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Fish & Shellfish Immunology Jun 2024This study was conducted to investigate whether optimal vitamin C (VC) levels can enhance non-specific immune response and antioxidant capacity and reduce mortality of...
This study was conducted to investigate whether optimal vitamin C (VC) levels can enhance non-specific immune response and antioxidant capacity and reduce mortality of Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) post-larvae when infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Six experimental diets were formulated to contain six different VC levels of 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 320 mg/kg diet (designated as C0, C40, C80, C120, C160 and C320, respectively). Shrimp post-larvae (39.1 ± 0.47 mg) were randomly distributed to 24 tanks with 40 shrimp per tank. Four replicate groups of shrimp were fed one of the diets for 43 days. VC supplemented groups showed significantly higher growth performance than C0 group. Shrimp fed C120 diet had significantly improved feed utilization efficiency than shrimp fed C0 diet. VC concentrations in hepatopancreas and gills were significantly higher with the increase in dietary VC levels. Optimal dietary VC levels significantly upregulated the expressions of growth and digestive enzyme-related genes such as IGF-1, IGF-BP, amylase, trypsin and chymotrypsin, and also upregulated the expressions of innate immunity and antioxidant-related genes such as prophenoloxidase, crustin, penaiedin-3a, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in hepatopancreas. Shrimp fed C80, C120 and C160 diets showed significantly increased resistance to V. parahaemolyticus than shrimp fed C0 diet. The optimum dietary VC level for the shrimp post-larvae was established to be 80.2 mg/kg diet by a broken-line regression analysis based on the growth. The findings from the challenge test indicated that VC levels over 83.0 mg/kg diet could enhance disease resistance of the shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus.
PubMed: 38936519
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109723 -
Food Chemistry: X Oct 2024Most phenolic compounds in beans exist in complex, insoluble binding forms that bind to cell wall components ether, ester, or glucoside bonds. In the process of...
Most phenolic compounds in beans exist in complex, insoluble binding forms that bind to cell wall components ether, ester, or glucoside bonds. In the process of solid-state fermentation, can produce many hydrolase enzymes, such as α-amylase, pectinase, cellulase and β-glucosidase, which can effectively hydrolyze ether, ester or glucoside bond, release bound polyphenols, and increase polyphenol content in soybeans. When the fermentation conditions of soybean were fermentation time 12 days, inoculation amount 15% and initial pH 2, the content of free polyphenols in fermented soybean was 2.79 mg GAE/g d.w, which was 4.98 times that of unfermented soybean. The contents of bound polyphenols and total phenols in fermented soybean were 0.62 mg GAE/g d.w and 3.41 mg GAE/g d.w, respectively, which were 2.38 times and 4.16 times of those in unfermented soybean. At the same time, the inhibitory effect of free polyphenols in fermented soybean on acetylcholinesterase reached 91.51%. Thus, our results demonstrated that solid state fermentation and can be used as an effective way to increase soybean polyphenol content and combat Alzheimer's disease.
PubMed: 38933989
DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101526 -
Polymers Jun 2024Polysaccharides (AOPs) were extracted from fructus using three distinct methods: hot water (AOP-HW), hydrochloric acid (AOP-AC), and NaOH/NaBH4 (AOP-AL). This study...
Polysaccharides (AOPs) were extracted from fructus using three distinct methods: hot water (AOP-HW), hydrochloric acid (AOP-AC), and NaOH/NaBH4 (AOP-AL). This study systematically investigated and compared the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, antioxidant activities, and α-amylase inhibitory activities of the extracted polysaccharides. Among the three AOPs, AOP-AC exhibited the highest yield (13.76%) and neutral sugar content (80.57%), but had the lowest molecular weight (121.28 kDa). Conversely, AOP-HW had the lowest yield (4.54%) but the highest molecular weight (385.42 kDa). AOP-AL was predominantly composed of arabinose (28.42 mol%), galacturonic acid (17.61 mol%), and galactose (17.09 mol%), while glucose was the major sugar in both AOP-HW (52.31 mol%) and AOP-AC (94.77 mol%). Functionally, AOP-AL demonstrated superior scavenging activities against DPPH, hydroxyl, and ABTS radicals, whereas AOP-AC exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on α-amylase. These findings indicate that the extraction solvent significantly influences the physicochemical and biological properties of AOPs, thus guiding the selection of appropriate extraction methods for specific applications. The results of this study have broad implications for industries seeking natural polysaccharides with antioxidant and enzymatic inhibitory properties.
