , and were the most potent among the synthesised analogues. These hybrids were examined for their effects on plasma insulin, urea, creatinine, GSH, MDA, ALT, AST, and total cholesterol. Moreover, these compounds were tested against -glucosidase and -amylase enzymes . The four hybrids , , , and represented moderate to potent activity with IC values 0.982 ± 0.04, to 10.19 ± 0.21 for -glucosidase inhibition and 17.58 ± 0.74 to 121.6 ± 5.14 μM for -amylase inhibition when compared to the standard medication acarbose with IC=0.316 ± 0.02 μM for -glucosidase inhibition and 31.56 ± 1.33 μM for -amylase inhibition. Docking studies as well as ADMT were done.
Topics: Quinoxalines; alpha-Amylases; alpha-Glucosidases; Molecular Docking Simulation; Hypoglycemic Agents; Animals; Mice; Structure-Activity Relationship; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Molecular Structure; Thiazoles; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Streptozocin; Halogenation; Male; Enzyme Inhibitors
PubMed: 38913598
DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2367128 -
Gut Microbes 2024Resistant starch (RS) consumption can have beneficial effects on metabolic health, but the response, in terms of effects on the gut microbiota and host physiology,...
Resistant starch (RS) consumption can have beneficial effects on metabolic health, but the response, in terms of effects on the gut microbiota and host physiology, varies between individuals. Factors predicting the response to RS are not yet established and would be useful for developing precision nutrition approaches that maximize the benefits of dietary fiber intake. We sought to identify predictors of gut microbiota response to RS supplementation. We enrolled 76 healthy adults into a 7-week crossover study with 59 individuals completing the study. Participants consumed RS type 2 (RS2), RS type 4 (RS4), and digestible starch, for 10 d each with 5-d washout periods in between. We collected fecal and saliva samples and food records during each treatment period. We performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing and measured fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), salivary amylase () gene copy number, and salivary amylase activity (SAA). Dietary fiber intake was predictive of the relative abundance of several amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) at the end of both RS treatments. -related metrics were not predictive of response to RS. SAA was only predictive of the relative abundance of one ASV after digestible starch supplementation. Interestingly, SCFA concentrations increased the most during digestible starch supplementation. Treatment order (the order of consumption of RS2 and RS4), alpha diversity, and a subset of ASVs were predictive of SCFA changes after RS supplementation. Based on our findings, dietary fiber intake and gut microbiome composition would be informative if assessed prior to recommending RS supplementation because these data can be used to predict changes in specific ASVs and fecal SCFA concentrations. These findings lay a foundation to support the premise that using a precision nutrition approach to optimize the benefits of dietary fibers such as RS could be an effective strategy to compensate for the low consumption of dietary fiber nationwide.
Topics: Humans; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Female; Feces; Adult; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Starch; Cross-Over Studies; Saliva; Dietary Supplements; Bacteria; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Resistant Starch
PubMed: 38913541
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2367301 -
The American Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2024Aggressive hydration using lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) prevents post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). Concerns of this...
OBJECTIVES
Aggressive hydration using lactated Ringer's solution (LRS) prevents post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) pancreatitis (PEP). Concerns of this strategy are large volume and lengthy hydration. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of tailored aggressive hydration (TAH) for PEP prevention.
METHODS
In this prospective, multicenter, double-blinded, randomized trial conducted across three tertiary Korean hospitals, patients who underwent ERCP for the first-time were randomly assigned (1:1) to tailored standard hydration (TSH) and TAH groups. The TSH group received 1.5 mL/kg/h LRS during and after ERCP, whereas the TAH group was administered a 20 mL/kg bolus post-ERCP and 3 mL/kg/h during and after the procedure. Both groups were assessed for elevated serum amylase levels and pain 4-6 h after ERCP. If both were absent, hydration was discontinued. If either was present, hydration was continued at the original rate until 8 h. The primary endpoint was PEP development and was analyzed on an intention-to-treat analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 344 patients were randomly assigned to treatment groups (171 to the TSH group and 172 to the TAH group). PEP was observed in 9.4% (16/171) in the TSH group and 3.5% (6/172) in the TAH group (relative risk 0.37, 95% confidence interval 0.15-0.93, p = 0.03). No difference was identified between the two groups in terms of PEP severity (p = 0.80) and complications related to volume overload (p = 0.32).
CONCLUSIONS
TAH according to the presence of abdominal pain or elevated serum amylase levels at 4-6 h after ERCP is safe and prevents PEP development.
PubMed: 38912692
DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000002903 -
Iranian Journal of Basic Medical... 2024Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an abrupt inflammatory condition characterized by a storm of inflammatory cytokines leading to high morbidity and mortality. The current study...
OBJECTIVES
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is an abrupt inflammatory condition characterized by a storm of inflammatory cytokines leading to high morbidity and mortality. The current study aimed to examine the efficacy of extract EGb 761 (GBE) in the treatment of L-arginine-induced AP and its associated lung injury.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Forty rats were randomly assigned into four groups. The normal group received only saline intraperitoneally while the other groups received two intraperitoneal L-arginine injections (250 mg/100 g b.wt) separated by a 1-hour interval to provoke AP. GBE (200 and 400 mg/kg/day, PO) was administered for 2 weeks post-induction of pancreatitis. Sera and pancreatic tissues were isolated.
RESULTS
The outcome of the present study revealed that GBE ameliorated the elevated levels of serum amylase, lipase, and pancreatic inflammatory mediators viz., tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), mitogen-activated protein kinase P38 (MAPK-P38), c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB). Moreover, GBE restored the pancreatic gene expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and prostatic acid phosphatase-2 (PAP-2). Pancreatic and lung histopathological examinations confirmed the aforementioned parameters.
CONCLUSION
GBE interfered with the mechanistic pathway of L-arginine-induced acute pancreatic and its associated lung injury. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, GBE can be used as a novel therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AP through down-regulating TLR-4/MAPK-p38/JNK and MAPK- p38/NF-κB signaling cascades.
PubMed: 38911245
DOI: 10.22038/IJBMS.2024.76162.16480 -
Plant Direct Jun 2024The coordination of assimilation pathways for all the elements that make up cellular components is a vital task for every organism. Integrating the assimilation and use...
The coordination of assimilation pathways for all the elements that make up cellular components is a vital task for every organism. Integrating the assimilation and use of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) is of particular importance because of the high cellular abundance of these elements. Starch is one of the most important storage polymers of photosynthetic organisms, and a complex regulatory network ensures that biosynthesis and degradation of starch are coordinated with photosynthetic activity and growth. Here, we analyzed three starch metabolism enzymes of that we captured by a cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) affinity chromatography approach, namely, soluble starch synthase STA3, starch-branching enzyme SBE1, and α-amylase AMA2. While none of the recombinant enzymes was directly affected by the presence of cGMP or other nucleotides, suggesting an indirect binding to cGMP, AMA2 activity was stimulated in the presence of L-glutamine (Gln). This activating effect required the enzyme's N-terminal aspartate kinase-chorismate mutase-tyrA domain. Gln is the first N assimilation product and not only a central compound for the biosynthesis of N-containing molecules but also a recognized signaling molecule for the N status. Our observation suggests that AMA2 might be a means to coordinate N and C metabolism at the enzymatic level, increasing the liberation of C skeletons from starch when high Gln levels signal an abundance of assimilated N.
PubMed: 38911017
DOI: 10.1002/pld3.609