PubMed: 38932054
DOI: 10.3390/polym16121705 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Bee-collected pollen (BCP) and bee bread (BB) are honey bee products known for their beneficial biological properties. The main goal of this study was to investigate BB...
Bee-collected pollen (BCP) and bee bread (BB) are honey bee products known for their beneficial biological properties. The main goal of this study was to investigate BB microbiota and its contribution to bioactivity exerted by BB. The microbiota of BB samples collected at different maturation stages was investigated via culture-independent (Next Generation Sequencing, NGS) and culture-dependent methods. Microbial communities dynamically fluctuate during BB maturation, ending in a stable microbial community structure in mature BB. Bee bread bacterial isolates were tested for phenotypes and genes implicated in the production and secretion of enzymes as well as antibacterial activity. Out of 309 bacterial isolates, 41 secreted hemicellulases, 13 cellulases, 39 amylases, 132 proteinases, 85 Coomassie brilliant blue G or R dye-degrading enzymes and 72 Malachite Green dye-degrading enzymes. Furthermore, out of 309 bacterial isolates, 42 exhibited antibacterial activity against , 34 against , 47 against ser. Typhimurium and 43 against . Artificially fermented samples exerted higher antibacterial activity compared to fresh BCP, strongly indicating that BB microbiota contribute to BB antibacterial activity. Our findings suggest that BB microbiota is an underexplored source of novel antimicrobial agents and enzymes that could lead to new applications in medicine and the food industry.
PubMed: 38931428
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060761 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024Diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder, demands the discovery of multi-targeting drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the multi-targeting...
Diabetes, a multifactorial metabolic disorder, demands the discovery of multi-targeting drugs with minimal side effects. This study investigated the multi-targeting antidiabetic potential of quercetin and kaempferol. The druggability and binding affinities of both compounds towards multiple antidiabetic targets were explored using pharmacokinetic and docking software (AutoDock Vina 1.1.2). Our findings showed that quercetin and kaempferol obey Lipinski's rule of five and exhibit desirable ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism excretion, and toxicity) profiles. Both compounds showed higher binding affinities towards C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1 (IL-1), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-IV), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG), protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), and sodium-glucose co-transporter-1 (SGLT-1) compared to metformin (the positive control). Both quercetin and kaempferol inhibited α-amylase activity (in vitro) up to 20.30 ± 0.49 and 37.43 ± 0.42%, respectively. Their oral supplementation significantly reduced blood glucose levels ( < 0.001), improved lipid profile ( < 0.001), and enhanced total antioxidant status ( < 0.01) in streptozotocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA)-induced diabetic mice. Additionally, both compounds significantly inhibited the proliferation of Huh-7 and HepG2 (cancer cells) ( < 0.0001) with no effect on the viability of Vero cell line (non-cancer). In conclusion, quercetin and kaempferol demonstrated higher binding affinities towards multiple targets than metformin. In vitro and in vivo antidiabetic potential along with the anticancer activities of both compounds suggest promise for further development in diabetes management. The combination of both drugs did not show a synergistic effect, possibly due to their same target on the receptors.
PubMed: 38931424
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060757 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder that poses significant health and economic challenges across the globe. Polysaccharides, found abundantly in...
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous metabolic disorder that poses significant health and economic challenges across the globe. Polysaccharides, found abundantly in edible plants, hold promise for managing diabetes by reducing blood glucose levels (BGL) and insulin resistance. However, most of these polysaccharides cannot be digested or absorbed directly by the human body. Here we report the production of antidiabetic oligosaccharides from cress seed mucilage polysaccharides using yeast fermentation. The water-soluble polysaccharides extracted from cress seed mucilage were precipitated using 75% ethanol and fermented with for different time intervals. The digested saccharides were fractionated through gel permeation chromatography using a Bio Gel P-10 column. Structural analysis of the oligosaccharide fractions revealed the presence of galacturonic acid, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, glucose and arabinose. Oligosaccharide fractions exhibited the potential to inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. The fraction DF73 exhibited strong inhibitory activity against α-amylase with IC values of 38.2 ± 1.12 µg/mL, compared to the positive control, acarbose, having an IC value of 29.18 ± 1.76 µg/mL. Similarly, DF72 and DF73 showed the highest inhibition of α-glucosidase, with IC values of 9.26 ± 2.68 and 50.47 ± 5.18 µg/mL, respectively. In in vivo assays in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, these oligosaccharides significantly reduced BGL and improved lipid profiles compared to the reference drug metformin. Histopathological observations of mouse livers indicated the cytoprotective effects of these sugars. Taken together, our results suggest that oligosaccharides produced through microbial digestion of polysaccharides extracted from cress seed mucilage have the potential to reduce blood glucose levels, possibly through inhibition of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and regulation of the various signaling pathways.
PubMed: 38931372
DOI: 10.3390/ph17060704 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024The leaves of industrial hemp, which have long been considered as a waste product, have been proven to contain numerous compounds that possess potential biological...
The leaves of industrial hemp, which have long been considered as a waste product, have been proven to contain numerous compounds that possess potential biological activity. One of the most interesting groups of compounds present are polyphenolic compounds, which, due to their specific structure, have a pronounced antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential. This study aimed to detect biological activity, including antioxidant and antihyperglycemic potential, of water and water-alcoholic extracts of five commercially available hemp teas, followed by phytochemical profiling. Hemp aqueous and ethanolic extracts demonstrate potent antioxidant properties. Ethanol extracts are better scavengers of DPPH• and OH•, while aqueous extracts neutralize NO• better. Both types of extracts exhibit antioxidant potential in the catalase test and moderate XOD inhibition. Furthermore, aqueous extracts are potent α-amylase inhibitors, while ethanolic extracts demonstrate stronger anti-α-glucosidase activity, suggesting therapeutic potential for chronic diseases like insulin resistance or diabetes. Further detailed chemical characterization and in vivo studies are needed to validate these findings.
PubMed: 38931062
DOI: 10.3390/plants13121630 -
Microorganisms May 2024Species belonging to the genus produce many advantageous extracellular enzymes that have tremendous applications on a commercial scale for the textile, detergent, feed,...
Species belonging to the genus produce many advantageous extracellular enzymes that have tremendous applications on a commercial scale for the textile, detergent, feed, food, and beverage industries. This study aimed to isolate potent thermo-tolerant amylolytic and cellulolytic bacterium from the local environment. Using the Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology, we further optimized the amylase and cellulase activity. The isolate was identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as QY4. This study utilized potato peel waste (PPW) as the biomaterial, which is excessively being dumped in an open environment. Nutritional status of the dried PPW was determined by proximate analysis. All experimental runs were carried out in 250 mL Erlenmeyer flasks containing acid treated PPW as a substrate by the thermos-tolerant QY4 incubated at 37 °C for 72 h of submerged fermentation. Results revealed that the dilute HSO assisted autoclaved treatment favored more amylase production (0.601 IU/mL/min) compared to the acid treatment whereas high cellulase production (1.269 IU/mL/min) was observed in the dilute acid treatment and was found to be very effective compared to the acid assisted autoclaved treatment. The -value, F-value, and coefficient of determination proved the significance of the model. These results suggest that PPW could be sustainably used to produce enzymes, which offer tremendous applications in various industrial arrays, particularly in biofuel production.
PubMed: 38930488
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061106 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2024To investigate the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes, liver antioxidant enzymes, immunological enzymes, and glucometabolic enzymes in largemouth bass () under...
To investigate the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes, liver antioxidant enzymes, immunological enzymes, and glucometabolic enzymes in largemouth bass () under the biofloc model, an experiment was conducted in 300-liter glass tanks. The experiment comprised a control group, which was fed a basal diet, and a biofloc group, where glucose was added to maintain a C/N ratio of 15. Each group had three parallel setups, with a stocking density of 20 fish per tank. The experiment ran for 60 days, employing a zero-water exchange aquaculture model. The results showed that at the end of the culture period, there were no significant differences between the initial weight, final weight, WGR, SGR, and SR of the biofloc group and the control group of largemouth bass ( > 0.05), whereas the lower FCR and the higher PER in the biofloc group were significant ( < 0.05); intestinal α-amylase, trypsin, and lipase activities of largemouth bass in the biofloc group were significantly increased by 37.20%, 64.11%, and 51.69%, respectively, compared with the control group ( < 0.05); liver superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and total antioxidant capacity of largemouth bass in the biofloc group were significantly increased by 49.26%, 46.87%, and 98.94% ( < 0.05), while the malondialdehyde content was significantly reduced by 19.91% ( < 0.05); liver lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase activities of largemouth bass in the biofloc group were significantly increased by 62.66%, 41.22%, and 29.66%, respectively ( < 0.05); liver glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate kinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and glycogen synthase activities were significantly increased by 46.29%, 99.33%, 32.54%, and 26.89%, respectively ( < 0.05). The study showed that the biofloc model of culturing largemouth bass can not only enhance digestive enzyme activities, antioxidant capacity, and immune response but can also promote the process of glucose metabolism and reduce feeding costs. This study provides data support for healthy culturing of largemouth bass in future production, provides a theoretical reference for optimizing the biofloc technology culture model, and is crucial for promoting the healthy and green development of aquaculture.
PubMed: 38929175
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060736 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2024The present study was performed to determine the chemical constituents, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of the aerial parts of Hausskn. and...
Exploring Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory and Cytotoxic Properties of Hausskn. & Bornm. from Turkey Flora: A Novel Source of Bioactive Agents to Design Functional Applications.
The present study was performed to determine the chemical constituents, cytotoxicity, antioxidant and enzyme inhibition activities of the aerial parts of Hausskn. and Bornm. (family Papaveraceae). Methanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared by maceration, homogenizer-assisted extraction (HAE) and infusion. Results showed that the highest total phenolic and flavonoids contents were obtained from the methanol extracts obtained by HAE (53.22 ± 0.10 mg GAE/g) and maceration (30.28 ± 0.51 mg RE/g), respectively. The aporphine, beznyltetrahydroisoquinoline, and protopine types of alkaloids have been tentatively identified. Among them, glaucine was identified in all extracts. Flavonoids, phenolic acids, coumarins, organic acids and fatty acids were also detected. Methanolic extract obtained using the HAE method displayed the highest anti-DPPH (41.42 ± 0.62 mg TE/g), total antioxidant (1.20 ± 0.17 mmol TE/g), Cu (113.55 ± 6.44 mg TE/g), and Fe (74.52 ± 4.74 mg TE/g) reducing properties. The aqueous extracts obtained by infusion and HAE methods exerted the best anti-ABTS (103.59 ± 1.49 mg TE/g) and chelating (19.81 ± 0.05 mg EDTAE/g) activities, respectively. Methanolic extract from HAE recorded the highest acetylcholinesterase (2.55 ± 0.10 mg GALAE/g) and α-amylase (0.51 ± 0.02 mmol ACAE/g) inhibition activities, while that obtained by maceration showed the best butyrylcholinesterase (3.76 ± 0.31 mg GALAE/g) inhibition activity. Both extracts revealed the best tyrosinase inhibitory activity (25.15 ± 1.00 and 26.79 ± 2.36 mg KAE/g, ≥ 0.05). maceration-derived aqueous extract showed selective anticancer activity against cells originating from human hypopharyngeal carcinoma. In conclusion, these findings indicated that is a promising source of alkaloids and phenolic compounds for variable pharmaceutical formulations.
PubMed: 38929082
DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060643